International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

vaccines and drugs help mankind reduce the effects of natural selection when meeting and dealing with viruses. On the one hand, this slows down the process of adaptation of the human population to negative environmental factors; on the other hand, we save that which is most valuable—the life of each individual person. Nevertheless, it must be recognized that drugs and vaccines only delay the fatal meeting of the causative agent of the disease with those who are pathogen-sensitive or their genetic descendants. Majority of viruses constantly sweep their tracks and perhaps one of the most promising solutions in the fight against them is the creation of 'universal' drugs and vaccines.

This Special Issue aims to discuss innovative strategies in the development of antivirals and vaccines. In particular, topics such as the oligonucleotide vaccines against RNA viruses and novel antivirals acting as viral replication blockers will be addressed in this issue. This issue aims to provide an in-depth picture of advances in the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, despite the fact that some do not yet fit within the framework of a modern textbook on immunology.

Dr. Volodymyr V. Oberemok
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

antivirals
vaccines
viruses
innate immunity
adaptive immunity
viral replication
antibodies
immunological memory
B and T cells

Published Papers (2 papers)

Download All Papers

Research

Jump to: Other

16 pages, 3920 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Mucosal Immunity Effect of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Subunit Vaccine E2Fc and E2Ft

by Yanqing Cheng, Shaoyu Tu, Tong Chen, Jiahui Zou, Sheng Wang, Meijun Jiang, Shan Tian, Qingli Guo, Sizhu Suolang and Hongbo Zhou

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 4172; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044172 - 20 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1835

Abstract

Classified as a class B infectious disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Sporadic endemics of BVDV often lead to huge economic losses to the dairy and beef industries. To shed light on the prevention and control of BVDV, we developed two novel subunit vaccines by expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus E2 fusion recombinant proteins (E2Fc and E2Ft) through suspended HEK293 cells. We also evaluated the immune effects of the vaccines. The results showed that both subunit vaccines induced an intense mucosal immune response in calves. Mechanistically, E2Fc bonded to the Fc γ receptor (FcγRI) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promoted IgA secretion, leading to a stronger T-cell immune response (Th1 type). The neutralizing antibody titer stimulated by the mucosal-immunized E2Fc subunit vaccine reached 1:64, which was higher than that of the E2Ft subunit vaccine and that of the intramuscular inactivated vaccine. The two novel subunit vaccines for mucosal immunity developed in this study, E2Fc and E2Ft, can be further used as new strategies to control BVDV by enhancing cellular and humoral immunity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Strategies in the Development of Antivirals and Vaccines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research

10 pages, 502 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

DNA Oligonucleotides as Antivirals and Vaccine Constituents against SARS Coronaviruses: A Prospective Tool for Immune System Tuning

by Volodymyr V. Oberemok, Oksana A. Andreeva and Edie E. Alieva

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021553 - 13 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2171

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated the need to create highly effective antivirals and vaccines against various RNA viruses, including SARS coronaviruses. This paper provides a short review of innovative strategies in the development of antivirals and vaccines against SARS coronaviruses, with a focus on antisense antivirals, oligonucleotide adjuvants in vaccines, and oligonucleotide vaccines. Well-developed viral genomic databases create new opportunities for the development of innovative vaccines and antivirals using a post-genomic platform. The most effective vaccines against SARS coronaviruses are those able to form highly effective memory cells for both humoral and cellular immunity. The most effective antivirals need to efficiently stop viral replication without side effects. Oligonucleotide antivirals and vaccines can resist the rapidly changing genomic sequences of SARS coronaviruses using conserved regions of their genomes to generate a long-term immune response. Oligonucleotides have been used as excellent adjuvants for decades, and increasing data show that oligonucleotides could serve as antisense antivirals and antigens in vaccine formulations, becoming a prospective tool for immune system tuning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Strategies in the Development of Antivirals and Vaccines)

► Show Figures