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Biodegradable Scaffolds
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Biodegradable Scaffolds

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 June 2017) | Viewed by 37146

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Christine Knabe-Ducheyne

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Orofacial Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
Interests: bone tissue engineering; bone grafting materials; resorbable bioactive ceramics; translation; bioceramic scaffolds; cell and tissue reponse; percutaneous devices

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last two decades, tissue-engineering concepts for the repair or replacement of damaged tissues or whole organs have been fervently pursued in various medical disciplines. This has resulted in an ever-increasing need for adequate tissue engineering scaffolds. Ideally, a scaffold should first support, promote and guide tissue formation and then resorb, resulting in replacement of the scaffold by functional tissue. Consequently, increasing research efforts have focused on developing biodegradable scaffolds, the respective biomaterials, as well suitable fabrication technologies. In this context, 3D printing has emerged as an important technology, and rapid progress has been made with increasing the quality and versatility of both the printers, as well as the printing process. While 3D printing became first available for use with polymer-based biomaterials, in recent years, this technology has been adapted to also facilitate printing ceramic and metal-based biomaterials. At the same time, 3D printing provides the possibility of fabricating patient-specific implants and scaffolds by utilizing the patient’s CT or MRI data for generating the respective STL file. This is in addition to biomaterial modification and functionalization by ion doping and others when using printers with dual print heads. Other fabrication technologies include electrospinning, selective laser sintering, extrusion-based technologies, stereolithography, and more. Moreover, biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering are often combined with different types of cells or stem cells to achieve repair and regeneration of large tissue defects of organs. This required developing adequate cell isolation and dynamic culturing techniques, as well as bioreactors, for achieving homogenous cell growth and differentiation in and on 3D scaffolds, which also constitutes an important area of research. This Special Issue aims at considering all aspects of the fabrication, architecture, and properties of biodegradable scaffolds as well as of the selection and optimization of the respective biomaterials for various clinical applications. This entails identifying the most suitable scaffold and biomaterial architecture and properties for interacting with cells, body fluids and tissues in a manner that leads to enhanced cell function, tissue formation and tissue and organ repair, while ensuring adequate vascularization at the same time.

Prof. Dr. Christine Knabe-Ducheyne
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Tissue engineering
  • Bioactive resorbable ceramics
  • Biodegradable polymers
  • Biomaterial functionalisation
  • Scaffold architectuire
  • 3D printing
  • Stem cells
  • Regnerative medicine
  • Soft tissue regeneration
  • Musculoskeletal tissue regeneration

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

8148 KiB  
Article
Biomineralization of Fucoidan-Peptide Blends and Their Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Regeneration
by Harrison T. Pajovich and Ipsita A. Banerjee
J. Funct. Biomater. 2017, 8(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb8030041 - 20 Sep 2017
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 7762
Abstract
Fucoidan (Fuc), a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed algae, and gelatin (Gel) were conjugated to form a template for preparation of biomimetic scaffolds for potential applications in bone tissue regeneration. To the Fuc–Gel we then incorporated the peptide sequence MTNYDEAAMAIASLN (MTN) derived [...] Read more.
Fucoidan (Fuc), a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed algae, and gelatin (Gel) were conjugated to form a template for preparation of biomimetic scaffolds for potential applications in bone tissue regeneration. To the Fuc–Gel we then incorporated the peptide sequence MTNYDEAAMAIASLN (MTN) derived from the E-F hand domain, known for its calcium binding properties. To mimic the components of the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, the Fuc–Gel–MTN assemblies were incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF) to induce biomineralization, resulting in the formation of β-tricalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite (HAp). The formed Fuc–Gel–MTN–beta–TCP/HAP scaffolds were found to display an average Young’s Modulus value of 0.32 GPa (n = 5) with an average surface roughness of 91 nm. Rheological studies show that the biomineralized scaffold exhibited higher storage and loss modulus compared to the composites formed before biomineralization. Thermal phase changes were studied through DSC and TGA analysis. XRD and EDS analyses indicated a biphasic mixture of β-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite and the composition of the scaffold. The scaffold promoted cell proliferation, differentiation and displayed actin stress fibers indicating the formation of cell-scaffold matrices in the presence of MT3C3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts. Osteogenesis and mineralization were found to increase with Fuc–Gel–MTN–beta–TCP/HAP scaffolds. Thus, we have developed a novel scaffold for possible applications in bone tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradable Scaffolds)
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3238 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate-Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
by Hari Kotturi, Alaeddin Abuabed, Haris Zafar, Elaine Sawyer, Bipin Pallipparambil, Harsha Jamadagni and Morshed Khandaker
J. Funct. Biomater. 2017, 8(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb8030039 - 5 Sep 2017
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 7119
Abstract
Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate (PEGDA) tissue scaffolds having a thickness higher than 1 mm and without the presence of nutrient conduit networks were shown to have limited applications in tissue engineering due to the inability of cells to adhere and migrate within the scaffold. [...] Read more.
Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate (PEGDA) tissue scaffolds having a thickness higher than 1 mm and without the presence of nutrient conduit networks were shown to have limited applications in tissue engineering due to the inability of cells to adhere and migrate within the scaffold. The PEGDA scaffold has been coated with polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofiber (ENF) membrane on both sides to overcome these limitations, thereby creating a functional PEGDA-PCL scaffold. This study examined the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the PEGDA and PEGDA-PCL scaffolds to determine the effect of PCL coating on PEGDA. The physical characterization of PEGDA-PCL samples demonstrated the effectiveness of combining PCL with a PEGDA scaffold to expand its applications in tissue engineering. This study also found a significant improvement of elasticity of PEGDA due to the addition of PCL layers. This study shows that PEGDA-PCL scaffolds absorb nutrients with time and can provide an ideal environment for the survival of cells. Furthermore, cell viability tests indicate that the cell adhered, proliferated, and migrated in the PEGDA-PCL scaffold. Therefore, PCL ENF coating has a positive influence on PEGDA scaffold. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradable Scaffolds)
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12584 KiB  
Article
Effect of a Particulate and a Putty-Like Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Bone-grafting Material on Bone Formation, Volume Stability and Osteogenic Marker Expression after Bilateral Sinus Floor Augmentation in Humans
by Christine Knabe, Doaa Adel Khattab, Esther Kluk, Rainer Struck and Michael Stiller
J. Funct. Biomater. 2017, 8(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb8030031 - 29 Jul 2017
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7651
Abstract
This study examines the effect of a hyaluronic acid (HyAc) containing tricalcium phosphate putty scaffold material (TCP-P) and of a particulate tricalcium phosphate (TCP-G) graft on bone formation, volume stability and osteogenic marker expression in biopsies sampled 6 months after bilateral sinus floor [...] Read more.
This study examines the effect of a hyaluronic acid (HyAc) containing tricalcium phosphate putty scaffold material (TCP-P) and of a particulate tricalcium phosphate (TCP-G) graft on bone formation, volume stability and osteogenic marker expression in biopsies sampled 6 months after bilateral sinus floor augmentation (SFA) in 7 patients applying a split-mouth design. 10% autogenous bone chips were added to the grafting material during surgery. The grain size of the TCP granules was 700 to 1400 µm for TCP-G and 125 to 250 µm and 500 to 700 µm (ratio 1:1) for TCP-P. Biopsies were processed for immunohistochemical analysis of resin-embedded sections. Sections were stained for collagen type I (Col I), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC) and bone sialoprotein (BSP). Furthermore, the bone area and biomaterial area fraction were determined histomorphometrically. Cone-beam CT data recorded after SFA and 6 months later were used for calculating the graft volume at these two time points. TCP-P displayed more advantageous surgical handling properties and a significantly greater bone area fraction and smaller biomaterial area fraction. This was accompanied by significantly greater expression of Col I and BSP and in osteoblasts and osteoid and a less pronounced reduction in grafting volume with TCP-P. SFA using both types of materials resulted in formation of sufficient bone volume for facilitating stable dental implant placement with all dental implants having been in function without any complications for 6 years. Since TCP-P displayed superior surgical handling properties and greater bone formation than TCP-G, without the HyAc hydrogel matrix having any adverse effect on bone formation or graft volume stability, TCP-P can be regarded as excellent grafting material for SFA in a clinical setting. The greater bone formation observed with TCP-P may be related to the difference in grain size of the TCP granules and/or the addition of the HyAc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradable Scaffolds)
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2181 KiB  
Article
Pilot Study Using a Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Implant for Guided Alveolar Bone Growth in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
by Fabiola Vaca-Cornejo, Héctor Macías Reyes, Sergio H. Dueñas Jiménez, Ricardo A. Llamas Velázquez and Judith M. Dueñas Jiménez
J. Funct. Biomater. 2017, 8(3), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb8030029 - 19 Jul 2017
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6342
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease associated with significant loss of alveolar crest and soft tissue attached to the teeth. Chitosan and hydroxyapatite are biomaterials used for bone tissue repair because of their biodegradability and biocompatibility in nature. The present study evaluated [...] Read more.
Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease associated with significant loss of alveolar crest and soft tissue attached to the teeth. Chitosan and hydroxyapatite are biomaterials used for bone tissue repair because of their biodegradability and biocompatibility in nature. The present study evaluated the effects of chitosan (CH) in combination with hydroxyapatite (HAP) to promote alveolar bone growth. A chitosan implant mixed with hydroxyapatite was implanted into the affected area of 9 patients suffering chronic periodontitis. Patients were evaluated through X-ray images and a millimetric slide over a one year period. The application of CH/HAP produced an average alveolar bone growth of 5.77 mm (±1.87 mm). At the onset of the study, the dental pocket exhibited a depth level (DPDL) of 8.66 mm and decreased to 3.55 mm one year after the implant. Tooth mobility grade was 2.44 mm at the onset and 0.8 mm at the end of the study with a significant difference of p < 0.001. Moreover, the bone density in the affected areas was similar to the density of the bone adjacent to it. This result was confirmed with the software implant viewer from Anne Solutions Company. In conclusion, the CH/HAP implant promoted alveolar bone growth in periodontitis patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradable Scaffolds)
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3367 KiB  
Article
Cellular Morphology-Mediated Proliferation and Drug Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells
by Ryota Domura, Rie Sasaki, Yuma Ishikawa and Masami Okamoto
J. Funct. Biomater. 2017, 8(2), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb8020018 - 6 Jun 2017
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 7586
Abstract
The interpretation of the local microenvironment of the extracellular matrix for malignant tumor cells is in intimate relation with metastatic spread of cancer cells involving the associated issues of cellular proliferation and drug responsiveness. This study was aimed to assess the combination of [...] Read more.
The interpretation of the local microenvironment of the extracellular matrix for malignant tumor cells is in intimate relation with metastatic spread of cancer cells involving the associated issues of cellular proliferation and drug responsiveness. This study was aimed to assess the combination of both surface topographies (fiber alignments) and different stiffness of the polymeric substrates (poly(l-lactic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone), PLLA and PCL, respectively) as well as collagen substrates (coat and gel) to elucidate the effect of the cellular morphology on cellular proliferation and drug sensitivities of two different types of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). The morphological spreading parameter (nucleus/cytoplasm area ratio) induced by the anthropogenic substrates has correlated intimately with the cellular proliferation and the drug sensitivity the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cancer cells. This study demonstrated the promising results of the parameter for the evaluation of cancer cell malignancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradable Scaffolds)
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