New Progress of Inorganic Materials in Heritage Science

A special issue of Heritage (ISSN 2571-9408). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials and Heritage".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 4532

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Chemistry and Biochemistry Department at the Science and Technology School & HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva, 8, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
Interests: inorganic materials; iron gall ink; paper; photography; tiles

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Guest Editor
Geology Department of Science and Technology School & HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva, 8, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
Interests: mortars; carbonation process; geological materials; proveneces

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Guest Editor
Chemistry and Biochemistry Department at the Science and Technology School & Laboratório HERCULES, Herança Cultural, Estudos e Salvaguarda Largo Marquês de Marialva, 8 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
Interests: historical mortars; nanomaterials; synthesis; characterisation; consolidants; green chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva, 8, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
Interests: archaeometry; glass; faience; pigments; lithics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In today’s world, and given the growing number of natural hazards and anthropogenic disasters, the preservation of Cultural and Natural Heritage has become paramount. The unique capacity of Heritage to join together different individuals, promote social inclusion and contribute to a progressively sustainable society has, without a doubt, contributed to the inclusion of the protection and safeguard of the world’s Heritage in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as Target 11.4.

Inorganic materials are widely represented in Heritage, likely due to their availability, physical and chemical resistance to environmental factors, and significant preservation even when handling and storage are performed under inadequate conditions. Moreover, despite generally undergoing decay at a slower rate than their organic counterparts, artefacts, artworks, built heritage, and natural heritage constituted by inorganic materials are still subject to degradation, leading to irreplaceable losses for future generations. The most advanced answer to degradation frequently lies in the search for materials that, being chemically compatible and aesthetically non-interfering, can mitigate or even block the destructive process going on. Likewise, the characterisation of assets and development of methodologies for conservation are fundamental practices for the long-term preservation of Heritage.

This Special Issue aims to contribute to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015. We welcome works in material science, chemistry, geology, nanotechnology and nanoscience, heritage science, and others based on inorganic materials for consolidation and conservation purposes. Works focusing on developing new methodologies and materials for other research purposes in the Heritage field are also considered. Although the issue is focused on inorganic materials, hybrid materials are also a field of interest. Possible topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Development of new materials for Cultural and Natural Heritage conservation or consolidation;
  • Application of innovative methodologies for the characterisation of inorganic materials in Cultural and Natural Heritage;
  • Sustainable materials in/for Cultural and Natural Heritage.

Research articles, review articles, and short communications are welcomed. Manuscripts reporting case studies will also be considered.

Dr. Teresa Ferreira
Dr. Patrícia Moita
Dr. Cristina Galacho
Dr. Mafalda Costa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Heritage is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 13263 KiB  
Article
Unveiling the Effectiveness of Innovative Commercial Coatings Used for the Preservation of Natural Stone—A Contribution
by Luís Dias, Ricardo Nunes, Mafalda Costa, Ana Teresa Caldeira, José Mirão and Pedro Barrulas
Heritage 2023, 6(9), 6328-6342; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6090331 - 14 Sep 2023
Viewed by 898
Abstract
The preservation of natural stone heritage is still a major challenge for the scientific community. This topic assumes a greater importance since it impacts economic and socio-cultural values. Recent research has indicated that water action and microorganism activity are among the major contributors [...] Read more.
The preservation of natural stone heritage is still a major challenge for the scientific community. This topic assumes a greater importance since it impacts economic and socio-cultural values. Recent research has indicated that water action and microorganism activity are among the major contributors to the deterioration of this material. Despite the emergence of new protective solutions in the market, some constraints still need to be overcome. This study aims to contribute to unveiling the effectiveness of innovative commercial coatings on the preservation of natural stone frequently used in built heritage. Four different commercial coatings are assessed regarding their compatibility with the substrata and effectiveness against UV radiation, water action, and microbial development under accelerated ageing. The protective solutions are tested on five different Portuguese lithotypes, including carbonate and silicate-based stones. Colour change is measured to assess compatibility, while profilometric change of the stones’ surface and antimicrobial potential are evaluated to determine their effectiveness. Our research demonstrates that the solution that exhibits the greatest compatibility and effectiveness potential is composed of modified silanes and siloxanes derivatives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress of Inorganic Materials in Heritage Science)
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28 pages, 30968 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Hybrid Lime Mortars for Historic Building Conservation: Incorporating Wood Biomass Ash as a Low-Carbon Secondary Binder
by Jelena Šantek Bajto, Nina Štirmer and Ana Baričević
Heritage 2023, 6(7), 5242-5269; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6070278 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1064
Abstract
Renewables-based power grid expansion has increased the use of wood biomass as a low-carbon fuel, resulting in the generation of predominantly inorganic wood biomass ash (WBA) as waste during biomass combustion. The conservation of historically valuable, damaged, and energy-inefficient buildings can help downsize [...] Read more.
Renewables-based power grid expansion has increased the use of wood biomass as a low-carbon fuel, resulting in the generation of predominantly inorganic wood biomass ash (WBA) as waste during biomass combustion. The conservation of historically valuable, damaged, and energy-inefficient buildings can help downsize carbon emissions and energy consumption, while promoting the use of alternative repair materials, including unavailing materials such as WBA, and implementing zero-waste measures. This study aims to underscore the importance of a proactive approach in managing WBA and its application in artificial hydraulic lime (AHL) mortars. Hybrid lime mortars were prepared by combining natural hydraulic lime (NHL) as the primary binder with fly wood biomass ash (WBA) as the secondary substitute, using different mass ratios of NHL to WBA (100:0, 80:20, and 70:30). The experimental framework encompassed interconnected analytical steps, ranging from binder analysis to paste and mortar preparation. The chemical and mineralogical composition, physical properties, and reactivity of WBA were evaluated to determine the appropriate proportion of WBA for low-carbon AHL binder formulation. Prior to mortar mixing, the water demand, setting time, and soundness of the AHL pastes were assessed. The effects of each AHL binder blend on the mechanical properties of the AHL mortars were analyzed based on compressive and flexural strength measurements after 28 days of curing under different CO2 and moisture conditions (CO2~400 ppm at 70% RH and 95% RH; CO2~30,000 ppm at 60% RH). Additionally, changes in the porous structure were studied. Notwithstanding the greatly prolonged setting time, the results indicate that the mechanical properties of AHL mortars can be enhanced by the addition of WBA in a moderate ratio, empowering the development of environmentally friendly lime mortars suitable for conservation purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress of Inorganic Materials in Heritage Science)
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18 pages, 3061 KiB  
Article
New Insight on Medieval Painting in Sicily: The Virgin Hodegetria Panel in Monreale Cathedral (Palermo, Italy)
by Maria Letizia Amadori, Valeria Mengacci, Mauro Sebastianelli, Bruno Pignataro, Simonpietro Agnello, Paolo Triolo and Claudia Pellerito
Heritage 2023, 6(6), 4692-4709; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6060249 - 06 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1458
Abstract
The Virgin Hodegetria, located in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Nuova in Monreale, near Palermo (Italy), probably dating the first half of the 13th century, is one of the earliest examples of medieval panel painting in Sicily. A diagnostic campaign was carried [...] Read more.
The Virgin Hodegetria, located in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Nuova in Monreale, near Palermo (Italy), probably dating the first half of the 13th century, is one of the earliest examples of medieval panel painting in Sicily. A diagnostic campaign was carried out on the panel aiming to identify the constituting materials and the executive technique, as well as to assess the state of conservation for supporting the methodological choice of the restoration intervention. Both non-invasive (X-ray radiography, digital microscope, multispectral imaging, ED-X-ray fluorescence) and micro-invasive (polarised light microscopy, ESEM-EDX, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy) analyses were performed. According to the results, the executive technique followed the 13th–14th-century Italian painting tradition. A complex structure was applied on the wooden support, consisting of a double layer of canvas and several ground layers of gypsum and glue-based binder. The underdrawing was made by a brush using carbonaceous black pigment. The original palette includes red ochre, red lead, azurite, carbon black and bone black. During the several restorations, mercury-based red, indigo, smalt blue, orpiment and synthetic mars were used. The original silver leaf of the frame was covered with red tin-based lake and subsequently regilded with gold leaf. Proteinaceous and oil binders were also detected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress of Inorganic Materials in Heritage Science)
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