Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
5.2
3.4
Journals
Materials
Special Issues
State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022)
materials-logo
Submit to Materials Review for Materials Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

► Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser
share announcement

State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2022) | Viewed by 32235

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tomasz Tański

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: nanotechnology; thin layers; material properties; structure; heat; surface; plastic treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Przemysław Snopiński

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: additive manufacturing; microstructural analysis; deformation behavior; heat treatment; grain refinement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Materials have shaped civilizations, providing humans with the tools required for their survival. Better materials for tools and weapons have allowed mankind to spread and conquer. The materials we use continue to have a huge impact on our everyday world. They play essential roles, especially in energy use, transportation, human health, and industrial productivity. For this reason, at present we are not only consuming materials more rapidly, but we are using an increasing diversity of materials, which would not have been possible without materials science development. This branch of science developed from metallurgy in the 1950s in the USA. In Poland, the development of materials engineering as the independent branch of science dates back to the late 1960s. Since then, there has been a dynamic development of these research centres, which resulted in their wide specialization. Their scientific achievements are very extensive and valuable. Therefore, it is especially important to present and summarize more than fifty years of materials research and materials science in Poland. In this Special Issue, we will focus and will be interested in receiving manuscript contributions in one or more of the following areas:

  • Metallic materials and their alloys;
  • Surface engineering;
  • Ceramics;
  • Polymers;
  • Nanomaterials;
  • Amorphous materials;
  • Manufacturing processes;
  • Advances in materials characterization.

Kind regards,

Prof. Dr. Tomasz Tański
Dr. Przemyslaw Snopinski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metallic materials
  • surface engineering
  • polymers
  • materials characterization
  • nanomaterials
  • heat treatment
  • plastic deformation

Published Papers (15 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

19 pages, 2777 KiB  
Article
Comparison of CO2 Separation Efficiency from Flue Gases Based on Commonly Used Methods and Materials
by Zenon Ziobrowski and Adam Rotkegel
Materials 2022, 15(2), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020460 - 08 Jan 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2745
Abstract
The comparison study of CO2 removal efficiency from flue gases at low pressures and temperatures is presented, based on commonly used methods and materials. Our own experimental results were compared and analyzed for different methods of CO2 removal from flue gases: [...] Read more.
The comparison study of CO2 removal efficiency from flue gases at low pressures and temperatures is presented, based on commonly used methods and materials. Our own experimental results were compared and analyzed for different methods of CO2 removal from flue gases: absorption in a packed column, adsorption in a packed column and membrane separation on polymeric and ceramic membranes, as well as on the developed supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs). The efficiency and competitiveness comparison of the investigated methods showed that SILMs obtained by coating of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][Ac]) exhibit a high ideal CO2/N2 selectivity of 152, permeability of 2400 barrer and long term stability. Inexpensive and selective SILMs were prepared applying commercial membranes. Under similar experimental conditions, the absorption in aqueous Monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions is much faster than in ionic liquids (ILs), but gas and liquid flow rates in packed column sprayed with IL are limited due to the much higher viscosity and lower diffusion coefficient of IL. For CO2 adsorption on activated carbons impregnated with amine or IL, only a small improvement in the adsorption properties was achieved. The experimental research was compared with the literature data to find a feasible solution based on commercially available methods and materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 7123 KiB  
Article
Surface Roughness after Milling of the Al/CFRP Stacks with a Diamond Tool
by Elżbieta Doluk, Anna Rudawska, Józef Kuczmaszewski and Izabela Miturska-Barańska
Materials 2021, 14(22), 6835; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226835 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1519
Abstract
This study presents the results of research on the surface quality of hybrid sandwich structures after milling with a diamond blade tool. It identifies the effects of feed and machining strategy on the roughness and topography of the surface. It provides an analysis [...] Read more.
This study presents the results of research on the surface quality of hybrid sandwich structures after milling with a diamond blade tool. It identifies the effects of feed and machining strategy on the roughness and topography of the surface. It provides an analysis of Ra and Rz surface roughness parameters as well as Sp, Sz, and Sv surface topography parameters. The processed object was a two-layer sandwich structure consisting of aluminium alloy 2024 and CFRP (carbon fibre-reinforced polymer) composite. The minimum values of the Ra and Rz surface roughness parameters were obtained on the aluminium alloy surface, whereas the maximum values were obtained on the CFRP surface. The same was true for the 3D surface roughness parameters—the lowest values of Sp, Sz, and Sv parameters were obtained on the surface of the metal layer, while the highest values were obtained on the surface of the composite layer (the maximum value of the Sp parameter was an exception). A surface topography analysis has revealed a targeted and periodic pattern of micro-irregularities for the vast majority of the samples considered. The statistical analysis shows that the surface roughness of the aluminium alloy was only affected by the feed rate. For the CFRP, the feed rate and the interaction of milling strategy and feed rate (S × fz) had a statistically significant effect. The obtained results provide a basis for designing such sandwich element processing technology, for which differences in roughness and topography parameters for the component materials are lowest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 5228 KiB  
Article
Effect of Sandblasting on Static and Fatigue Strength of Flash Butt Welded 75Cr4 Bandsaw Blades
by Andrzej Kubit, Łukasz Lenart, Tomasz Trzepieciński, Andrzej Krzysiak and Wojciech Łabuński
Materials 2021, 14(22), 6831; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226831 - 12 Nov 2021
Viewed by 1703
Abstract
The aim of the research presented in this article is analysis of the effect of the surface treatment method on the static and fatigue strength of flash butt welded bandsaw blades. A 1-mm-thick 75Cr1 cold-work tool steel sheet used for bandsaw blades was [...] Read more.
The aim of the research presented in this article is analysis of the effect of the surface treatment method on the static and fatigue strength of flash butt welded bandsaw blades. A 1-mm-thick 75Cr1 cold-work tool steel sheet used for bandsaw blades was used as the test material. Fractographic studies of the fatigue fractures and fractures formed in static tests were also carried out. The static strength tests showed sandblasting the weld surface had no significant effect on the load capacity of the joint. However, the sandblasted specimens showed a higher repeatability of the load capacity (lower standard deviation). In the case of both analyzed sample variants of specimens, sandblasted and non-sandblasted, the number of cycles at which the sample was damaged decreases with the percentage increase of the stress amplitude. When loading the samples with a stress amplitude value in the range between 400 and 690 MPa, sandblasting of the weld surface increased the average value of destructive cycles by about 10–86% (depending on the stress amplitude) compared to non-sandblasted joints. The sandblasting process introduces compressive stresses in the surface layer of the welds, therefore the variable tensile load acting on the sample requires a greater number of cycles before the fatigue cracks initiate and propagate. In the case of all specimens, a ductile fracture was observed. It was also found that, regardless of the variable stress amplitude, sandblasting has a positive effect on reducing the standard deviation of fatigue test results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 14353 KiB  
Article
Modelling of Friction Phenomena Existed in Drawbead in Sheet Metal Forming
by Tomasz Trzepieciński, Andrzej Kubit, Romuald Fejkiel, Łukasz Chodoła, Daniel Ficek and Ireneusz Szczęsny
Materials 2021, 14(19), 5887; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195887 - 08 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1818
Abstract
The article presents the results of friction tests of a 0.8 mm-thick DC04 deep-drawing quality steel sheet. A special friction simulator was used in the tests, reflecting friction conditions occurring while pulling a sheet strip through a drawbead in sheet metal forming. The [...] Read more.
The article presents the results of friction tests of a 0.8 mm-thick DC04 deep-drawing quality steel sheet. A special friction simulator was used in the tests, reflecting friction conditions occurring while pulling a sheet strip through a drawbead in sheet metal forming. The variable parameters in the experimental tests were as follows: surface roughness of countersamples, lubrication conditions, sample orientation in relation to the sheet rolling direction as well as the sample width and height of the drawbead. Due to many factors that affect the value of the coefficient of friction coefficient, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to build and analyse the friction model. Four training algorithms were used to train the ANNs: back propagation, conjugate gradients, quasi-Newton and Levenberg–Marquardt. It was found that for all analysed friction conditions and sheet strip widths, increasing the drawbead height increases the COF value. The chlorine-based Heavy Draw 1150 compound provides a more effective friction reduction compared to a LAN-46 machine oil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3691 KiB  
Article
Anti-Caking Coatings for Improving the Useful Properties of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizers with Composition Modeling Using Box–Behnken Design
by Aleksandra Tyc, Dominik Nieweś, Ewa Pankalla, Marta Huculak-Mączka, Krystyna Hoffmann and Józef Hoffmann
Materials 2021, 14(19), 5761; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195761 - 02 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2730
Abstract
Granular fertilizers (especially those based on ammonium nitrate (AN)) tend to agglomerate during storage. The aims of this research were to develop effective anti-caking coatings for ammonium nitrate fertilizers while improving the quality of fertilizers and to optimize the composition of effective anti-caking [...] Read more.
Granular fertilizers (especially those based on ammonium nitrate (AN)) tend to agglomerate during storage. The aims of this research were to develop effective anti-caking coatings for ammonium nitrate fertilizers while improving the quality of fertilizers and to optimize the composition of effective anti-caking coatings. The influence of the composition of the prepared organic coatings on the effectiveness of preventing the caking of fertilizers was studied by response surface methodology (RSM) using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Additionally, the effect of the developed anti-caking agents on the quality of fertilizers was determined by measuring the crushing strength of the granules. The prepared coatings included fatty amine, stearic acid, surfactant, and paraffin wax. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyze these coatings. The morphology of the fertilizers were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Composition studies, based on statistical assessment, showed the coating components had a varying influence on preventing the caking of fertilizers after granulation and after 30 days of storage. The results demonstrated that increasing the content of fatty amines and reducing surfactant in the composition of coating had positive effects on caking prevention. In this study, more effective and economically viable anti-caking coatings were developed. In addition, the present work could serve as a basis to further improve anti-caking coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 4064 KiB  
Article
Critical Evaluation of Various Spontaneous Polarization Models and Induced Electric Fields in III-Nitride Multi-Quantum Wells
by Ashfaq Ahmad, Pawel Strak, Kamil Koronski, Pawel Kempisty, Konrad Sakowski, Jacek Piechota, Izabella Grzegory, Aleksandra Wierzbicka, Serhii Kryvyi, Eva Monroy, Agata Kaminska and Stanislaw Krukowski
Materials 2021, 14(17), 4935; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14174935 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1756
Abstract
In this paper, ab initio calculations are used to determine polarization difference in zinc blende (ZB), hexagonal (H) and wurtzite (WZ) AlN-GaN and GaN-InN superlattices. It is shown that a polarization difference exists between WZ nitride compounds, while for H and ZB lattices [...] Read more.
In this paper, ab initio calculations are used to determine polarization difference in zinc blende (ZB), hexagonal (H) and wurtzite (WZ) AlN-GaN and GaN-InN superlattices. It is shown that a polarization difference exists between WZ nitride compounds, while for H and ZB lattices the results are consistent with zero polarization difference. It is therefore proven that the difference in Berry phase spontaneous polarization for bulk nitrides (AlN, GaN and InN) obtained by Bernardini et al. and Dreyer et al. was not caused by the different reference phase. These models provided absolute values of the polarization that differed by more than one order of magnitude for the same material, but they provided similar polarization differences between binary compounds, which agree also with our ab initio calculations. In multi-quantum wells (MQWs), the electric fields are generated by the well-barrier polarization difference; hence, the calculated electric fields are similar for the three models, both for GaN/AlN and InN/GaN structures. Including piezoelectric effect, which can account for 50% of the total polarization difference, these theoretical data are in satisfactory agreement with photoluminescence measurements in GaN/AlN MQWs. Therefore, the three models considered above are equivalent in the treatment of III-nitride MQWs and can be equally used for the description of the electric properties of active layers in nitride-based optoelectronic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

10 pages, 4863 KiB  
Article
Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticle Addition on Microstructure and Selected Properties of Ag–xTiO2 Composites
by Anna Wąsik, Beata Leszczyńska-Madej and Marcin Madej
Materials 2021, 14(17), 4846; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14174846 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1410
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of the microstructure and selected properties of silver-based composites reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles, produced by the powder metallurgy method. Pure silver powders were mixed with TiO2 reinforcement (5 and 10 wt%) and 5 [...] Read more.
The paper presents the results of a study of the microstructure and selected properties of silver-based composites reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles, produced by the powder metallurgy method. Pure silver powders were mixed with TiO2 reinforcement (5 and 10 wt%) and 5 mm steel balls (100Cr6) for 270 min in a Turbula T2F mixer to produce a homogeneous mixture. The composites were made in a rigid die with a single-action compaction press under a pressure of 400 MPa and 500 MPa and then sintered under nitrogen atmosphere at 900 °C. Additionally, to improve the density and mechanical properties of the obtained sinters, double pressing and double sintering operations were conducted. As a result, compacts with a density of 90–94% were obtained. The microstructure of the sintered compacts consists of uniform grains, and the TiO2 reinforcement phase particles are located on the grain boundaries. There were no discontinuities at the Ag–TiO2 contact boundary, which was confirmed by SEM and TEM analysis. The use of a higher pressure had a positive effect on the hardness and flexural strength of the tested materials. It was found that the composites with 5 wt% TiO2 pressed under 500 MPa are characterized by the highest level of mechanical properties. The hardness of these composites is 57 HB, while the flexural strength is 163 MPa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 10330 KiB  
Article
Electrical Property Analysis of Textured Ferroelectric Polycrystalline Antimony Sulfoiodide Using Complex Impedance Spectroscopy
by Anna Starczewska, Bartłomiej Toroń, Piotr Szperlich and Marian Nowak
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2579; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14102579 - 15 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2050
Abstract
Antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) is a ferroelectric semiconductor with many interesting physical properties (optical, photoconductive, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, etc.). The electrical properties of textured polycrystalline SbSI obtained by the rapid cooling of a melted mass in liquid nitrogen are presented in this work using ac [...] Read more.
Antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) is a ferroelectric semiconductor with many interesting physical properties (optical, photoconductive, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, etc.). The electrical properties of textured polycrystalline SbSI obtained by the rapid cooling of a melted mass in liquid nitrogen are presented in this work using ac impedance spectroscopy over a wide temperature range (275–500 K) in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 100 kHz. Detailed studies of the impedance Z*(ω), conductivity σ*(ω), electric modulus M*(ω), and dielectric permittivity ε*(ω) of this material were performed using complex impedance spectroscopy for the first time. This study showed that the impedance and related parameters are strongly dependent on temperature. The internal domain structure and the presence of grain boundaries in textured polycrystalline SbSI explain the obtained results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 8590 KiB  
Article
Physical Properties of Electropolished CoCrMo Alloy Coated with Biodegradable Polymeric Coatings Releasing Heparin after Prolonged Exposure to Artificial Urine
by Wojciech Kajzer, Janusz Szewczenko, Anita Kajzer, Marcin Basiaga, Joanna Jaworska, Katarzyna Jelonek, Katarzyna Nowińska, Marcin Kaczmarek and Ada Orłowska
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2551; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14102551 - 14 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1963
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of long-term exposure to artificial urine on the physical properties of CoCrMo alloy with biodegradable heparin-releasing polymeric coatings. Variants of polymer coatings of poly(L,L-lactide-ɛ-caprolactone) (P(L,L-L/CL)) and poly(D,L-lactide-ɛ-caprolactone) (P(D,L-L/CL)) constituting the base for heparin-releasing (HEP) [...] Read more.
In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of long-term exposure to artificial urine on the physical properties of CoCrMo alloy with biodegradable heparin-releasing polymeric coatings. Variants of polymer coatings of poly(L,L-lactide-ɛ-caprolactone) (P(L,L-L/CL)) and poly(D,L-lactide-ɛ-caprolactone) (P(D,L-L/CL)) constituting the base for heparin-releasing (HEP) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coatings were analyzed. The coatings were applied by the dip-coating method. Heparin was used to counteract the incrustation process in the artificial urine. The study included tests of wettability, resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, determination of the mass density of metal ions penetrating into the artificial urine, and the kinetics of heparin release. In addition, microscopic observations of surface roughness and adhesion to the metal substrate were performed. Electrolytically polished CoCrMo samples (as a reference level) and samples with polymer coatings were used for the tests. The tests were conducted on samples in the initial state and after 30, 60, and 90 days of exposure to artificial urine. The analysis of the test results shows that the polymer coatings contribute by improving the resistance of the metal substrate to pitting and crevice corrosion in the initial state and reducing (as compared with the metal substrate) the mass density of metal ion release into the artificial urine. Moreover, the PVA + HEP coating, regardless of the base polymer coatings used, contributes to a reduction in the incrustation process in the first 30 days of exposure to the artificial urine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 2459 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Cement Addition on Water Vapour Resistance Factor of Rammed Earth
by Piotr Narloch, Wojciech Piątkiewicz and Barbara Pietruszka
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092249 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1923
Abstract
The article aims to determine the effect of cement addition on the water vapour resistance factor of stabilized rammed earth. Literature analysis indicates that different earthen materials show large differences in water vapour resistance factor values. The high diffusion resistance of concrete concerning [...] Read more.
The article aims to determine the effect of cement addition on the water vapour resistance factor of stabilized rammed earth. Literature analysis indicates that different earthen materials show large differences in water vapour resistance factor values. The high diffusion resistance of concrete concerning other construction materials suggests that cement will be one of the factors significantly affecting these values. The paper presents water vapour resistance factor test results of rammed earth with various soil particle sizes and cement contents. The obtained results showed that an increase of cement addition increases the diffusion resistance of the material. However, the diffusion resistance of cement stabilized rammed earth is still low compared to concrete. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 11835 KiB  
Article
E-Beam Effects on Poly(Xylitol Dicarboxylate-co-diol Dicarboxylate) Elastomers Tailored by Adjusting Monomer Chain Length
by Marta Piątek-Hnat, Kuba Bomba, Janusz P. Kowalski-Stankiewicz, Jakub Pęksiński, Agnieszka Kozłowska, Jacek G. Sośnicki, Tomasz J. Idzik, Beata Schmidt, Krzysztof Kowalczyk, Marta Walo, Grzegorz Mikołajczak and Agnieszka Kochmańska
Materials 2021, 14(7), 1765; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071765 - 02 Apr 2021
Viewed by 2009
Abstract
Poly(xylitol dicarboxylate-co-diol dicarboxylate) elastomers can by synthesized using wide variety of monomers with different chain lengths. Obtained materials are all biodegradable, thermally stable elastomers, but their specific properties like glass transition temperature, degradation susceptibility, and mechanical moduli can be tailored for a specific [...] Read more.
Poly(xylitol dicarboxylate-co-diol dicarboxylate) elastomers can by synthesized using wide variety of monomers with different chain lengths. Obtained materials are all biodegradable, thermally stable elastomers, but their specific properties like glass transition temperature, degradation susceptibility, and mechanical moduli can be tailored for a specific application. Therefore, we synthesized eight elastomers using a combination of two dicarboxylic acids, namely suberic and sebacic acid, and four different diols, namely ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-buanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol. Materials were further modified by e-beam treatment with a dose of 100 kGy. Materials both before and after radiation modification were tested using tensile tests, gel fraction determination, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Thermal properties were tested by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Thermomechanical Analysis (DMTA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Degradation susceptibility to both enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation was also determined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

22 pages, 5534 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical and X-ray Examinations of Erosion Products during Dressing of Superhard Grinding Wheels Using Alternating Current and Ecological Electrolytes of Low Concentration of Chemical Compounds
by Marcin Gołąbczak, Andrzej Gołąbczak and Barbara Tomczyk
Materials 2021, 14(6), 1375; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061375 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1433
Abstract
This article introduces significant cognitive and usable values in the field of abrasive technology especially in the development of new methods of the electrochemical dressing of superhard grinding wheels with metal bonds. Cognitive values mainly concern the elaboration of the theoretical backgrounds of [...] Read more.
This article introduces significant cognitive and usable values in the field of abrasive technology especially in the development of new methods of the electrochemical dressing of superhard grinding wheels with metal bonds. Cognitive values mainly concern the elaboration of the theoretical backgrounds of the electrochemical digestion of compounds of grinding wheel metal bond and gumming up products of the cutting surface of grinding wheel (CSGW). Cognitive values also deal with determining the mathematical relationships describing the influence of technological conditions of dressing on shaping of cutting abilities of superhard grinding wheels. On the other hand, the useful values refer to the industry implementation of the elaborated method and equipment for the electrochemical dressing of suparhard grinding wheels using alternating current (ECDGW-AC). The cost of the device for the realization of this process is low and can be applied in the production conditions. The novel achievements presented in the article are: the elaboration of a new method and equipment for electrochemical dressing of superhard grinding wheels (ECDGW-AC), the selection of electrolytes of low concentration of chemical compounds, tests concerning the digestion of grinding wheel metal bond compounds and gumming up products of CSGW using X-ray analysis, as well as the determination of chemical reactions taking place during elaborated new dressing process, the elaboration of mathematical relationships describing influence of technological conditions of this process on dressing speed and shaping of cutting abilities of superhard grinding wheels, and the performance of technological tests of dressing of superhard grinding wheels using ECDGW-AC method. The elaborated method can be used in ambient temperature and does not cause thermal damages of abrasive grains of cutting surface of grinding wheel and is useful not only for dressing super hard grinding wheels but also for correcting their geometrical deviations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 8126 KiB  
Article
Ultrasound Effect on the Microstructure and Hardness of AlMg3 Alloy under Upsetting
by Przemysław Snopiński, Tibor Donič, Tomasz Tański, Krzysztof Matus, Branislav Hadzima and Ronald Bastovansky
Materials 2021, 14(4), 1010; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14041010 - 20 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1842
Abstract
To date, numerous investigations have shown the beneficial effect of ultrasonic vibration-assisted forming technology due to its influence on the forming load, flow stress, friction condition reduction and the increase of the metal forming limit. Although the immediate occurring force and mean stress [...] Read more.
To date, numerous investigations have shown the beneficial effect of ultrasonic vibration-assisted forming technology due to its influence on the forming load, flow stress, friction condition reduction and the increase of the metal forming limit. Although the immediate occurring force and mean stress reduction are known phenomena, the underlying effects of ultrasonic-based material softening remain an object of current research. Therefore, in this article, we investigate the effect of upsetting with and without the ultrasonic vibrations (USV) on the evolution of the microstructure, stress relaxation and hardness of the AlMg3 aluminum alloy. To understand the process physics, after the UAC (ultrasonic assisted compression), the microstructures of the samples were analyzed by light and electron microscopy, including the orientation imaging via electron backscatter diffraction. According to the test result, it is found that ultrasonic vibration can reduce flow stress during the ultrasonic-assisted compression (UAC) process for the investigated aluminum–magnesium alloy due to the acoustic softening effect. By comparing the microstructures of samples compressed with and without simultaneous application of ultrasonic vibrations, the enhanced shear banding and grain rotation were found to be responsible for grain refinement enhancement. The coupled action of the ultrasonic vibrations and plastic deformation decreased the grains of AlMg3 alloy from ~270 μm to ~1.52 μm, which has resulted in a hardness enhancement of UAC processed sample to about 117 HV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 18879 KiB  
Article
Bio-Based Packaging Materials Containing Substances Derived from Coffee and Tea Plants
by Olga Olejnik and Anna Masek
Materials 2020, 13(24), 5719; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245719 - 15 Dec 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3012
Abstract
The aim of the research was to obtain intelligent and eco-friendly packaging materials by incorporating innovative additives of plant origin. For this purpose, natural substances, including green tea extract (polyphenon 60) and caffeic acid, were added to two types of biodegradable thermoplastics (Ingeo™ [...] Read more.
The aim of the research was to obtain intelligent and eco-friendly packaging materials by incorporating innovative additives of plant origin. For this purpose, natural substances, including green tea extract (polyphenon 60) and caffeic acid, were added to two types of biodegradable thermoplastics (Ingeo™ Biopolymer PLA 4043D and Bioplast GS 2189). The main techniques used to assess the impact of phytocompounds on materials’ thermal properties were differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA), which confirmed the improved resistance to thermo-oxidation. Moreover, in order to assess the activity of applied antioxidants, the samples were aged using a UV aging chamber and a weathering device, then retested in terms of dynamic mechanical properties (DMA), colour changing, Vicat softening temperature, and chemical structure, as studied using FT-IR spectra analysis. The results revealed that different types of aging did not cause significant differences in thermo-mechanical properties and chemical structure of the samples with natural antioxidants but induced colour changing. The obtained results indicate that polylactide (PLA) and Bioplast GS 2189, the plasticizer free thermoplastic biomaterial containing polylactide and starch (referred to as sPLA in the present article), both with added caffeic acid and green tea extract, can be applied as smart and eco-friendly packaging materials. The composites reveal better thermo-oxidative stability with reference to pure materials and are able to change colour as a result of the oxidation process, especially after UV exposure, providing information about the degree of material degradation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Review

Jump to: Research

27 pages, 75770 KiB  
Review
A Short Review on Various Engineering Applications of Electrospun One-Dimensional Metal Oxides
by Weronika Smok and Tomasz Tański
Materials 2021, 14(18), 5139; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185139 - 07 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2068
Abstract
The growing scientific interest in one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures based on metal-oxide semiconductors (MOS) resulted in the analysis of their structure, properties and fabrication methods being the subject of many research projects and publications all over the world, including in Poland. The application of [...] Read more.
The growing scientific interest in one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures based on metal-oxide semiconductors (MOS) resulted in the analysis of their structure, properties and fabrication methods being the subject of many research projects and publications all over the world, including in Poland. The application of the method of electrospinning with subsequent calcination for the production of these materials is currently very popular, which results from its simplicity and the possibility to control the properties of the obtained materials. The growing trend of industrial application of electrospun 1D MOS and the progress in modern technologies of nanomaterials properties investigations indicate the necessity to maintain the high level of research and development activities related to the structure and properties analysis of low-dimensional nanomaterials. Therefore, this review perfectly fits both the global trends and is a summary of many years of research work in the field of electrospinning carried out in many research units, especially in the Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technology of Silesian University of Technology, as well as an announcement of further activities in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in Poland (2020–2022))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-15
Back to TopTop