Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Updates and Perspectives

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Pulmonology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 4971

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world, with a less than 20% 5-year survival rate; this is due to diagnoses in the late stage of the disease. Although tissue biopsy remains the most widely used method for categorizing tumors and therapeutic decisions, liquid biopsy (LB), as a new method of observing tumor genetics and tumor dynamics, has also attracted remarkable interest among the oncology community.

The purpose of this Special Issue, “Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Updates and Perspectives” is to highlight 1) new personalized medicine methods for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of NSCLC patients; 2) new technologies and assays that can achieve optimal sensitivity for the early detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in NSCLC patients; 3) the importance of liquid biopsy as a new tool in therapeutic decision making; and 4) the rapid development of technology and drugs.

Dr. Athina N. Markou
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
  • liquid biopsy
  • cell-free DNA (cfDNA)
  • minimal residual disease (MRD)
  • circulating tumor cells (CTCs)
  • heterogeneity
  • epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)
  • tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 944 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Value of Lymph Node Ratio (LNR) in Patients with Postoperative N2 Feature in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
by Mariusz Piotr Łochowski, Justyna Chałubińska-Fendler, Aleksandra Szlachcińska, Barbara Łochowska, Daniel Brzeziński, Jacek Kaczmarski and Józef Kozak
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(15), 4570; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154570 - 5 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important prognostic factors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a condition with a high mortality rate, is the presence of mediastinal lymph node metastases alongside distant metastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value [...] Read more.
Introduction: One of the most important prognostic factors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a condition with a high mortality rate, is the presence of mediastinal lymph node metastases alongside distant metastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of selected parameters of N2 stage NSCLC with a special focus on lymph node ratio (LNR). Material: The study included 163 patients (61 women and 102 men) operated on due to NSCLC, postoperatively diagnosed as stage N2. The age of the patients ranged from 38 to 82 years (mean age: 62.4 years). The effects of the following factors on clinical data and survival rate were assessed: N1 stage, total number of all metastatic nodes, LNR and LNR N2 ratios, and the presence of skip, single- or multistation metastases. Results: Univariate analysis showed patient survival to be correlated with LNR and LNR N2 ratios, single/multistation metastases, and the number of nodes involved in metastasis. A multivariate model based on patient clinical data found nicotine dependence (p = 0.013), LNR > 0.26 (p = 0.004), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) value > 3 (p = 0.014) to be independent adverse prognostic factors in this group. Conclusions: LNR ratio is a significant cancer disease-derived independent prognostic factor for patients with postoperative N2 stage NSCLC. In addition, smoking and comorbidities also appear to have prognostic value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Updates and Perspectives)
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9 pages, 2371 KiB  
Article
The Prognostic Value of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Clinical Stage I Lung Cancer Patients: A Propensity-Match Analysis
by Ya-Fu Cheng, Jing-Yang Huang, Ching-Hsiung Lin, Sheng-Hao Lin and Bing-Yen Wang
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(8), 2416; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082416 - 21 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Background: The application of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) helps provide accurate clinical staging for lung cancer patients. However, the effects and trends in early-stage lung cancer remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare differences between clinical stage I lung [...] Read more.
Background: The application of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) helps provide accurate clinical staging for lung cancer patients. However, the effects and trends in early-stage lung cancer remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare differences between clinical stage I lung cancer patients who received PET/CT for staging and those who did not. Methods: Data were obtained from the Taiwan Society of Cancer Registry. There were 6587 clinical stage I lung cancer patients between 2009 and 2014 analyzed in this study. We compared the characteristics of the PET/CT and no PET/CT groups. After propensity score matching, it resulted in both groups having 2649 patients. We measured the overall survival rates of all clinical stage I lung cancer patients and the overall survival rates of patients with PET/CT and without PET/CT. Results: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of all clinical stage I lung cancer patients were 97.2%, 88.2%, and 79.0%, respectively. Patients with a larger tumor size tended to receive PET/CT for staging (stage Ib: 38.25% vs. 27.82%, p < 0.0001) and a larger resection (lobectomy: 74.62% vs. 66.61%, p < 0.0001). The 5-year survival rates were 79.8% in the PET/CT group and 78.2% in the no PET/CT group after propensity score matching (p = 0.6528). Conclusions: For clinical stage I lung cancer in Taiwan, patients with larger tumor sizes tend to have PET/CT for staging. Although PET/CT provided more precise clinical staging, these patients still received larger resections and had more pathological migration. However, there was no overall survival rate benefit after PET/CT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Updates and Perspectives)
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Review

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24 pages, 1621 KiB  
Review
Advances in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Insights and Future Directions
by Pankaj Garg, Sulabh Singhal, Prakash Kulkarni, David Horne, Jyoti Malhotra, Ravi Salgia and Sharad S. Singhal
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(14), 4189; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144189 - 18 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2696
Abstract
The leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide is attributed to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), necessitating a continual focus on improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In this review, the latest breakthroughs and emerging trends in managing NSCLC are highlighted. Major [...] Read more.
The leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide is attributed to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), necessitating a continual focus on improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In this review, the latest breakthroughs and emerging trends in managing NSCLC are highlighted. Major advancements in diagnostic methods, including better imaging technologies and the utilization of molecular biomarkers, are discussed. These advancements have greatly enhanced early detection and personalized treatment plans. Significant improvements in patient outcomes have been achieved by new targeted therapies and immunotherapies, providing new hope for individuals with advanced NSCLC. This review discusses the persistent challenges in accessing advanced treatments and their associated costs despite recent progress. Promising research into new therapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy and oncolytic viruses, which could further revolutionize NSCLC treatment, is also highlighted. This review aims to inform and inspire continued efforts to improve outcomes for NSCLC patients globally, by offering a comprehensive overview of the current state of NSCLC treatment and future possibilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Updates and Perspectives)
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