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Medicina
Special Issues
Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases
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Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 2507

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuzuru Ohshiro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Director, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Omoromachi Medical Center, Naha City 900-0011, Japan
Interests: diabetes; metabolic diseases; endocrinology; chronic kidney disease; diabetic nephropathy
Prof. Dr. Kunimasa Yagi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 920-0293, Japan
Interests: diabetes; lipoprotein metabolism; diabetic cardiovascular complications; diabetes treatment and education with ICT devices
Dr. Yasuhiro Maeno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
2. The Head of Diabetes & Endocrinology Department, National Hospital Organization Higashiohmi General Medical Center, Higashiohmi, Japan
Interests: diabetes; metabolism; diabetic vascular complications; diabetes treatment in the elderly

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic diseases are emerging as pressing global health crises.

As we continue to recognize the profound impact of these conditions, new therapeutic strategies are rapidly advancing. These strategies include the development of novel drugs (such as weekly insulin, dual GLP-1, and GIP receptor agonists), and triple combinations of GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors, as well as oral GLP-1 receptor agonists. Additionally, the rise of innovative technologies is reshaping our therapeutic approaches in dramatic ways.

In light of these promising advancements, we are thrilled to introduce this Special Issue, “Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases”. We warmly invite you to contribute your pioneering research, insights, and experiences in this dynamic domain.

We are particularly interested in articles that explore the latest drug developments, the influence of new technologies, and their intersections. Real-world data, especially data emphasizing positive outcomes, are also of paramount interest.

We eagerly await your invaluable manuscripts, whether they are original research, reviews, or case reports. Your contributions will play a crucial role in enhancing our collective understanding and addressing these significant health challenges.

Dr. Yuzuru Ohshiro
Prof. Dr. Kunimasa Yagi
Dr. Yasuhiro Maeno
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • metabolic diseases
  • new medicines
  • therapeutic innovations
  • advanced technology
  • weekly insulin
  • GLP-1 receptor agonists
  • real-world data

Published Papers (3 papers)

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21 pages, 4122 KiB  
Article
Effects of Age and Biological Age-Determining Factors on Telomere Length in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
by Jawaria Ali Tariq, KaleemUllah Mandokhail, Naheed Sajjad, Abrar Hussain, Humera Javaid, Aamir Rasool, Hummaira Sadaf, Sadia Javaid and Abdul Rauf Durrani
Medicina 2024, 60(5), 698; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050698 - 24 Apr 2024
Viewed by 249
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Telomere length (TL) undergoes attrition over time, indicating the process of aging, and is linked to a higher risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2). This molecular epidemiological study investigated the correlation between leukocyte TL variations and determinants of molecular [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Telomere length (TL) undergoes attrition over time, indicating the process of aging, and is linked to a higher risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2). This molecular epidemiological study investigated the correlation between leukocyte TL variations and determinants of molecular aging in 121 Pakistani DM-2 patients. Materials and Methods: The ratio of telomere repeats to the SCG copy number was calculated to estimate the TL in each sample through qPCR assays. Results: In this study, smaller mean TLs were observed in 48.8% of males (6.35 ± 0.82 kb), 3.3% of underweight patients (5.77 ± 1.14 kb), 61.2% of patients on regular medication (6.50 ± 0.79 kb), 9.1% with very high stress levels (5.94 ± 0.99 kb), 31.4% of smokers (5.83 ± 0.73 kb), 40.5% of patients with low physical activity (6.47 ± 0.69 kb), 47.9% of hypertensive patients (5.93 ± 0.64 kb), 10.7% of patients with DM-2 for more than 15 years, and 3.3% of patients with a delayed onset of DM-2 (6.00 ± 0.93 kb). Conclusion: This research indicated a significant negative correlation (R2 = 0.143) between TL and the age of DM-2 patients. This study demonstrated that the correlation of telomere length with age in DM-2 patients was also influenced by various age-determining factors, including hypertension and smoking habits, with significant strong (R2 = 0.526) and moderate (R2 = 0.299) correlations, respectively; sex, obesity, the stress level and age at the onset of diabetes with significant weak correlations (R2 = 0.043, 0.041, 0.037, and 0.065, respectively), and no significant correlations of medication routine, rate of physical activity, and the durations of DM-2 with age-adjusted telomere length. These results challenge TL as the sole marker of aging, thus highlighting the need for further research to understand underlying factors and mitigate the effect of aging or premature aging on diabetic patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases)
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10 pages, 493 KiB  
Article
Effects of Switching from Degludec to Glargine U300 in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Type 1 Diabetes: A Retrospective Study
by Toshitaka Sawamura, Shigehiro Karashima, Azusa Ohbatake, Takuya Higashitani, Ai Ohmori, Kei Sawada, Rika Yamamoto, Mitsuhiro Kometani, Yuko Katsuda and Takashi Yoneda
Medicina 2024, 60(3), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030450 - 08 Mar 2024
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Degludec (Deg) and glargine U300 (Gla-300) are insulin analogs with longer and smoother pharmacodynamic action than glargine U100 (Gla-100), a long-acting insulin that has been widely used for many years in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Both improve glycemic [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Degludec (Deg) and glargine U300 (Gla-300) are insulin analogs with longer and smoother pharmacodynamic action than glargine U100 (Gla-100), a long-acting insulin that has been widely used for many years in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Both improve glycemic variability (GV) and the frequency of hypoglycemia, unlike Gla-100. However, it is unclear which insulin analog affects GV and hypoglycemia better in patients with insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes. We evaluated the effects of switching from Deg to Gla-300 on the day-to-day GV and the frequency of hypoglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes treated with Deg-containing basal-bolus insulin therapy (BBT). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 24 patients with insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes whose treatment was switched from Deg-containing BBT to Gla-300-containing BBT. We evaluated the day-to-day GV measured as the standard deviation of fasting blood glucose levels (SD-FBG) calculated by the self-monitoring of blood glucose records, the frequency of hypoglycemia (total, severe, and nocturnal), and blood glucose levels measured as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Results: The characteristics of the patients included in the analysis with high SD-FBG had frequent hypoglycemic events, despite the use of Deg-containing BBT. For this population, SD-FBG and the frequency of nocturnal hypoglycemia decreased after the switch from Deg to Gla-300. Despite the decrease in the frequency of nocturnal hypoglycemia, the FPG and HbA1c did not worsen by the switch. The change in the SD-FBG had a negative correlation with the SD-FBG at baseline and a positive correlation with serum albumin levels. Conclusions: Switching from Deg to Gla-300 improved the SD-FBG and decreased the frequency of nocturnal hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes treated with Deg-containing BBT, especially in cases with low serum albumin levels and a high GV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases)
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13 pages, 1523 KiB  
Article
Improved Glycemic Control through Robot-Assisted Remote Interview for Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
by Kunimasa Yagi, Michiko Inagaki, Yuya Asada, Mako Komatsu, Fuka Ogawa, Tomomi Horiguchi, Naoto Yamaaki, Mikifumi Shikida, Hideki Origasa and Shuichi Nishio
Medicina 2024, 60(2), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60020329 - 15 Feb 2024
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Our research group developed a robot-assisted diabetes self-management monitoring system to support Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialists (CDCESs) in tracking the health status of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Our research group developed a robot-assisted diabetes self-management monitoring system to support Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialists (CDCESs) in tracking the health status of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of this system on glycemic control and to identify suitable candidates for its use. Materials and Methods: After obtaining written informed consent from all participants with T2D, the CDCESs conducted remote interviews with the patients using RoBoHoN. All participants completed a questionnaire immediately after the experiment. HbA1c was assessed at the time of the interview and two months later, and glycemic control status was categorized as either “Adequate” or “Inadequate” based on the target HbA1c levels outlined in the guidelines for adult and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes by the Japan Diabetes Society. Patients who changed their medication regimens within the two months following the interview were excluded from the study. Results: The clinical characteristics of the 28 eligible patients were as follows: 67.9 ± 14.8 years old, 23 men (69%), body mass index (24.7 ± 4.9 kg/m2), and HbA1c levels 7.16 ± 1.11% at interview and two months later. Glycemic control status (GCS) was Adequate (A) to Inadequate (I): 1 case; I to A: 7 cases; A to A good: 14 cases; I to I: 6 cases (p-value = 0.02862 by Chi-square test). Multiple regression analyses showed that Q1 (Did RoBoHoN speak clearly?) and Q7 (Was RoBoHoN’s response natural?) significantly contributed to GCS, indicating that the naturalness of the responses did not impair the robot-assisted interviews. The results suggest that to improve the system in the future, it is more beneficial to focus on the content of the conversation rather than pursuing superficial naturalness in the responses. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the efficacy of a robot-assisted diabetes management system that can contribute to improved glycemic control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases)
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