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Recent Progress in the Fabrication of Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Materials and Device Structures

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A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "A：Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 5431

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Amjad Islam

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Guest Editor

Energy Photoelectric Conversion Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
Interests: materials chemistry; electronic materials; organic light-emitting devices; organic solar cells; perovskite solar cells
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have come a long way since they were first discovered in 1987 at Kodak. OLEDs have become an important source of lighting and display technology with high external quantum efficiency (EQE), color purity, energy saving and wavelength tunability, as well as low-temperature processability. Today, OLEDs are specifically valued in the display and lighting industries due to their promising qualities. As one of the research fields that stimulates and promotes the growth of academia and industry, OLED device technology has been constantly evolving for more than 3 decades. OLED devices have been developed based on first-generation electroluminescent materials relying on fluorescence (first generation), second-generation electroluminescent materials depending on phosphorescence, and third-generation emitters relying on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT), and hot excitons. Moreover, science and industry are currently investigating the 4th generation of OLEDs. Furthermore, aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based OLEDs have made significant progress in the past decade. Additionally, flexible OLEDs based on biodegradable materials have also attracted the world’s attention for the development of next-generation green and flexible electronics.

Therefore, this Special Issue invites research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on recent developments of novel materials and device architectures for the construction of efficient, low-cost, energy-saving, and eco-friendly OLEDs.

Dr. Amjad Islam
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

fluorescence
phosphorescence
thermally activated–delayed fluorescence
hybrid–local charge transfer
organic light-emitting devices

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 8438 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Self-Assembled Polyarylether Substrate in Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

by Hsin-Yi Wen, Yu-Shien Lu, Cheng-Yan Guo, Mei-Ying Chang, Wen-Yao Huang and Tung-Li Hsieh

Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 920; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14050920 - 24 Apr 2023

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Abstract

The structure used in this study is as follows: substrate/PMMA/ZnS/Ag/MoO3/NPB/Alq3/LiF/Al. Here, PMMA serves as the surface flattening layer, ZnS/Ag/MoO3 as the anode, NPB as the hole injection layer, Alq3 as the emitting layer, LiF as the electron injection layer, and aluminum as the cathode. The properties of the devices with different substrates were investigated using P4 and glass, developed in the laboratory, as well as commercially available PET. After film formation, P4 creates holes on the surface. The light field distribution of the device was calculated at wavelengths of 480 nm, 550 nm, and 620 nm using optical simulation. It was found that this microstructure contributes to light extraction. The maximum brightness, external quantum efficiency, and current efficiency of the device at a P4 thickness of 2.6 μm were 72,500 cd/m², 1.69%, and 5.68 cd/A, respectively. However, the maximum brightness of the same structure with PET (130 μm) was 9500 cd/m². The microstructure of the P4 substrate was found to contribute to the excellent device performance through analysis of the AFM surface morphology, film resistance, and optical simulation results. The holes formed by the P4 substrate were created solely by spin-coating the material and then placing it on a heating plate to dry, without any special processing. To confirm the reproducibility of the naturally formed holes, devices were fabricated again with three different emitting layer thicknesses. The maximum brightness, external quantum efficiency, and current efficiency of the device at an Alq3 thickness of 55 nm were 93,400 cd/m², 1.7%, and 5.6 cd/A, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in the Fabrication of Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Materials and Device Structures)

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7 pages, 1852 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Efficiency Simplified Orange and White Organic Light-Emitting Devices Based on a Platinum(II) Complex

by Qing Zhao, Dongfang Zhao and Xinchen Zhang

Micromachines 2023, 14(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010065 - 27 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1705

Abstract

We demonstrated efficient simplified orange and white organic light-emitting devices based on a platinum(II) complex Tetra-Pt-N. The maximum current efficiency achieved from the optimized orange device was 57.6 cd/A. The emission mechanism for the system of Tetra-Pt-N doped into 4,4’-bis(arbazole-9-yl)biphenyl was discussed. Moreover, a high-efficiency and simplified white device was fabricated by introducing an ultra-thin blue phosphorescent emission layer. The white device with a maximum current efficiency of 41.9 cd/A showed excellent stable spectra and low efficiency roll-off. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in the Fabrication of Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Materials and Device Structures)

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Review

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17 pages, 3276 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biological Interfacial Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

by Amjad Islam, Syed Hamad Ullah Shah, Zeeshan Haider, Muhammad Imran, Al Amin, Syed Kamran Haider and Ming-De Li

Micromachines 2023, 14(6), 1171; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14061171 - 31 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1790

Abstract

Organic optoelectronic devices have received appreciable attention due to their low cost, mechanical flexibility, band-gap engineering, lightness, and solution processability over a broad area. Specifically, realizing sustainability in organic optoelectronics, especially in solar cells and light-emitting devices, is a crucial milestone in the evolution of green electronics. Recently, the utilization of biological materials has appeared as an efficient means to alter the interfacial properties, and hence improve the performance, lifetime and stability of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Biological materials can be known as essential renewable bio-resources obtained from plants, animals and microorganisms. The application of biological interfacial materials (BIMs) in OLEDs is still in its early phase compared to the conventional synthetic interfacial materials; however, their fascinating features (such as their eco-friendly nature, biodegradability, easy modification, sustainability, biocompatibility, versatile structures, proton conductivity and rich functional groups) are compelling researchers around the world to construct innovative devices with enhanced efficiency. In this regard, we provide an extensive review of BIMs and their significance in the evolution of next-generation OLED devices. We highlight the electrical and physical properties of different BIMs, and address how such characteristics have been recently exploited to make efficient OLED devices. Biological materials such as ampicillin, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), nucleobases (NBs) and lignin derivatives have demonstrated significant potential as hole/electron transport layers as well as hole/electron blocking layers for OLED devices. Biological materials capable of generating a strong interfacial dipole can be considered as a promising prospect for alternative interlayer materials for OLED applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in the Fabrication of Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Materials and Device Structures)

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