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Micromachines
Special Issues
Microelectrodes and Microdevices for Electrochemical Applications
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Microelectrodes and Microdevices for Electrochemical Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "C：Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 October 2024 | Viewed by 2087

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chen Peng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
Interests: electrochemical CO2/CO reduction; rechargeable batteries
Dr. Pengtang Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
Interests: design of cost-effective nanocatalysts for small-molecule conversion and green fuel production

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, microelectrodes are among the most important structures in microdevices and are widely employed in electrochemical applications. Several factors need to be considered when designing and fabricating an efficient microelectrode, including its component, structure and morphology, as well as the interphase between it and the targeted molecules (i.e., the dissolved CO2). They are strongly associated with the transfer rate of both the mass (i.e., H+ in acidic electrolyte) and electron, and the adsorption/desorption strength of the initial targeted molecules, subsequent intermediates and final product, thus significantly influencing the performance of the entire microdevice. In recent years, numerous studies have focused on the design and optimization of microelectrodes in order to improve the mass/electron transfer and adsorption/desorption strength of intermediates, and have made many breakthroughs in electrochemical applications, such as electrolysis, electrosynthesis, batteries and sensors. Of course, there are also significant challenges facing these fields, including precisely constructing unique, or manufacturing homogeneous, microelectrodes and microdevices. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, communications, and review articles that focus on the novel design, fabrication and modeling of microelectrodes and microdevices in electrochemical applications, including electrocatalysis, electrosynthesis, batteries, sensors, chips and so on.

Dr. Chen Peng
Dr. Pengtang Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microelectrode
  • microdevices
  • electrochemical applications
  • electrocatalysis
  • electrosynthesis
  • batteries
  • sensors
  • chips

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 5760 KiB  
Article
Deposition of FeOOH Layer on Ultrathin Hematite Nanoflakes to Promote Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
by Wenyao Zhang, Ya Zhang, Xiao Miao, Ling Zhao and Changqing Zhu
Micromachines 2024, 15(3), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15030387 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 644
Abstract
Hematite is one of the most promising photoanode materials for the study of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting because of its ideal bandgap with sufficient visible light absorption and stability in alkaline electrolytes. However, owing to the intrinsically high electron-hole recombination, the PEC performance [...] Read more.
Hematite is one of the most promising photoanode materials for the study of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting because of its ideal bandgap with sufficient visible light absorption and stability in alkaline electrolytes. However, owing to the intrinsically high electron-hole recombination, the PEC performance of hematite is still far below that expected. The efficient charge separation can be achieved via growth of FeOOH on hematite photoanode. In this study, hematite nanostructures were successfully grown on the surface of iron foil by the simple immersion deposition method and thermal oxidation treatment. Furthermore, cocatalyst FeOOH was successfully added to the hematite nanostructure surface to improve charge separation and charge transfer, and thus promote the photoelectrochemical water splitting. By utilizing the FeOOH overlayer as a cocatalyst, the photocurrent density of hematite exhibited a substantial 86% increase under 1.5 VRHE, while the onset potential showed an apparent shift towards the cathodic direction. This can be ascribed to the high reaction area for the nanostructured morphology and high electrocatalytic activity of FeOOH that enhanced the amount of photogenerated holes and accelerated the kinetics of water splitting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microelectrodes and Microdevices for Electrochemical Applications)
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12 pages, 2631 KiB  
Article
Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Cd2+ via Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry
by Noel Manring, Miriam Strini, Gene Koifman, Jessica L. Smeltz and Pavithra Pathirathna
Micromachines 2024, 15(3), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15030294 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 895
Abstract
Neurotoxic heavy metals, such as Cd2+, pose a significant global health concern due to their increased environmental contamination and subsequent detrimental health hazards they pose to human beings. These metal ions can breach the blood-brain barrierblood–brain barrier, leading to severe and [...] Read more.
Neurotoxic heavy metals, such as Cd2+, pose a significant global health concern due to their increased environmental contamination and subsequent detrimental health hazards they pose to human beings. These metal ions can breach the blood-brain barrierblood–brain barrier, leading to severe and often irreversible damage to the central nervous system and other vital organs. Therefore, developing a highly sensitive, robust, and rapid in vivo detection method for these hazardous heavy metal ions is of the utmost importance for early detection, thus initiating timely therapeutics. Detecting ultra-low levels of toxic metal ions in vivo and obtaining accurate speciation information remains a challenge with conventional analytical techniques. In this study, we fabricated a novel carbon carbon-fiber microelectrode (CFM)-based sensor that can detect Cd2+ ions using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry by electrodepositing gold nanoparticles (AuNP). We optimized electrochemical parameters that generate a unique cyclic voltammogram (CV) of Cd2+ at a temporal resolution of 100 ms with our novel sensor. All our experiments were performed in tris buffer that mimics the artificial cerebellum fluid. We established a calibration curve resulting in a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µM with a corresponding sensitivity of 418.02 nA/ µM. The sensor’s selectivity was evaluated in the presence of other metal ions, and it was noteworthy to observe that the sensor retained its ability to produce the distinctive Cd2+ CV, even when the concentration of other metal ions was 200 times higher than that of Cd2+. We also found that our sensor could detect free Cd2+ ions in the presence of complexing agents. Furthermore, we analyzed the solution chemistry of each of those Cd2+–ligand solutions using a geochemical model, PHREEQC. The concentrations of free Cd2+ ions determined through our electrochemical data align well with geochemical modeling data, thus validating the response of our novel sensor. Furthermore, we reassessed our sensor’s LOD in tris buffer based on the concentration of free Cd2+ ions determined through PHREEQC analysis, revealing an LOD of 0.00132 µM. We also demonstrated the capability of our sensor to detect Cd2+ ions in artificial urine samples, showcasing its potential for application in actual biological samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first AuNP-modified, CFM-based Cd2+ sensor capable of detecting ultra-low concentrations of free Cd2+ ions in different complex matrices, including artificial urine at a temporal resolution of 100 ms, making it an excellent analytical tool for future real-time, in vivo detection, particularly in the brain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microelectrodes and Microdevices for Electrochemical Applications)
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