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Micromachines
Special Issues
Recent Progress of Lab-on-a-Chip Assays
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Recent Progress of Lab-on-a-Chip Assays

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 6681

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Binfeng Yin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
Interests: microfluidics; point-of-care devices; biosensing; immunoassay; in vitro diagnosis (IVD)
Dr. Chaouiki Abdelkarim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
Interests: analytical chemistry; nanomaterial fabrication; density functional theory; surface modification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiaodong Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, University of Macau, Zhuhai 519080, China
Interests: analytical chemistry; food safety detection; microfluidic chip; nanomaterial application
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pan Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Interests: BioMEMS; microfluidics and nanofluidics; micro/nano device design and fabrication
Dr. Biao Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Interests: biosecurity and control; food safety; biosensors; immunoassay; nanomaterials; point-of-care testing; lateral flow assays and food science
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

This Special Issue of Micromachines, titled “Lab-on-a-Chip Assays”, hopes to cover all aspects of the microfluidic platform applied to sensors, including original research and review papers to be considered for publication. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight 3D printed devices, wearable devices, biosensors, point-of-care testing, lateral flow assays, immunoassay and nanomaterials. We invite the submission of full research papers, review articles and communications covering the related topics. Lab-on-a-chip assays (LoCAs) are a promising strategy for analysis, including food safety detection, environmental analysis and clinical diagnostics. LoCAs are integrated into small devices to build wearable devices that provide an important basis, for example for the real-time monitoring of athletes’ movements (blood glucose, pH, etc). Meanwhile, LoCA devices and sensors for bioanalysis, point-of-care testing and wearable sensors are also gaining popularity.

We look forward to receiving your contributions. 

Dr. Binfeng Yin
Dr. Chaouiki Abdelkarim
Dr. Xiaodong Lin
Dr. Pan Zhang
Dr. Biao Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D printed devices
  • wearable devices
  • biosensors
  • point-of-care testing
  • lateral flow assays
  • immunoassay
  • nanomaterials
  • additive manufacturing.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5357 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Convection and Molecular Transport into Film Stacked Structures by Introduction of Notch Shape for Micro-Immunoassay
by Daiki Arai, Satoshi Ogata, Tetsuhide Shimizu and Ming Yang
Micromachines 2024, 15(5), 613; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15050613 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 215
Abstract
A 3D-stack microfluidic device that can be used in combination with 96-well plates for micro-immunoassay was developed by the authors. ELISA for detecting IgA by the 3D-stack can be performed in one-ninth of the time of the conventional method by using only 96-well [...] Read more.
A 3D-stack microfluidic device that can be used in combination with 96-well plates for micro-immunoassay was developed by the authors. ELISA for detecting IgA by the 3D-stack can be performed in one-ninth of the time of the conventional method by using only 96-well plates. In this study, a notched-shape film was designed and utilized for the 3D-stack to promote circulation by enhancing and utilizing the axial flow and circumferential flow in order to further reduce the reaction time. A finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the axial flow and circumferential flow while using the 3D-stack in a well and design the optimal shape. The 3D-stack with the notched-shape film was fabricated and utilized for the binding rate test of the antibody and antigen and ELISA. As a result, by promoting circulation using 3D-stack with notched-shape film, the reaction time for each process of ELISA was reduced to 1 min, which is 1/60 for 96 wells at low concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Lab-on-a-Chip Assays)
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18 pages, 2814 KiB  
Article
Protein-Based Anchoring Methods for Nucleic Acid Detection in Lateral Flow Format Assays
by Kira Hallerbach, Khadijeh Khederlou, Lael Wentland, Lana Senten, Steven Brentano, Brian Keefe and Elain Fu
Micromachines 2023, 14(10), 1936; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101936 - 16 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1307
Abstract
The use of lateral flow assays to detect nucleic acid targets has many applications including point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety. A sandwich format, similar to that in protein immunoassays, is often used to capture the target nucleic acid sequence with an [...] Read more.
The use of lateral flow assays to detect nucleic acid targets has many applications including point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety. A sandwich format, similar to that in protein immunoassays, is often used to capture the target nucleic acid sequence with an immobilized complementary strand anchored to a substrate, and then to visualize this event using a complementary label nucleic acid bound to a nanoparticle label. A critical component of high-sensitivity nucleic acid detection is to utilize high-density capture surfaces for the effective capture of target nucleic acid. Multiple methods have been reported, including the use of streptavidin-based protein anchors that can be adsorbed to the lateral flow substrate and that can utilize the high-affinity streptavidin–biotin linkage to bind biotinylated nucleic acid capture sequences for subsequent target nucleic acid binding. However, these protein anchors have not been systematically characterized for use in the context of nucleic acid detection. In this work, we characterize several protein-based anchors on nitrocellulose for (i) capturing the robustness of the attachment of the protein anchor, (ii) capturing nucleic acid density, and (iii) targeting nucleic acid capture. Further, we demonstrate the signal gains in target nucleic acid hybridization made by increasing the density of capture nucleic acid on a nitrocellulose substrate using multiple applications of protein loading onto nitrocellulose. Finally, we use our high-density capture surfaces to demonstrate high-sensitivity nucleic acid detection in a lateral flow assay (in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 sequence), achieving a LOD of approximately 0.2 nM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Lab-on-a-Chip Assays)
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16 pages, 6623 KiB  
Article
Two−Dimensional Planar Penta−NiPN with Ultrahigh Carrier Mobility and Its Potential Application in NO and NO2 Gas Sensing
by Hao Wang, Gang Li, Jun-Hui Yuan, Jiafu Wang, Pan Zhang and Yahui Shan
Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1407; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071407 - 12 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1078
Abstract
Two−dimensional (2D) materials with novel structures and electronic properties are promising candidates for the next generation of micro− and nano−electronic devices. Herein, inspired by the recent experimental synthesis of penta−NiN2 (ACS Nano, 2021, 15, 13539–13546), we propose for the first [...] Read more.
Two−dimensional (2D) materials with novel structures and electronic properties are promising candidates for the next generation of micro− and nano−electronic devices. Herein, inspired by the recent experimental synthesis of penta−NiN2 (ACS Nano, 2021, 15, 13539–13546), we propose for the first time a novel ternary penta−NiPN monolayer with high stability by partial element substitution. Our predicted penta−NiPN monolayer is a quasi−direct bandgap (1.237 eV) semiconductor with ultrahigh carrier mobilities (103–105 cm2V−1s−1). Furthermore, we systematically studied the adsorption properties of common gas molecules (CO, CO2, CH4, H2, H2O, H2S, N2, NO, NO2, NH3, and SO2) on the penta−NiPN monolayer and its effects on electronic properties. According to the energetic, geometric, and electronic analyses, the penta−NiPN monolayer is predicted to be a promising candidate for NO and NO2 molecules. The excellent electronic properties of and the unique selectivity of the penta−NiPN monolayer for NO and NO2 adsorption suggest that it has high potential in advanced electronics and gas sensing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Lab-on-a-Chip Assays)
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10 pages, 3757 KiB  
Article
Research on Integrated 3D Printing of Microfluidic Chips
by Chuang Wu, Jiju Sun and Binfeng Yin
Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1302; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071302 - 25 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1286
Abstract
Microfluidic chips have the advantages of miniaturization, integration, and portability, and are widely used in the early diagnosis of major diseases, personalized medical treatment, environmental detection, health quarantine, and other fields. The existing microfluidic chip manufacturing process is difficult to operate because of [...] Read more.
Microfluidic chips have the advantages of miniaturization, integration, and portability, and are widely used in the early diagnosis of major diseases, personalized medical treatment, environmental detection, health quarantine, and other fields. The existing microfluidic chip manufacturing process is difficult to operate because of complex three-dimensional channels, complicated manufacturing steps, limited printing materials, the difficulty of operating the bonding process, and the need to purchase expensive new equipment. In this paper, an integrated molding method for microfluidic chips that integrates 3D printing and polymer dissolution technology is proposed. First, the channel mold of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or high impact polystyrene (HIPS) is dissolved to complete the manufacturing of the microfluidic chip channel. The integrated 3D-forming method of microfluidic chips proposed in this paper can manufacture microchannels inside the microfluidic chip, avoid the bonding process, and eliminate the need for rapid alignment of microchannels, material modification, and other operations, thus improving the stability of the process. Finally, by comparing the microchannels made by PVA and HIPS, it is concluded that the quality of the microchannels made by HIPS is obviously better than that made by PVA. This paper provides a new idea for the fabrication of microfluidic chips and the application of HIPS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Lab-on-a-Chip Assays)
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13 pages, 7640 KiB  
Article
Effect of Flow Velocity on Laminar Flow in Microfluidic Chips
by Chuang Wu, Haithm Yahya Mohammed Almuaalemi, A. S. M. Muhtasim Fuad Sohan and Binfeng Yin
Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1277; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071277 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1996
Abstract
Gel fibers prepared based on microfluidic laminar flow technology have important research value in constructing biomimetic scaffolds and tissue engineering. The key point of microfluidic laminar flow technology is to find the appropriate fluid flow rate in the micropipe. In order to explore [...] Read more.
Gel fibers prepared based on microfluidic laminar flow technology have important research value in constructing biomimetic scaffolds and tissue engineering. The key point of microfluidic laminar flow technology is to find the appropriate fluid flow rate in the micropipe. In order to explore the influence of flow rate on the laminar flow phenomenon of a microfluidic chip, a microfluidic chip composed of an intermediate main pipe and three surrounding outer pipes are designed, and the chip is prepared by photolithography and the composite molding method. Then, a syringe pump is used to inject different fluids into the microtubing, and the data of fluid motion are obtained through fluid dynamics simulation and finite element analysis. Finally, a series of optimal adjustments are made for different fluid composition and flow rate combinations to achieve the fluid’s stable laminar flow state. It was determined that when the concentration of sodium alginate in the outer phase was 1 wt% and the concentration of CaCl2 in the inner phase was 0.1 wt%, the gel fiber prepared was in good shape, the flow rate was the most stable, and laminar flow was the most obvious when the flow rate of both was 1 mL/h. This study represents a preliminary achievement in exploring the laminar flow rate and fabricating gel fibers, thus offering significant reference value for investigating microfluidic laminar flow technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Lab-on-a-Chip Assays)
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