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Micromachines
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Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices
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Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 9065

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Suvajyoti Guha

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Guest Editor
Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Interests: bioaerosols; medical devices; microfluidics; medical countermeasures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Darwin R. Reyes

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Guest Editor
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
Interests: microfluidics; biomedical engineering; cell biology; cell imaging; tissue engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many microfluidic-based medical devices contact blood to diagnose or treat diseases. Therefore, it is critical to understand the hemodynamics within microchannels and the technical challenges that device developers and manufacturers face on the path to commercialization. This Special Issue intends to discuss common flow-related concepts and challenges occurring in microfluidics with biomedical applications. We welcome papers on biomedical topics such as interactions between blood and microfluidic materials, computational fluid dynamics modeling of non-Newtonian flow in microchannels, sample loading, microfluidic pumping and mixing, cell isolation and separation in microchannels, active and passive forces to manipulate blood flow, blood element damage, clotting, microscale leakage testing, bubble formation, transport and filtering of blood using microfluidics, plug-and-play platforms for blood sample analysis, pre-clinical or clinical studies involving microfluidic systems, sensing techniques, hemocompatibility studies in microchannels, and device failure modes. Medical device companies with products on the market or nearing clinical use are also encouraged to submit articles for this Special Issue. The hope is that this collection of papers will stimulate the growth of key microfluidic technologies emerging in the medical device community and lead to the harmonization of commonly used test methods for evaluating the safety and performance of microfluidic medical devices.

Dr. Suvajyoti Guha
Dr. Darwin Reyes-Hernandez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microfluidics
  • biomedical
  • cell isolation
  • blood
  • flow
  • diagnostic
  • medical device
  • pumping
  • flow sensor

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 1665 KiB  
Article
A Systematic Analysis of Recent Technology Trends of Microfluidic Medical Devices in the United States
by Rucha Natu, Luke Herbertson, Grazziela Sena, Kate Strachan and Suvajyoti Guha
Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071293 - 24 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1771
Abstract
In recent years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has seen an increase in microfluidic medical device submissions, likely stemming from recent advancements in microfluidic technologies. This recent trend has only been enhanced during the COVID-19 pandemic, as microfluidic-based test kits have [...] Read more.
In recent years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has seen an increase in microfluidic medical device submissions, likely stemming from recent advancements in microfluidic technologies. This recent trend has only been enhanced during the COVID-19 pandemic, as microfluidic-based test kits have been used for diagnosis. To better understand the implications of this emerging technology, device submissions to the FDA from 2015 to 2021 containing microfluidic technologies have been systematically reviewed to identify trends in microfluidic medical applications, performance tests, standards used, fabrication techniques, materials, and flow systems. More than 80% of devices with microfluidic platforms were found to be diagnostic in nature, with lateral flow systems accounting for about 35% of all identified microfluidic devices. A targeted analysis of over 40,000 adverse event reports linked to microfluidic technologies revealed that flow, operation, and data output related failures are the most common failure modes for these device types. Lastly, this paper highlights key considerations for developing new protocols for various microfluidic applications that use certain analytes (e.g., blood, urine, nasal-pharyngeal swab), materials, flow, and detection mechanisms. We anticipate that these considerations would help facilitate innovation in microfluidic-based medical devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices)
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Review

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36 pages, 9094 KiB  
Review
Microfluidic Blood Separation: Key Technologies and Critical Figures of Merit
by Karina Torres-Castro, Katherine Acuña-Umaña, Leonardo Lesser-Rojas and Darwin R. Reyes
Micromachines 2023, 14(11), 2117; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14112117 - 18 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1555
Abstract
Blood is a complex sample comprised mostly of plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and other cells whose concentrations correlate to physiological or pathological health conditions. There are also many blood-circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and various pathogens, that can be [...] Read more.
Blood is a complex sample comprised mostly of plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and other cells whose concentrations correlate to physiological or pathological health conditions. There are also many blood-circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and various pathogens, that can be used as measurands to diagnose certain diseases. Microfluidic devices are attractive analytical tools for separating blood components in point-of-care (POC) applications. These platforms have the potential advantage of, among other features, being compact and portable. These features can eventually be exploited in clinics and rapid tests performed in households and low-income scenarios. Microfluidic systems have the added benefit of only needing small volumes of blood drawn from patients (from nanoliters to milliliters) while integrating (within the devices) the steps required before detecting analytes. Hence, these systems will reduce the associated costs of purifying blood components of interest (e.g., specific groups of cells or blood biomarkers) for studying and quantifying collected blood fractions. The microfluidic blood separation field has grown since the 2000s, and important advances have been reported in the last few years. Nonetheless, real POC microfluidic blood separation platforms are still elusive. A widespread consensus on what key figures of merit should be reported to assess the quality and yield of these platforms has not been achieved. Knowing what parameters should be reported for microfluidic blood separations will help achieve that consensus and establish a clear road map to promote further commercialization of these devices and attain real POC applications. This review provides an overview of the separation techniques currently used to separate blood components for higher throughput separations (number of cells or particles per minute). We present a summary of the critical parameters that should be considered when designing such devices and the figures of merit that should be explicitly reported when presenting a device’s separation capabilities. Ultimately, reporting the relevant figures of merit will benefit this growing community and help pave the road toward commercialization of these microfluidic systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices)
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26 pages, 2494 KiB  
Review
Porous Structural Microfluidic Device for Biomedical Diagnosis: A Review
by Luyao Chen, Xin Guo, Xidi Sun, Shuming Zhang, Jing Wu, Huiwen Yu, Tongju Zhang, Wen Cheng, Yi Shi and Lijia Pan
Micromachines 2023, 14(3), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14030547 - 26 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2178
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently received more and more attention in applications such as biomedical, chemical and medicine. With the development of microelectronics technology as well as material science in recent years, microfluidic devices have made great progress. Porous structures as a discontinuous medium in [...] Read more.
Microfluidics has recently received more and more attention in applications such as biomedical, chemical and medicine. With the development of microelectronics technology as well as material science in recent years, microfluidic devices have made great progress. Porous structures as a discontinuous medium in which the special flow phenomena of fluids lead to their potential and special applications in microfluidics offer a unique way to develop completely new microfluidic chips. In this article, we firstly introduce the fabrication methods for porous structures of different materials. Then, the physical effects of microfluid flow in porous media and their related physical models are discussed. Finally, the state-of-the-art porous microfluidic chips and their applications in biomedicine are summarized, and we present the current problems and future directions in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices)
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25 pages, 8809 KiB  
Review
Advances in BBB on Chip and Application for Studying Reversible Opening of Blood–Brain Barrier by Sonoporation
by Yicong Cai, Kexin Fan, Jiawei Lin, Lin Ma and Fenfang Li
Micromachines 2023, 14(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010112 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2984
Abstract
The complex structure of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which blocks nearly all large biomolecules, hinders drug delivery to the brain and drug assessment, thus decelerating drug development. Conventional in vitro models of BBB cannot mimic some crucial features of BBB in vivo including [...] Read more.
The complex structure of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which blocks nearly all large biomolecules, hinders drug delivery to the brain and drug assessment, thus decelerating drug development. Conventional in vitro models of BBB cannot mimic some crucial features of BBB in vivo including a shear stress environment and the interaction between different types of cells. There is a great demand for a new in vitro platform of BBB that can be used for drug delivery studies. Compared with in vivo models, an in vitro platform has the merits of low cost, shorter test period, and simplicity of operation. Microfluidic technology and microfabrication are good tools in rebuilding the BBB in vitro. During the past decade, great efforts have been made to improve BBB penetration for drug delivery using biochemical or physical stimuli. In particular, compared with other drug delivery strategies, sonoporation is more attractive due to its minimized systemic exposure, high efficiency, controllability, and reversible manner. BBB on chips (BOC) holds great promise when combined with sonoporation. More details and mechanisms such as trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements and dynamic opening of tight junctions can be figured out when using sonoporation stimulating BOC, which will be of great benefit for drug development. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in BOC and sonoporation for BBB disruption with this in vitro platform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices)
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