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Biomedical Imaging and Electrophysiology of the Developing and Mature Cardiovascular...
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Biomedical Imaging and Electrophysiology of the Developing and Mature Cardiovascular System

A special issue of Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (ISSN 2308-3425).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2019) | Viewed by 14642

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Michiko Watanabe

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Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Dr. Stephanie M. Ford

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Guest Editor
Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital Division of Neonatology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
Prof. Dr. Andrew M. Rollins

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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of cardiovascular development has rapidly expanded understanding of the molecular mechanisms guiding heart development thanks to technical leaps in biochemistry and molecular biology technology. The field is now replete with databases of genetic, epigenetic, proteomic and signaling changes that occur during normal and abnormal development of several species. This data will only grow, requiring new computational methods of analysis. Our understanding of the physiology of this complex system has not grown as rapidly. The creation and implementation of new technologies will likely overcome the hurdles of interrogating this tiny, dynamic system and aid in the integration of the physiological parameters with the molecular mechanisms. There is no doubt that with a beating heart controlling the cardiovascular system, parameters such as flow, pressure, shear forces, action potential duration, voltage, impulse conduction velocity, and other mechanical and electrophysiological parameters, are all integrated with, respond to and impact the molecular changes that are occurring in the cardiovascular system and the embryo as a whole. Filling this gap in understanding is challenging and requires the field to learn several languages including those of the molecular biologists, physiologists, physicists, and biomedical engineers.

In this multi-disciplinary and Special Issue are gathered the thoughts and findings of investigators from a range of fields who are using different approaches and creating novel ones to study the electrophysiology of the heart. This out-of-the-silo thinking is absolutely required to find out how the cells of the beating heart and cardiovascular system integrate all the physiological and molecular information that direct their destiny during normal and abnormal development.

Prof. Dr. Michiko Watanabe
Dr. Stephanie M. Ford
Dr. Michael W. Jenkins
Prof. Dr. Andrew M. Rollins
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • conduction system
  • cardiogenesis
  • electrophysiology
  • optical mapping
  • Purkinje fibers
  • atrioventricular node
  • sinus node
  • electrostimulation
  • pacing
  • arrhythmias

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1432 KiB  
Article
Myocardial Contraction during the Diastolic Isovolumetric Period: Analysis of Longitudinal Strain by Means of Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
by Vicente Mora, Ildefonso Roldán, Elena Romero, Assumpció Saurí, Diana Romero, Jana Pérez-Gozalbo, Natalia Ugalde, Javier Bertolín, Melisa Rodriguez-Israel, Carmen Pérez-Olivares Delgado and Jorge A. Lowenstein
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2018, 5(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd5030041 - 09 Aug 2018
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4347
Abstract
Background: According to the ventricular myocardial band model, the diastolic isovolumetric period is a contraction phenomenon. Our objective was to employ speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) to analyze myocardial deformation of the left ventricle (LV) and to confirm if it supports the myocardial band model. [...] Read more.
Background: According to the ventricular myocardial band model, the diastolic isovolumetric period is a contraction phenomenon. Our objective was to employ speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) to analyze myocardial deformation of the left ventricle (LV) and to confirm if it supports the myocardial band model. Methods: This was a prospective observational study in which 90 healthy volunteers were recruited. We evaluated different types of postsystolic shortening (PSS) from an LV longitudinal strain study. Duration of latest deformation (LD) was calculated as the time from the start of the QRS complex of the ECG to the latest longitudinal deformation peak in the 18 segments of the LV. Results: The mean age of our subjects was 50.3 ± 11.1 years. PSS was observed in 48.4% of the 1620 LV segments studied (19.8%, 13.5%, and 15.1% in the basal, medial, and apical regions, respectively). PSS was more frequent in the basal, medial septal, and apical anteroseptal segments (>50%). LD peaked in the interventricular septum and in the basal segments of the LV. Conclusions: The pattern of PSS and LD revealed by STE suggests there is contraction in the postsystolic phase of the cardiac cycle. The anatomical location of the segments in which this contraction is most frequently observed corresponds to the main path of the ascending component of the myocardial band. This contraction can be attributed to the protodiastolic untwisting of the LV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Imaging and Electrophysiology of the Developing and Mature Cardiovascular System)
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Review

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19 pages, 2436 KiB  
Review
Optical Electrophysiology in the Developing Heart
by Kandace Thomas, Julie Goudy, Trevor Henley and Michael Bressan
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2018, 5(2), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd5020028 - 11 May 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5854
Abstract
The heart is the first organ system to form in the embryo. Over the course of development, cardiomyocytes with differing morphogenetic, molecular, and physiological characteristics are specified and differentiate and integrate with one another to assemble a coordinated electromechanical pumping system that can [...] Read more.
The heart is the first organ system to form in the embryo. Over the course of development, cardiomyocytes with differing morphogenetic, molecular, and physiological characteristics are specified and differentiate and integrate with one another to assemble a coordinated electromechanical pumping system that can function independently of any external stimulus. As congenital malformation of the heart presents the leading class of birth defects seen in humans, the molecular genetics of heart development have garnered much attention over the last half century. However, understanding how genetic perturbations manifest at the level of the individual cell function remains challenging to investigate. Some of the barriers that have limited our capacity to construct high-resolution, comprehensive models of cardiac physiological maturation are rapidly being removed by advancements in the reagents and instrumentation available for high-speed live imaging. In this review, we briefly introduce the history of imaging approaches for assessing cardiac development, describe some of the reagents and tools required to perform live imaging in the developing heart, and discuss how the combination of modern imaging modalities and physiological probes can be used to scale from subcellular to whole-organ analysis. Through these types of imaging approaches, critical insights into the processes of cardiac physiological development can be directly examined in real-time. Moving forward, the synthesis of modern molecular biology and imaging approaches will open novel avenues to investigate the mechanisms of cardiomyocyte maturation, providing insight into the etiology of congenital heart defects, as well as serving to direct approaches for designing stem-cell or regenerative medicine protocols for clinical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Imaging and Electrophysiology of the Developing and Mature Cardiovascular System)
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11 pages, 2582 KiB  
Review
Multi-Scale Assessments of Cardiac Electrophysiology Reveal Regional Heterogeneity in Health and Disease
by Catherine E. Lipovsky, Brittany D. Brumback, Aditi Khandekar and Stacey L. Rentschler
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2018, 5(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd5010016 - 08 Mar 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4103
Abstract
The left and right ventricles of the four-chambered heart have distinct developmental origins and functions. Chamber-specific developmental programming underlies the differential gene expression of ion channel subunits regulating cardiac electrophysiology that persists into adulthood. Here, we discuss regional specific electrical responses to genetic [...] Read more.
The left and right ventricles of the four-chambered heart have distinct developmental origins and functions. Chamber-specific developmental programming underlies the differential gene expression of ion channel subunits regulating cardiac electrophysiology that persists into adulthood. Here, we discuss regional specific electrical responses to genetic mutations and cardiac stressors, their clinical correlations, and describe many of the multi-scale techniques commonly used to analyze electrophysiological regional heterogeneity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Imaging and Electrophysiology of the Developing and Mature Cardiovascular System)
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