Machine Learning Techniques in Forest Mapping and Vegetation Analysis

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Forest Inventory, Modeling and Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2024) | Viewed by 2183

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Post-Graduation Program of Environmental and Regional Development, Post-Graduate Program of Agronomy, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
Interests: remote sensing; image processing; geoprocessing; machine learning; deep learning; data analysis; spectroscopy; vegetation analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Cartography, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Centro Educacional, R. Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil
Interests: remote sensing; geoprocessing; machine learning; data analysis; vegetation analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
National Research Center of Development of Agricultural Instrumentation, Brazilian Agricultural Research Agency, R. XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
Interests: machine learning; deep learning; data analysis; image processing; spectroscopy; drone; agriculture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Understanding and analyzing forest vegetation are crucial for both the conservation and optimal utilization of natural resources. Due to rapidly advanced technologies and computational capacities, in recent years, machine learning and deep learning have emerged as powerful tools in the realm of forest mapping. This Special Issue aims to delve deep into innovative applications of these techniques for understanding forest terrains and vegetation dynamics. We invite research that uses machine learning and deep learning methodologies to analyze, categorize, and monitor forest vegetation and its various features across different scales.

The areas of interest for this Special Issue encompass:

  • Deep learning models for vegetation classification and monitoring;
  • Machine learning algorithms for forest segmentation and object detection;
  • Predictive models for species identification using machine learning;
  • Applications of UAV, airborne, or satellite data in conjunction with machine learning;
  • Analysis using RGB, multispectral, or hyperspectral imagery paired with deep learning algorithms;
  • The integration of LiDAR, optical, infrared, and radar data with machine learning models;
  • Machine learning in mapping wildfire or deforestation patterns;
  • Deep learning approaches to urban and agricultural forest analyses;
  • Machine learning techniques for submerged or underwater forest mapping;
  • Predictive modeling for carbon storage assessment using deep learning;
  • Dimensional analysis of forests using machine learning techniques;
  • Applications of machine learning in local, regional, and global forest mapping.

This Special Issue aspires to bring together an interdisciplinary amalgamation of research, highlighting the transformative power of machines and deep learning in the domain of forest mapping and vegetation analysis. We particularly welcome novel methodologies and state-of-the-art models that revolutionize traditional mapping techniques. 

Prof. Dr. Lucas Prado Osco
Dr. Ana Paula Marques Ramos
Dr. Lúcio André De Castro Jorge
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • artificial intelligence
  • deep learning
  • remote sensing
  • monitoring
  • image processing

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 10633 KiB  
Article
Extraction the Spatial Distribution of Mangroves in the Same Month Based on Images Reconstructed with the FSDAF Model
by Qixu You, Weixi Deng, Yao Liu, Xu Tang, Jianjun Chen and Haotian You
Forests 2023, 14(12), 2399; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14122399 - 8 Dec 2023
Viewed by 778
Abstract
Mangroves have extremely high economic and ecological value. Through remote sensing, the spatial distribution of and spatiotemporal changes in mangroves can be accurately obtained, providing data support for the sustainable development of coastal wetlands. However, due to the cloudy and rainy conditions in [...] Read more.
Mangroves have extremely high economic and ecological value. Through remote sensing, the spatial distribution of and spatiotemporal changes in mangroves can be accurately obtained, providing data support for the sustainable development of coastal wetlands. However, due to the cloudy and rainy conditions in the growing areas of mangroves, there are relatively few high-quality image data available, resulting in a time difference between regional mosaic images, with a maximum difference of several months, which has a certain impact on accuracy when extracting the spatial distribution of mangroves in some regions. At present, most regional mangrove research has ignored the impact of the time difference between mosaic images, which not only leads to inaccurate monitoring results of mangroves’ spatial distribution and dynamic changes but also limits the frequency of monitoring of regional mangrove dynamic changes to an annual scale, making it difficult to achieve more refined time scales. Based on this, this study takes the coastal mangrove distribution area in China as the research area, uses Landsat 8 and MODIS images as basic data, reconstructs the January 2021 images of the research area based on the FSDAF model, and uses a random forest algorithm to extract the spatial distribution of mangrove forests and analyze the landscape pattern. The results showed that the fused image based on the FSDAF model was highly similar to the validation image, with an R value of 0.85, showing a significant positive correlation, indicating that the fused image could replace the original image for mangrove extraction in the same month. The overall accuracy of the spatial distribution extraction of mangroves based on the fused image was 89.97%. The high sample separation and spectral curve changes highly similar to the validation image indicate that the fused image can more accurately obtain the spatial distribution of mangroves. Compared to the original image, the fused image based on the FSDAF model is closer to the validation image, and the fused image can reflect the changes in mangroves in time series, thus achieving accurate acquisition of dynamic change information in a short time span. It provides data and methodological support for future monitoring of dynamic changes in large-scale mangroves. The total area of mangroves in China in January 2021 based on the fused image was 27,122.4 ha, of which Guangdong had the largest mangrove area, with 12,098.34 ha, while Macao had the smallest mangrove area of only 16.74 ha. At the same time, the mangroves in Guangdong and Guangxi had a high degree of fragmentation and were severely disturbed, requiring strengthened protection efforts, while the mangroves in Hong Kong, Zhejiang, and Macao had regular shapes, benefiting from local active artificial restoration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Techniques in Forest Mapping and Vegetation Analysis)
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17 pages, 12307 KiB  
Article
Forest Single-Frame Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution Using GANs
by Yafeng Zhao, Shuai Zhang and Junfeng Hu
Forests 2023, 14(11), 2188; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14112188 - 3 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 989
Abstract
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) possess remarkable fitting capabilities and play a crucial role in the field of computer vision. Super-resolution restoration is the process of converting low-resolution images into high-resolution ones, providing more detail and information. This is of paramount importance for monitoring [...] Read more.
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) possess remarkable fitting capabilities and play a crucial role in the field of computer vision. Super-resolution restoration is the process of converting low-resolution images into high-resolution ones, providing more detail and information. This is of paramount importance for monitoring and managing forest resources, enabling the surveillance of vegetation, wildlife, and potential disruptive factors in forest ecosystems. In this study, we propose an image super-resolution model based on Generative Adversarial Networks. We incorporate Multi-Scale Residual Blocks (MSRB) as the core feature extraction component to obtain image features at different scales, enhancing feature extraction capabilities. We introduce a novel attention mechanism, GAM Attention, which is added to the VGG network to capture more accurate feature dependencies in both spatial and channel domains. We also employ the adaptive activation function Meta ACONC and Ghost convolution to optimize training efficiency and reduce network parameters. Our model is trained on the DIV2K and LOVEDA datasets, and experimental results indicate improvements in evaluation metrics compared to SRGAN, with a PSNR increase of 0.709/2.213 dB, SSIM increase of 0.032/0.142, and LPIPS reduction of 0.03/0.013. The model performs on par with Real-ESRGAN but offers significantly improved speed. Our model efficiently restores single-frame remote sensing images of forests while achieving results comparable to state-of-the-art methods. It overcomes issues related to image distortion and texture details, producing forest remote sensing images that closely resemble high-resolution real images and align more closely with human perception. This research has significant implications on a global scale for ecological conservation, resource management, climate change research, risk management, and decision-making processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Techniques in Forest Mapping and Vegetation Analysis)
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