Microfluidic Machines, Volume II

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2021) | Viewed by 12041

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
Interests: microsystems; sensing (inertial, flow, load, strain); design of MEMS; data processing; modeling of coupled micro and macro systems; packaging of microsensors; MEMS for turbulence control; microfabrication; non-conventional microfabrication; rapid prototyping; migration from auto to aero; reliability of MEMS; failure models; test methodologies
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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Interests: bio-applications of MEMS and micro-fluidic devices; micro-fabrication; separation and manipulation of living cells; micro-sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past decade, microfluidics has been witnessing major progress in terms of fabrication techniques, materials used, and applications. The scope of this Special Issue is to gather a collection of substantial contributions to the fundamentals and applications of fluid dynamics in microscale machines. This includes microfluidics for applications in life sciences, manufacturing, pharmaceutical, biomedical tests, biomedical dispensing systems, defense, public health, agriculture, and many other such areas. The scope also includes other types of applications that represent subsets of the above topics such as drug delivery systems, µTAS, point-of-care devices, LoC microsystems, mixing devices, particles and droplet manipulation systems, single cell analysis, phase separators, nanoparticle sources, integration of microelectronics, and integration of photonics. Integration of MEMS, digital microfluidics, microfluidic platforms for automatic test of liquid or two-phase specimens, components for classic and nonclassic actuation within microfluidics, micropumps, optical tweezers, and other alternate solutions to actuation within microfluidics are strongly encouraged. Papers on any other topic related to microfluidics are welcomed.

The papers that will be considered for publication will cover topics related to the configuration of such circuits, the fabrication processes, technologies and techniques of fabrication, materials compatibility and selection, design, modeling, analysis, simulation, performance evaluation, environmental aspects, etc. Papers based on microfluidics or other such materials will also be considered for publication, and their submission is highly encouraged.

This call for papers by Micromachines for this Special Issue is motivated by the great interest and progress that microfluidics has made over past two decades.

The Special Issue also calls for a competition for the most relevant picture taken of a microfluidic device, platform, or part of that. The scope of the picture competition is to attract and motivate new research into this field of investigation.

Prof. Dr. Ion Stiharu
Dr. Anas Alazzam
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1067 KiB  
Article
Numerical and Experimental Validation of Mixing Efficiency in Periodic Disturbance Mixers
by Rubén R. López, Luz-María Sánchez, Anas Alazzam, Julia V. Burnier, Ion Stiharu and Vahé Nerguizian
Micromachines 2021, 12(9), 1102; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12091102 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2192
Abstract
The shape and dimensions of a micromixer are key elements in the mixing process. Accurately quantifying the mixing efficiency enables the evaluation of the performance of a micromixer and the selection of the most suitable one for specific applications. In this paper, two [...] Read more.
The shape and dimensions of a micromixer are key elements in the mixing process. Accurately quantifying the mixing efficiency enables the evaluation of the performance of a micromixer and the selection of the most suitable one for specific applications. In this paper, two methods are investigated to evaluate the mixing efficiency: a numerical model and an experimental model with a software image processing technique. Using two methods to calculate the mixing efficiency, in addition to corroborating the results and increasing their reliability, creates various possible approaches that can be selected depending on the circumstances, resources, amount of data to be processed and processing time. Image processing is an easy-to-implement tool, is applicable to different programming languages, is flexible, and provides a quick response that allows the calculation of the mixing efficiency using a process of filtering of images and quantifying the intensity of the color, which is associated with the percentage of mixing. The results showed high similarity between the two methods, with a difference ranging between 0 and 6% in all the evaluated points. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidic Machines, Volume II)
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11 pages, 3718 KiB  
Article
Pre-Degassed Microfluidic Chamber-Based Digital PCR Device for Meat Authentication Applications
by Hezhi Hu, Jingmeng Cheng, Chunyang Wei, Shanshan Li, Chengzhuang Yu, Xiaoshuai Meng and Junwei Li
Micromachines 2021, 12(6), 694; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060694 - 14 Jun 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2866
Abstract
Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) suffers from the need for specific equipment and skilled personnel; thus, we here present a chamber-based digital PCR microfluidic device that is compatible with fluorescence image read-out systems and removes bubbles by a pre-degassed microfluidic device that [...] Read more.
Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) suffers from the need for specific equipment and skilled personnel; thus, we here present a chamber-based digital PCR microfluidic device that is compatible with fluorescence image read-out systems and removes bubbles by a pre-degassed microfluidic device that consists of a pilot channel and micro chamber arrays. Digitalized PCR reagents are introduced into micro chambers, and thermocycles are taken to perform a DNA amplification process. Then, fluorescence images of a micro chamber array are read out and analyzed to obtain the total number of positive chambers. Thereby, the copy numbers of target DNA are calculated for quantitative detections. As a validation, this device is evaluated by the application of meat authentication. We performed dPCR tests using DNA templates extracted from a pure mutton DNA template with different dilutions. Then, the dPCR chip was used to identify the meat authentication using mutton–chicken mixtures with different mass ratios, showing its performance in real biotechnical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidic Machines, Volume II)
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16 pages, 2459 KiB  
Article
Hemp-Based Microfluidics
by Mikail Temirel, Sajjad Rahmani Dabbagh and Savas Tasoglu
Micromachines 2021, 12(2), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12020182 - 12 Feb 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3108
Abstract
Hemp is a sustainable, recyclable, and high-yield annual crop that can be used to produce textiles, plastics, composites, concrete, fibers, biofuels, bionutrients, and paper. The integration of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) with hemp paper can improve the environmental friendliness and high-throughputness of [...] Read more.
Hemp is a sustainable, recyclable, and high-yield annual crop that can be used to produce textiles, plastics, composites, concrete, fibers, biofuels, bionutrients, and paper. The integration of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) with hemp paper can improve the environmental friendliness and high-throughputness of µPADs. However, there is a lack of sufficient scientific studies exploring the functionality, pros, and cons of hemp as a substrate for µPADs. Herein, we used a desktop pen plotter and commercial markers to pattern hydrophobic barriers on hemp paper, in a single step, in order to characterize the ability of markers to form water-resistant patterns on hemp. In addition, since a higher resolution results in densely packed, cost-effective devices with a minimized need for costly reagents, we examined the smallest and thinnest water-resistant patterns plottable on hemp-based papers. Furthermore, the wicking speed and distance of fluids with different viscosities on Whatman No. 1 and hemp papers were compared. Additionally, the wettability of hemp and Whatman grade 1 paper was compared by measuring their contact angles. Besides, the effects of various channel sizes, as well as the number of branches, on the wicking distance of the channeled hemp paper was studied. The governing equations for the wicking distance on channels with laser-cut and hydrophobic side boundaries are presented and were evaluated with our experimental data, elucidating the applicability of the modified Washburn equation for modeling the wicking distance of fluids on hemp paper-based microfluidic devices. Finally, we validated hemp paper as a substrate for the detection and analysis of the potassium concentration in artificial urine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidic Machines, Volume II)
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13 pages, 2638 KiB  
Article
Microfluidic Device for the Analysis of Angiogenic Sprouting under Bidirectional Biochemical Gradients
by Keigo Nishimura, Minghao Nie, Shigenori Miura and Shoji Takeuchi
Micromachines 2020, 11(12), 1049; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11121049 - 27 Nov 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3157
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a spheroid culture device that can trap a spheroid in the trapping site sandwiched by two extracellular matrix gels located at the upper and lower side of the spheroid. This device can form different biochemical gradients by applying [...] Read more.
In this paper, we developed a spheroid culture device that can trap a spheroid in the trapping site sandwiched by two extracellular matrix gels located at the upper and lower side of the spheroid. This device can form different biochemical gradients by applying target biochemicals separately in upper and lower channels, allowing us to study the angiogenic sprouting under various biochemical gradients in different directions. In the experiments, we confirmed the trapping of the spheroids and demonstrate the investigation on the direction and extent of angiogenic sprouts under unidirectional or bidirectional biochemical gradients. We believe our device can contribute to understanding the pathophysiological phenomena driven by chemical gradients, such as tissue development and tumor angiogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidic Machines, Volume II)
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