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Renal Failure and Complications: New Perspective

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Nephrology & Urology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2022) | Viewed by 12567

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Karim Soliman

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Guest Editor

College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Interests: kidney transplantation; cell-based therapy; stem-cell therapy; organ cross-talks

Prof. Dr. Ken Sakai

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Guest Editor

Toho University Medical Center, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: kidney trnasplantation; bioimpedance

Prof. Dr. Tibor Fülöp

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Guest Editor

Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina and Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 629, CSB 822, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Interests: critical care nephrology; metabolic acidosis; meta-analysis; uremic toxins; volume overload
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Halting progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) into end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) remains a hard-to-achieve goal among Nephrologists across the globe. While ongoing endless research focusing on inventing ways and medications targeting reversible risk factors for CKD progression into ESKD, others took the latter as a starting point to build their way from kidney transplantation, artificial organs and kidney-chip onwards. Novel diagnostic techniques including biomarkers in kidney diseases, transplantation, cell-based and stem-cell therapies all are eras of evolution and not to be overlooked. Different diseased organ cross-talks particularly with the kidney is another theory supporting the initiation and accelerated progression of CKD and hence; efforts to disconnect those pathways are under way. Nevertheless, despite different management strategies, the flow of CKD progression to ESKD remains currently inevitable and strongly oppositional.

In this Special Edition, we aim to focus on strategies and novel techniques that delay and manage CKD progression or improve survival of the new-born kidney transplant status-post ESKD. We hope that these papers will serve as a plea to further enhance our understanding towards novel forthcoming management interventions and provide a platform of robust exchange of ideas.

The Editors of this Special Edition invite you to submit relevant papers for considerations of a viorous peer review and expeditious publication. We particularly welcome papers bringing forth novel or challenging prevailing concepts in the era of fighting ESKD. All original investigations, including both clinical and basic sciences studies, as well meta-analyses and scholarly review papers will be considered.

Dr. Karim Soliman
Prof. Dr. Ken Sakai
Prof. Dr. Tibor Fulop
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

modifiable risk factors for chronic kidney disease progression
biomarkers in chronic kidney disease
stem cell therapy in chronic kidney disease
biomarkers in kidney transplanatation
stem cell therapy in kidney transplantation
kidney-chip
cell-based therapy and kidney transplantation
metabolic and mineral bone derangements in chronic kidney disease
metabolic and mineral bone derangements in kidney transplantation
organ cross-talks and adverse effects on the kidney
onco-nephrology and CKD progression
diseased organs with direct kidney affection

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 286 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between Psychosocial and Age-Related Factors with Adherence to Immunosuppressive Therapies after Renal Transplantation

by Justyna Zachciał, Izabella Uchmanowicz, Michał Czapla, Magdalena Krajewska and Mirosław Banasik

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(9), 2386; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092386 - 24 Apr 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1853

Abstract

Renal transplantation (RT) is the optimal renal replacement treatment approach in terms of patient survival and high quality of life. Proper adherence to medication is essential in order to prolong graft life and patient survival. This study aimed to investigate the effects of psychosocial factors and age-related declines on adherence in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of kidney transplant recipients, based on regression analysis. Patient adherence was assessed with the Basel Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale (BAASIS). Psychosocial and age-related variables were measured with the World Health Organization’s quality of life questionnaire (WHOQoL-BREF), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI). Results: A simple linear regression model indicated that the significant predictors of self-reported adherence (p < 0.05) were age, time since transplant, and anxiety and cognitive functions. For problems with implementing immunosuppressive medication, logistic regression models showed that gender, age, retirement status, hypercholesterolemia, and cognitive impairment were the most significant predictors (p < 0.05). However, after controlling for other predictors in the multiple regression models, anxiety and cognitive ability no longer predicted treatment adherence to immunosuppressive medication. Conclusions: Renal transplantation is the most effective therapy in chronic renal failure patients. Proper adherence to immunosuppressive therapy is critical to prolonging graft and person survival. Our study shows that occupational status more significantly influences adherence to the implementation of treatment in kidney transplant recipients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renal Failure and Complications: New Perspective)

12 pages, 1520 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plasma Thallium Concentration, Kidney Function, Nephrotoxicity and Graft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients

by Daan Kremer, Niels L. Riemersma, Dion Groothof, Camilo G. Sotomayor, Michele F. Eisenga, Adrian Post, Tim J. Knobbe, Daan J. Touw and Stephan J. L. Bakker

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(7), 1970; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071970 - 01 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1513

Abstract

The nephrotoxic effects of heavy metals have gained increasing scientific attention in the past years. Recent studies suggest that heavy metals, including cadmium, lead, and arsenic, are detrimental to kidney transplant recipients (KTR) even at circulating concentrations within the normal range, posing an increased risk for graft failure. Thallium is another highly toxic heavy metal, yet the potential consequences of the circulating thallium concentrations in KTR are unclear. We measured plasma thallium concentrations in 672 stable KTR enrolled in the prospective TransplantLines Food and Nutrition Biobank and Cohort Study using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In cross-sectional analyses, plasma thallium concentrations were positively associated with kidney function measures and hemoglobin. We observed no associations of thallium concentration with proteinuria or markers of tubular damage. In prospective analyses, we observed no association of plasma thallium with graft failure and mortality during a median follow-up of 5.4 [interquartile range: 4.8 to 6.1] years. In conclusion, in contrast with other heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and arsenic, there is no evidence of tubular damage or thallium nephrotoxicity for the range of circulating thallium concentrations observed in this study. This is further evidenced by the absence of associations of plasma thallium with graft failure and mortality in KTR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renal Failure and Complications: New Perspective)

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20 pages, 304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adherence to Immunosuppressive Therapies after Kidney Transplantation from a Biopsychosocial Perspective: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Justyna Zachciał, Izabella Uchmanowicz, Magdalena Krajewska and Mirosław Banasik

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(5), 1381; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051381 - 02 Mar 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2241

Abstract

Kidney transplantation (KT) is the best method for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) because of patient survival rates and quality of life (QoL). Nowadays, the main cause of graft loss is antibody-mediated rejection. The treatment of humoral injury is difficult with uncertain results and still not firmly established. Therefore, appropriate adherence is crucial to prolong graft and patient survival. This study aims to evaluate the association of transplant patients’ acceptance of illness, symptoms of anxiety and depression, frailty, and QoL with medication adherence in KT recipients. A total of 210 patients after KT completed the surveys. The instruments were distributed during patients’ admission at the clinic by a qualified nurse, who assisted the patients’ in completing the questionnaires. A cross-sectional study of KT recipients 9.45 ± 7.26 years after KT was performed. Patient adherence with medications was assessed using the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS). Explanatory variables were examined with validated instruments, such as the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire, The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) scale, respectively. Simple linear and multiple regression analyses demonstrated the positive correlation between acceptance of illness and adherence to immunosuppressive medications in a patient sample of KT recipients. The other important factor facilitating adherence to medications was linked with physical and environmental dimensions. On the other hand, frail kidney transplant patients were more likely to be non-adherent. In conclusion, identifying contributors to better medication adherence in immunosuppressive therapy is crucial in preventing transplant rejection or graft loss. In the kidney transplant population, the acceptance of illness, selected dimensions of QoL, and demographic variables associated with rural living and vocational education favored adherence behaviors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renal Failure and Complications: New Perspective)

9 pages, 587 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations among Ratio of Free Triiodothyronine to Free Thyroxine, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Subclinical Hypothyroidism

by Yuji Shimizu, Shin-Ya Kawashiri, Yuko Noguchi, Seiko Nakamichi, Yasuhiro Nagata, Naomi Hayashida and Takahiro Maeda

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(5), 1269; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051269 - 25 Feb 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1856

Abstract

The ratio of free triiodothyronine (FT3) to free thyroxine (FT4) (FT3/FT4), a maker of peripheral thyroxin deiodination, could indicate activity of thyroid hormone. Since positive association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) was reported, clarifying the association among FT3/FT4, SCH, and CKD could be an efficient tool to make a strategy for preventing CKD. A cross-sectional study with 1724 Japanese with normal thyroid hormone was conducted. Significant positive association between SCH and CKD was observed; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 2.23 (1.38, 3.59). Even though, FT3/FT4 was found to be inversely associated with CKD whereas positively associated with SCH; the adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for 1 standard deviation (SD) increment of FT3/FT4 were 0.51 (0.35, 0.74) for CKD and 2.40 (1.34, 4.29) for SCH, respectively. FT3/FT4 was also found to be positively associated with SCH without CKD but not those with CKD; 1 SD increment of FT3/FT4 were 3.44 (1.72, 6.91) for SCH without CKD and 1.11 (0.40, 3.06) for SCH with CKD, respectively. Although further investigation is necessary, present study indicates that higher activity of peripheral thyroxin deiodination might have beneficial association on absence of CKD even among SCH which is positively associated with CKD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renal Failure and Complications: New Perspective)

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Review

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24 pages, 2877 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mediators of Regional Kidney Perfusion during Surgical Pneumo-Peritoneum Creation and the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury—A Review of Basic Physiology

by Csaba Kopitkó, László Medve, Tibor Gondos, Karim Magdy Mohamed Soliman and Tibor Fülöp

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(10), 2728; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102728 - 12 May 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4243

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI), especially if recurring, represents a risk factor for future chronic kidney disease. In intensive care units, increased intra-abdominal pressure is well-recognized as a significant contributor to AKI. However, the importance of transiently increased intra-abdominal pressures procedures is less commonly appreciated during laparoscopic surgery, the use of which has rapidly increased over the last few decades. Unlike the well-known autoregulation of the renal cortical circulation, medulla perfusion is modulated via partially independent regulatory mechanisms and strongly impacted by changes in venous and lymphatic pressures. In our review paper, we will provide a comprehensive overview of this evolving topic, covering a broad range from basic pathophysiology up to and including current clinical relevance and examples. Key regulators of oxidative stress such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, the activation of inflammatory response and humoral changes interacting with procedural pneumo-peritoneum formation and AKI risk will be recounted. Moreover, we present an in-depth review of the interaction of pneumo-peritoneum formation with general anesthetic agents and animal models of congestive heart failure. A better understanding of the relationship between pneumo-peritoneum formation and renal perfusion will support basic and clinical research, leading to improved clinical care and collaboration among specialists. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renal Failure and Complications: New Perspective)

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