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Metabolites
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Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome
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Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Metabolomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2024) | Viewed by 10811

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Herbert Ryan Marini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: Mediterranean diet; nutraceuticals; metabolic syndrome; environment; neuroendocrine–immune system; potentially toxic elements
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: 1) high blood glucose, 2) low levels of HDL-cholesterol in the blood, 3) high levels of triglycerides in the blood, 4) large waist circumference, and 5) high blood pressure. Patients with MetS  have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease events and are at increased risk for all-cause mortality. Specifically, MetS increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, which itself is an important risk factor for atherosclerotic disease and may be considered as a coronary heart disease equivalent. MetS also associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gallstones, sleep disturbances, sexual impotence, and numerous forms of cancer, including breast, endometrial, pancreatic, colon, and liver cancer. Lifestyle modifications, especially dietary habits, are the main therapeutic strategy for the treatment and management of MetS, but the most effective dietary pattern for its management has not been established. The goal of this Special Issue is to highlight recent research findings on dietary approaches for MetS and their use as efficient strategies to prevent and treat MetS and its comorbidities.

We welcome submissions of original research articles and reviews focusing on, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Impact of Mediterranean Diet on MetS;
  • Role of different bioactive foods or nutraceuticals in the management of MetS-associated disorders;
  • Gut microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis of the MetS.

Prof. Dr. Herbert Ryan Marini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolic syndrome
  • dietary strategies
  • mediterranean Diet
  • nutraceuticals
  • noncommunicable diseases
  • microbiota

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1750 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Maternal Overweight/Obesity on Serum and Breastmilk Leptin, and Its Associations with Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Health Indices, and Maternal Diet: The BLOOM Study
by Monika A. Zielinska-Pukos, Łukasz Kopiasz and Jadwiga Hamulka
Metabolites 2024, 14(4), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14040221 - 13 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1495
Abstract
In overweight and obese patients, elevated serum and breastmilk leptin concentrations are observed, with serum leptin also being likely affected by the diet. We analyzed serum and breastmilk leptin in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) mothers, and evaluated its associations with (1) [...] Read more.
In overweight and obese patients, elevated serum and breastmilk leptin concentrations are observed, with serum leptin also being likely affected by the diet. We analyzed serum and breastmilk leptin in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) mothers, and evaluated its associations with (1) maternal anthropometric parameters; (2) markers of cardiometabolic health; and (3) the maternal diet. The BLOOM (Breastmilk and the Link to Overweight/Obesity and Maternal diet) study was conducted among 40 women (n = 20 OW/OB; n = 20, NW) who were exclusively or predominantly breastfeeding for 15.5 ± 1.2 (OW/OB group) weeks. We collected 24 h breastmilk and fasting blood samples for leptin analysis by ELISA. Maternal dietary habits were evaluated using a 3-day dietary record and food frequency questionnaire, which were used to calculate the Polish-adapted Mediterranean Diet score. Maternal anthropometric measurements and DEXA scans were performed, and anthropometric and cardiometabolic indices were calculated. The OW mothers had 1.4 times higher serum levels, while OB mothers had 4.5 and 6.2 higher serum and breastmilk leptin levels, respectively, in comparison to the NW mothers. The FM% was correlated with serum and breastmilk leptin levels (r = 0.878, r = 0.638). Serum leptin was associated with markers of cardiometabolic health such as AIP, CMI, and VAI in the NW mothers, and with LAP in the OW/OB mothers. Higher energy, fructose intake and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were associated with serum leptin in the NW mothers (β = 0.323, 0.039–0.608; β = 0.318, 0.065–0.572; β = 0.279, 0.031–0.528); meanwhile, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet could protect against elevated breastmilk leptin concentrations in OW/OB mothers (β = −0.444, −0.839–−0.050), even after adjustment for FM%. Our results suggest a potential association between maternal serum leptin concentrations and cardiometabolic health. In addition, we confirm the importance of healthy dietary patterns in the improvement of breastmilk composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome)
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14 pages, 1738 KiB  
Article
The Efficacy of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus Supplementation in Managing Body Weight and Blood Lipids of People with Overweight: A Randomized Pilot Trial
by Pei-Yi Chu, Ying-Chun Yu, Yi-Cheng Pan, Yun-Hao Dai, Juan-Cheng Yang, Kuo-Chin Huang and Yang-Chang Wu
Metabolites 2024, 14(2), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14020129 - 16 Feb 2024
Viewed by 2391
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) in improving body weight, obesity-related outcomes, and lipid profiles of overweight people. Thirty-six overweight participants were randomly assigned to either a probiotic or a placebo group. A [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) in improving body weight, obesity-related outcomes, and lipid profiles of overweight people. Thirty-six overweight participants were randomly assigned to either a probiotic or a placebo group. A placebo powder or L. bulgaricus powder (containing 1 × 108 colony-forming unit (CFU) of the probiotic) was administered daily for 12 weeks. Body composition was determined, and blood tests were performed before and after the intervention. L. bulgaricus supplementation under the present condition did not affect the body weight, fat percentage, or body mass index (BMI) of the participants, while it resulted in a notable decrease in blood triglyceride (TG) levels, which corresponded to a lowering of the TG proportion in the composition of large VLDL (L–XXL sized fractions) and HDL (M and L fractions) in the probiotic-treated group. These results suggest that L. bulgaricus supplementation under the current conditions may not be helpful for losing weight, but it has the potential to decrease blood TG levels by modulating TG accumulation in or transport by VLDL/HDL in obese patients. L. bulgaricus supplements may have health-promoting properties in preventing TG-related diseases in overweight people. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome)
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15 pages, 6895 KiB  
Article
Akkermansia muciniphila Ameliorates Alcoholic Liver Disease in Experimental Mice by Regulating Serum Metabolism and Improving Gut Dysbiosis
by Cheng Fang, Jinyan Cheng, Wei Jia and Yan Xu
Metabolites 2023, 13(10), 1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101057 - 7 Oct 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2234
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) represents a significant global health concern, yet the available treatment options remain limited. Numerous studies have shown that gut microbiota is a critical target for the treatment of ALD. Additionally, there is increasing evidence that host metabolism also plays [...] Read more.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) represents a significant global health concern, yet the available treatment options remain limited. Numerous studies have shown that gut microbiota is a critical target for the treatment of ALD. Additionally, there is increasing evidence that host metabolism also plays a crucial role in the development of ALD. Akkermansia muciniphila has been demonstrated to ameliorate experimental ALD through its modulatory effects on the intestinal vascular barrier, enhancement of mucus layer thickness, and promotion of intestinal tight junction proteins. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of studies investigating the impact of A. muciniphila on host metabolism and gut microbiota. Here, C57BL/6 mice were utilized to establish a modified NIAAA model in order to investigate the impact of the oral administration of A. muciniphila during the development of ALD. Furthermore, we employed targeted metabolomics to analyze the serum metabolomic profiles of the mice and 2bRAD-M sequencing to comprehensively examine the underlying mechanisms of the efficacy of A. muciniphila on ALD. Our results illustrated that the oral administration of A. muciniphila alleviated alcohol-induced liver injury in conjunction with encouraged serum levels of ornithine and diminished the elevation of oxalic acid levels induced by alcohol intake. In addition, A. muciniphila also inhibited the proliferation of harmful bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Helicobacter hepaticus, induced by alcohol consumption while promoting the growth of butyrate-producing and commensal bacteria, including Paramuribaculum intestinale and Bacteroides ovatus. In conclusion, this study suggests that A. muciniphila restores ALD by regulating the gut microbiota, and this corrective effect is associated with alterations in the serum metabolism. Our research supplies a theoretical basis for developing A. muciniphila as an innovative generation of probiotic for preventing and managing ALD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome)
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18 pages, 1333 KiB  
Article
Short-Term Effects of Fruit Juice Enriched with Vitamin D3, n-3 PUFA, and Probiotics on Glycemic Responses: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Healthy Adults
by Nikolaos Zacharodimos, Christina Athanasaki, Stamatia Vitsou-Anastasiou, Olga S. Papadopoulou, Natalia Moniaki, Agapi I. Doulgeraki, George-John E. Nychas, Chrysoula C. Tassou and Emilia Papakonstantinou
Metabolites 2023, 13(7), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13070791 - 25 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1728
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the glycemic index (GI) of a commercial mixed fruit juice (apple, orange, grape, and pomegranate; FJ) fortified with vitamin D3 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or probiotics, and their combination, and their effects on glycemic responses and [...] Read more.
This study aimed to determine the glycemic index (GI) of a commercial mixed fruit juice (apple, orange, grape, and pomegranate; FJ) fortified with vitamin D3 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or probiotics, and their combination, and their effects on glycemic responses and salivary insulin concentrations. In a randomized controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 11 healthy participants (25 ± 2 years; five women; body mass index = 23 ± 1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive five types of FJs [vitD (with vitamin D3); n-3 (with n-3 PUFA); probiotics (with Lacticaseibacillus casei Shirota and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG); vitD-n-3-probiotics FJ (combination of vitD3-n-3-probiotics), control (regular FJ)], all containing 50 g available carbohydrate, and glucose as reference drink. All FJs provided low GI values (control: 54; vitD3: 52; n-3: 51; probiotics: 50; and vitD-n-3-probiotics combination: 52, on glucose scale). Compared to the FJ control, the enriched FJs produced different postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses and affected satiety scores. All FJ types, regardless of the added biofunctional ingredients, attenuated postprandial glycemic responses, which may offer advantages to glycemic control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome)
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Review

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18 pages, 2255 KiB  
Review
Nutraceuticals as Alternative Approach against Cadmium-Induced Kidney Damage: A Narrative Review
by Herbert Ryan Marini, Federica Bellone, Antonino Catalano, Giovanni Squadrito, Antonio Micali, Domenico Puzzolo, José Freni, Giovanni Pallio and Letteria Minutoli
Metabolites 2023, 13(6), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13060722 - 2 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1788
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) represents a public health risk due to its non-biodegradability and long biological half-life. The main target of Cd is the kidney, where it accumulates. In the present narrative review, we assessed experimental and clinical data dealing with the mechanisms of kidney [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) represents a public health risk due to its non-biodegradability and long biological half-life. The main target of Cd is the kidney, where it accumulates. In the present narrative review, we assessed experimental and clinical data dealing with the mechanisms of kidney morphological and functional damage caused by Cd and the state of the art about possible therapeutic managements. Intriguingly, skeleton fragility related to Cd exposure has been demonstrated to be induced both by a direct Cd toxic effect on bone mineralization and by renal failure. Our team and other research groups studied the possible pathophysiological molecular pathways induced by Cd, such as lipid peroxidation, inflammation, programmed cell death, and hormonal kidney discrepancy, that, through further molecular crosstalk, trigger serious glomerular and tubular injury, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, CKD is associated with the presence of dysbiosis, and the results of recent studies have confirmed the altered composition and functions of the gut microbial communities in CKD. Therefore, as recent knowledge demonstrates a strong connection between diet, food components, and CKD management, and also taking into account that gut microbiota are very sensitive to these biological factors and environmental pollutants, nutraceuticals, mainly present in foods typical of the Mediterranean diet, can be considered a safe therapeutic strategy in Cd-induced kidney damage and, accordingly, could help in the prevention and treatment of CKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome)
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