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Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering
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Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 October 2021) | Viewed by 33438

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Antonio Mancuso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Interests: CAD; yacht design; CFD; optimization techniques; virtual reality
Prof. Dr. Davide Tumino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facoltà di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università degli Studi di Enna Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy
Interests: marine engineering; FEM; topology optimization; additive manufacturing

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Modern engineering design processes are driven by an extensive use of numerical simulations, and naval architecture and ocean engineering are no exception. Since computational power has been improved over the last few decades, the integration of different tools such as CAD, FEM, CFD, and CAM allows complex modeling and manufacturing problems to be solved in a more feasible way. Classical naval design methodology can take advantage of this integration, giving rise to a more robust design in terms of shape, structural and hydrodynamic performances, and manufacturing process.

This Special Issue aims to invite researchers and engineers from both academia and industry to publish the latest progress of design and manufacturing techniques in marine engineering and to debate about current issues and future perspectives in this research area. Suitable topics for this issue include but are not limited to the following:

  • CAD-based approaches to design hull and appendages of sailing and engine boats and comparison with traditional techniques;
  • Finite element method applications to predict structural performances of the whole boat or of a portion of it with particular attention to the modeling of the material used;
  • Embedded measurement systems for structural health monitoring;
  • Determination of hydrodynamic efficiency using experimental, numerical or semi-empiric methods for displacement and planning hulls;
  • Topology optimization techniques to overcome traditional scantling criteria based on international standards;
  • Application of additive manufacturing to obtain innovative shapes for internal reinforcements or sandwich hull structure.

Prof. Dr. Antonio Mancuso
Prof. Dr. Davide Tumino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CAE tools
  • yacht design
  • additive manufacturing
  • structural health monitoring

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 172 KiB  
Editorial
Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering
by Antonio Mancuso and Davide Tumino
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020122 - 18 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1285
Abstract
Modern engineering design processes are driven by the extensive use of numerical simulations, and naval architecture as well as ocean engineering are no exception [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

20 pages, 6661 KiB  
Article
Development of a Computational Model for Investigation of and Oscillating Water Column Device with a Savonius Turbine
by Amanda Lopes dos Santos, Cristiano Fragassa, Andrei Luís Garcia Santos, Rodrigo Spotorno Vieira, Luiz Alberto Oliveira Rocha, José Manuel Paixão Conde, Liércio André Isoldi and Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010079 - 7 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1740
Abstract
The present work aims to develop a computational model investigating turbulent flows in a problem that simulates an oscillating water column device (OWC) considering a Savonius turbine in the air duct region. Incompressible, two-dimensional, unsteady, and turbulent flows were considered for three different [...] Read more.
The present work aims to develop a computational model investigating turbulent flows in a problem that simulates an oscillating water column device (OWC) considering a Savonius turbine in the air duct region. Incompressible, two-dimensional, unsteady, and turbulent flows were considered for three different configurations: (1) free turbine inserted in a long and large channel for verification/validation of the model, (2) an enclosure domain that mimics an OWC device with a constant velocity at its inlet, and (3) the same domain as that in Case 2 with sinusoidal velocity imposed at the inlet. A dynamic rotational mesh in the turbine region was imposed. Time-averaged equations of the conservation of mass and balance of momentum with the k–ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) model for turbulence closure were solved with the finite volume method. The developed model led to promising results, predicting similar time–spatial-averaged power coefficients (CP¯) as those obtained in the literature for different magnitudes of the tip speed ratio (0.75 ≤ λ ≤ 2.00). The simulation of the enclosure domain increased CP¯ for all studied values of λ in comparison with a free turbine (Case 1). The imposition of sinusoidal velocity (Case 3) led to a similar performance as that obtained for constant velocity (Case 2). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)
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21 pages, 64692 KiB  
Article
AUV Obstacle Avoidance Planning Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
by Jianya Yuan, Hongjian Wang, Honghan Zhang, Changjian Lin, Dan Yu and Chengfeng Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(11), 1166; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111166 - 23 Oct 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 3412
Abstract
In a complex underwater environment, finding a viable, collision-free path for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a challenging task. The purpose of this paper is to establish a safe, real-time, and robust method of collision avoidance that improves the autonomy of AUVs. [...] Read more.
In a complex underwater environment, finding a viable, collision-free path for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a challenging task. The purpose of this paper is to establish a safe, real-time, and robust method of collision avoidance that improves the autonomy of AUVs. We propose a method based on active sonar, which utilizes a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to learn the processed sonar information to navigate the AUV in an uncertain environment. We compare the performance of double deep Q-network algorithms with that of a genetic algorithm and deep learning. We propose a line-of-sight guidance method to mitigate abrupt changes in the yaw direction and smooth the heading changes when the AUV switches trajectory. The different experimental results show that the double deep Q-network algorithms ensure excellent collision avoidance performance. The effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper was verified in three environments: random static, mixed static, and complex dynamic. The results show that the proposed algorithm has significant advantages over other algorithms in terms of success rate, collision avoidance performance, and generalization ability. The double deep Q-network algorithm proposed in this paper is superior to the genetic algorithm and deep learning in terms of the running time, total path, performance in avoiding collisions with moving obstacles, and planning time for each step. After the algorithm is trained in a simulated environment, it can still perform online learning according to the information of the environment after deployment and adjust the weight of the network in real-time. These results demonstrate that the proposed approach has significant potential for practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)
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23 pages, 7039 KiB  
Article
Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Topology Optimized and Surface Textured Rudder Bulb with Lightweight and Drag-Reducing Design
by Alessandro Scarpellini, Valentina Finazzi, Paolo Schito, Arianna Bionda, Andrea Ratti and Ali Gökhan Demir
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 1032; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9091032 - 19 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2785
Abstract
This work demonstrates the advantages of using laser powder bed fusion for producing a rudder bulb of a moth class sailing racing boat via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The component was designed to reduce weight using an AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy and incorporated a [...] Read more.
This work demonstrates the advantages of using laser powder bed fusion for producing a rudder bulb of a moth class sailing racing boat via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The component was designed to reduce weight using an AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy and incorporated a biomimetic surface texture for drag reduction. For the topological optimization, the component was loaded structurally due to foil wing’s lift action as well as from the environment due to hydrodynamic resistance. The aim was to minimize core mass while preserving stiffness and the second to benefit from drag reduction capability in terms of passive surface behavior. The external surface texture is inspired by scales of the European sea bass. Both these features were embedded to the component and produced by LPBF in a single run, with the required resolution. Drag reduction was estimated in the order of 1% for free stream velocity of 2.5 m s−1. The production of the final part resulted in limited geometrical error with respect to scales 3D model, with the desired mechanical properties. A reduction in weight of approximately 58% with respect to original full solid model from 452 to 190 g was achieved thanks to core topology optimization. Sandblasting was adopted as finishing technique since it was able to improve surface quality while preserving fish scale geometries. The feasibility of producing the biomimetic surfaces and the weight reduction were validated with the produced full-sized component. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)
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19 pages, 7441 KiB  
Article
Improving the Downwind Sail Design Process by Means of a Novel FSI Approach
by Antonino Cirello, Tommaso Ingrassia, Antonio Mancuso, Vincenzo Nigrelli and Davide Tumino
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(6), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060624 - 4 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2857
Abstract
The process of designing a sail can be a challenging task because of the difficulties in predicting the real aerodynamic performance. This is especially true in the case of downwind sails, where the evaluation of the real shapes and aerodynamic forces can be [...] Read more.
The process of designing a sail can be a challenging task because of the difficulties in predicting the real aerodynamic performance. This is especially true in the case of downwind sails, where the evaluation of the real shapes and aerodynamic forces can be very complex because of turbulent and detached flows and the high-deformable behavior of structures. Of course, numerical methods are very useful and reliable tools to investigate sail performances, and their use, also as a result of the exponential growth of computational resources at a very low cost, is spreading more and more, even in not highly competitive fields. This paper presents a new methodology to support sail designers in evaluating and optimizing downwind sail performance and manufacturing. A new weakly coupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI) procedure has been developed to study downwind sails. The proposed method is parametric and automated and allows for investigating multiple kinds of sails under different sailing conditions. The study of a gennaker of a small sailing yacht is presented as a case study. Based on the numerical results obtained, an analytical formulation for calculating the sail corner loads has been also proposed. The novel proposed methodology could represent a promising approach to allow for the widespread and effective use of numerical methods in the design and manufacturing of yacht sails. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)
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26 pages, 16115 KiB  
Article
VPP Coupling High-Fidelity Analyses and Analytical Formulations for Multihulls Sails and Appendages Optimization
by Ubaldo Cella, Francesco Salvadore, Raffaele Ponzini and Marco Evangelos Biancolini
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(6), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060607 - 1 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2791
Abstract
A procedure for the optimization of a catamaran’s sail plan able to provide a preliminary optimal appendages configuration is described. The method integrates a sail parametric CAD model, an automatic computational domain generator and a Velocity Prediction Program (VPP) based on a combination [...] Read more.
A procedure for the optimization of a catamaran’s sail plan able to provide a preliminary optimal appendages configuration is described. The method integrates a sail parametric CAD model, an automatic computational domain generator and a Velocity Prediction Program (VPP) based on a combination of sail RANS computations and analytical models. The sailing speed and course angle are obtained, with an iterative process, solving the forces and moment equilibrium system of equations. Analytical formulations for the hull forces were developed and tuned against a matrix of CFD solutions. The appendages aerodynamic polars are estimated by applying preliminary design criteria from aerospace literature. The procedure permits us to find the combination of appendages configuration, rudders setting, sail planform, shape and trim that maximise the VMG (Velocity Made Good). Two versions of the sail analysis module were implemented: one adopting commercial software and one based on the use of only Open-Source codes. The solutions of the two modules were compared to evaluate advantages and limitations of the two approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)
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14 pages, 3187 KiB  
Article
Cartesian Mesh Generation with Local Refinement for Immersed Boundary Approaches
by Luca Di Angelo, Francesco Duronio, Angelo De Vita and Andrea Di Mascio
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(6), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060572 - 25 May 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2167
Abstract
In this paper, an efficient and robust Cartesian Mesh Generation with Local Refinement for an Immersed Boundary Approach is proposed, whose key feature is the capability of high Reynolds number simulations by the use of wall function models, bypassing the need for accurate [...] Read more.
In this paper, an efficient and robust Cartesian Mesh Generation with Local Refinement for an Immersed Boundary Approach is proposed, whose key feature is the capability of high Reynolds number simulations by the use of wall function models, bypassing the need for accurate boundary layer discretization. Starting from the discrete manifold model of the object to be analyzed, the proposed model generates Cartesian adaptive grids for a CFD simulation, with minimal user interactions; the most innovative aspect of this approach is that the automatic generation is based on the segmentation of the surfaces enveloping the object to be analyzed. The aim of this paper is to show that this automatic workflow is robust and enables to get quantitative results on geometrically complex configurations such as marine vehicles. To this purpose, the proposed methodology has been applied to the simulation of the flow past a BB2 submarine, discretized by non-uniform grid density. The obtained results are comparable with those obtained by classical body-fitted approaches but with a significant reduction of the time required for the mesh generation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)
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21 pages, 11880 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Longitudinal Rails on an Air Cavity Stepped Planing Hull
by Filippo Cucinotta, Dario Mancini, Felice Sfravara and Francesco Tamburrino
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(5), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050470 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2520
Abstract
The use of ventilated hulls is rapidly expanding. However, experimental and numerical analyses are still very limited, particularly for high-speed vessels and for stepped planing hulls. In this work, the authors present a comparison between towing tank tests and CFD analyses carried out [...] Read more.
The use of ventilated hulls is rapidly expanding. However, experimental and numerical analyses are still very limited, particularly for high-speed vessels and for stepped planing hulls. In this work, the authors present a comparison between towing tank tests and CFD analyses carried out on a single-stepped planing hull provided with forced ventilation on the bottom. The boat has identical geometries to those presented by the authors in other works, but with the addition of longitudinal rails. In particular, the study addresses the effect of the rails on the bottom of the hull, in terms of drag, and the wetted surface assessment. The computational methodology is based on URANS equation with multiphase models for high-resolution interface capture between air and water. The tests have been performed varying seven velocities and six airflow rates and the no-air injection condition. Compared to flat-bottomed hulls, a higher incidence of numerical ventilation and air–water mixing effects was observed. At the same time, no major differences were noted in terms of the ability to drag the flow aft at low speeds. Results in terms of drag reduction, wetted surface, and its shape are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)
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16 pages, 7508 KiB  
Article
Parametric Hull Design with Rational Bézier Curves and Estimation of Performances
by Tommaso Ingrassia, Antonio Mancuso, Vincenzo Nigrelli, Antonio Saporito and Davide Tumino
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(4), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040360 - 27 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3183
Abstract
In this paper, a tool able to support the sailing yacht designer during the early stage of the design process has been developed. Cubic Rational Bézier curves have been selected to describe the main curves defining the hull of a sailing yacht. The [...] Read more.
In this paper, a tool able to support the sailing yacht designer during the early stage of the design process has been developed. Cubic Rational Bézier curves have been selected to describe the main curves defining the hull of a sailing yacht. The adopted approach is based upon the definition of a set of parameters, say the length of waterline, the beam of the waterline, canoe body draft and some dimensionless coefficients according to the traditional way of the yacht designer. Some geometrical constraints imposed on the curves (e.g., continuity, endpoint angles, curvature) have been conceived aimed to avoid unreasonable shapes. These curves can be imported into any commercial Computer Aided Design (CAD) software and used as a frame to fit with a surface. The resistance of the hull can be calculated and plotted in order to have a real time estimation of the performances. The algorithm and the related Graphical User Interface (GUI) have been written in Visual Basic for Excel. To test the usability and the precision of the tool, two existing sailboats with different characteristics have been successfully replicated and a new design, taking advantages of both the hulls, has been developed. The new design shows good performances in terms of resistance values in a wide range of Froude numbers with respect to the original hulls. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)
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11 pages, 9019 KiB  
Article
Visible Fidelity Collector of a Zooplankton Sample from the Near-Bottom of the Deep Sea
by Jing Xiao, Jiawang Chen, Zhenwei Tian, Hai Zhu, Chunsheng Wang, Junyi Yang, Qinghua Sheng, Dahai Zhang and Jiasong Fang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(3), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030332 - 17 Mar 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2077
Abstract
The multi-net visible fidelity zooplankton collector is designed to obtain near-bottom fidelity zooplankton. The collector is sent to the designated sampling location based on the information provided by the camera and altimeter. The host computer sends instructions to control the opening of the [...] Read more.
The multi-net visible fidelity zooplankton collector is designed to obtain near-bottom fidelity zooplankton. The collector is sent to the designated sampling location based on the information provided by the camera and altimeter. The host computer sends instructions to control the opening of the net port for sample collection and closing of the sampling cylinder cover after sampling. The collector contains three trawls so that three samples can be collected for each test, and environmental parameters can be collected simultaneously. After sampling, The sample maintains its fidelity, that is, maintaining the temperature and pressure of the seabed sample after sampling. Two experiments were carried out in the Western Pacific, and six bottles of zooplankton samples were successfully obtained. The development of a multi-net visible zooplankton collector is of great significance for the collection of near-bottom zooplankton. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)
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15 pages, 5359 KiB  
Article
Practical Prediction of the Boil-Off Rate of Independent-Type Storage Tanks
by Dong-Ha Lee, Seung-Joo Cha, Jeong-Dae Kim, Jeong-Hyeon Kim, Seul-Kee Kim and Jae-Myung Lee
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010036 - 1 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3824
Abstract
Because environmentally-friendly fuels such as natural gas and hydrogen are primarily stored in the form of cryogenic liquids to enable efficient transportation, the demand for cryogenic fuel (LNG, LH) ships has been increasing as the primary carriers of environmentally-friendly fuels. In such ships, [...] Read more.
Because environmentally-friendly fuels such as natural gas and hydrogen are primarily stored in the form of cryogenic liquids to enable efficient transportation, the demand for cryogenic fuel (LNG, LH) ships has been increasing as the primary carriers of environmentally-friendly fuels. In such ships, insulation systems must be used to prevent heat inflow to the tank to suppress the generation of boil-off gas (BOG). The presence of BOG can lead to an increased internal pressure, and thus, its control and prediction are key aspects in the design of fuel tanks. In this regard, although the thermal analysis of the phase change through a finite element analysis requires less computational time than that implemented through computational fluid dynamics, the former is relatively more error-prone. Therefore, in this study, a cryogenic fuel tank to be incorporated in ships was established, and the boil-off rate (BOR), measured considering liquid nitrogen, was compared with that obtained using the finite element method. Insulation material with a cubic structure was applied to the cylindrical tank to increase the insulation performance and space efficiency. To predict the BOR through finite element analysis, the effective thermal conductivity was calculated through an empirical correlation and applied to the designed fuel tank. The calculation was predicted to within 1% of the minimum error, and the internal fluid behavior was evaluated by analyzing the vertical temperature profile according to the filling ratio. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)
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22 pages, 13451 KiB  
Article
A Novel Three-SPR Parallel Platform for Vessel Wave Compensation
by Yong Zhan, Huichun Tian, Jianan Xu, Shaofei Wu and Junsheng Fu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(12), 1013; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8121013 - 10 Dec 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2739
Abstract
A wave compensation platform based on 3-SPR parallel platform is designed for marine ships with a dynamic positioning system. It can compensate for the heave, rolling, and pitching movement of a vessel under level 4 sea state. The forward kinematics of the mechanism [...] Read more.
A wave compensation platform based on 3-SPR parallel platform is designed for marine ships with a dynamic positioning system. It can compensate for the heave, rolling, and pitching movement of a vessel under level 4 sea state. The forward kinematics of the mechanism is used to draw the central point position workspace and the attitude workspace of the moving deck of the compensation platform. The compensation effects of the 3-RPS parallel compensation platform and the 3-SPR parallel compensation platform are compared, and the feasibility and superiority of the compensation scheme using the 3-SPR parallel compensation platform are proved. To lower the working height of the upper deck of the compensation platform and reduce the extension range of the support legs, the structure of the compensation platform is optimized, and a novel 3-SPR parallel platform is designed. Finally, a simulation model was established. Using the inverse kinematic model as a compensation movement solver which can online calculate the length of branch legs based on the measured heaving, rolling, and pitching values of vessels, the compensation effect of the new structure under a certain sea state is simulated. The result demonstrated the efficiency of the ship motion decoupling movement of the newly designed compensation platform and proved the competence of it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering)
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