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Microorganisms
Special Issues
New Trends in Medical Bacteriology: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
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New Trends in Medical Bacteriology: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 6728

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Piotr B. Heczko

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Guest Editor
Chair of Microbiology, Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
Interests: probiotics; postbiotics; human microbiome; mechanisms of infections; hospital infections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Norma Velazquez Guadarrama

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Área de Genética Bacteriana, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
Interests: genotoxicity; genotyping; microbiology; pathogens bacteria; microbial molecular biology; bacteriology; molecular microbiology; bacterial antibiotic resistance; molecular bacteriology
Dr. Ma. Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
Interests: Brucella; Carnobacterium; bacterial diagnosis; STI; Chlamydia; gonorrhea; IACS

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multiple dysbiotic events generated by antibiotic treatments, the presence of resistant bacteria and environmental modification signal a patient’s status and trigger an increase in both comorbidity and mortality indices. Thanks to the constant evolution of molecular techniques, such as the development of omics technologies, the identification of new non-culturable bacteria and emergence and re-emergence of pathogens have taken on significant relevance in medical bacteriology. For these reasons, new advances in treatments and prevention strategies in the clinical field are critical. This Special Issue will share experiences in the field of medical bacteriology and discuss relevant research results, with the aim of supporting decision making in the medical praxis.

For this Special Issue, "New Trends in Medical Bacteriology: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention", Focal points include, but are not limited to:

  1. Advances in the development of new therapies;
  2. Effect of current antimicrobial therapies on gene expression in resistant bacteria and its clinical consequences, histopathological alterations and dysbiosis in the human microbiota;
  3. Evaluation of bacterial resistome and its impact on clinical outcome;
  4. Use of clinical metagenomics in the identification of non-culturable bacteria for clinical diagnosis;
  5. Environmental factors and their impact on bacterial infectious processes. 

Prof. Dr. Piotr B. Heczko
Dr. Norma Velazquez Guadarrama
Dr. Ma. Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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6 pages, 211 KiB  
Communication
Novel Knowledge of Macrolide Resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae by Azithromycin Exposure
by Tomohiro Oishi, Nemu Hattori and Daisuke Yoshioka
Microorganisms 2024, 12(1), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010218 - 21 Jan 2024
Viewed by 896
Abstract
The rise of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP), marked by point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene, poses a growing global concern since its initial detection in 2001. The prominence of the A2063G mutation during this emergence remains unexplained. This study aimed to clarify [...] Read more.
The rise of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP), marked by point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene, poses a growing global concern since its initial detection in 2001. The prominence of the A2063G mutation during this emergence remains unexplained. This study aimed to clarify the possibility of detecting MRMP from recent clinical macrolide-susceptible M. pneumoniae through exposure to azithromycin (AZM), which has a long half-life and was launched immediately before the first MRMP detection. Six strains isolated from Japanese children in 2019 and reference strain (FH), all belonging to the recent dominant P1 genotype, two, or two subtype, were cultivated in a medium containing slightly higher concentrations than the originated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AZM and underwent sequencing if they grew. Four out of the seven strains grew after exposure to AZM, and C2617G and C2617A were detected, with no mutation in two strains. After another cultivation and sequencing, two of four strains grew, one was changed from C2617G to A2063G, and the other remained C2617A. The MIC of AZM in A2063G strains was 128 mg/mL; for C2617A, it was 0.0156 mg/mL. This is the first study to detect the strains with A2063G mutation from recent macrolide-susceptible M. pneumoniae using AZM exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Medical Bacteriology: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention)
23 pages, 5575 KiB  
Article
Dysbiosis by Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection Associated with Follicular Gastropathy and Pangastropathy
by Uriel Gomez-Ramirez, Carolina G. Nolasco-Romero, Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez, Gerardo Zuñiga, Sandra Mendoza-Elizalde, Francisco-Javier Prado-Galbarro, Fernando Pérez Aguilar, Jonatan Elihu Pedraza Tinoco, Pedro Valencia-Mayoral and Norma Velázquez-Guadarrama
Microorganisms 2023, 11(11), 2748; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112748 - 10 Nov 2023
Viewed by 951
Abstract
Dysbiosis plays an important role in the development of bacterial infections in the gastric mucosa, particularly Helicobacter pylori. The international guidelines for the treatment of H. pylori infections suggest standard triple therapy (STT). Nevertheless, because of the increasing resistance rates to clarithromycin, [...] Read more.
Dysbiosis plays an important role in the development of bacterial infections in the gastric mucosa, particularly Helicobacter pylori. The international guidelines for the treatment of H. pylori infections suggest standard triple therapy (STT). Nevertheless, because of the increasing resistance rates to clarithromycin, metronidazole has been widely considered in several countries. Unfortunately, the non-justified administration of antibiotics induces dysbiosis in the target organ. We characterized the gastric microbiota of patients diagnosed with follicular gastropathy and pangastropathy attributed to H. pylori infection, before and after the administration of STT with metronidazole. Dominant relative abundances of Cutibacterium were observed in pre-treatment patients, whereas H. pylori was observed at <11%, suggesting the multifactor property of the disease. The correlation of Cutibacterium acnes and H. pylori with gastric infectious diseases was also evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The dominance of C. acnes over H. pylori was observed in gastritis, gastropathies, and non-significant histological alterations. None of the microorganisms were detected in the intestinal metaplasia. Post-treatment alterations revealed an increase in the relative abundances of Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella. Non-H. pylori gastrointestinal bacteria can be associated with the initiation and development of gastric diseases, such as pathobiont C. acnes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Medical Bacteriology: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention)
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7 pages, 260 KiB  
Communication
Exposure to Treponema pallidum Infection among Adolescent and Young Adult Women in Roraima, Amazon Region of Brazil
by Maria Eduarda de Sousa Avelino, Andrio Silva da Silva, Leonardo Gabriel Campelo Pinto de Figueiredo, Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca, Cláudia Ribeiro Menezes, Sandra Souza Lima, Ana Luísa Mendes, Carla Hart Borges da Silva, Isabela Vanessa Sampaio dos Reis, Huendel Batista de Figueiredo Nunes, Bianca Jorge Sequeira and Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado
Microorganisms 2023, 11(10), 2382; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102382 - 23 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 973
Abstract
Background: Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease, and its prevalence has been described since the 15th century. Because of the high prevalence of this infection in Brazil, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of syphilis and its associated factors among adolescent and [...] Read more.
Background: Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease, and its prevalence has been described since the 15th century. Because of the high prevalence of this infection in Brazil, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of syphilis and its associated factors among adolescent and young women living in the city of Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil. Methods: The present study was cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical and quantitative. It involved 200 young and adolescent women. Laboratory tests were performed to diagnose syphilis, and a sociodemographic and epidemiological questionnaire was employed. Results: In the studied sample, 10 women had a positive result for syphilis, characterizing a prevalence of 5% for infection with Treponema pallidum. There was a statistically significant association between a monthly family income of less than 1 minimum wage and syphilis (p = 0.0449) and between illicit drug use and syphilis (p = 0.0234). Conclusions: These results indicate the need for public health interventions, action plans, and the implementation of risk reduction strategies focused on this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Medical Bacteriology: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention)

Review

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13 pages, 1175 KiB  
Review
Kocuria Species Infections in Humans—A Narrative Review
by Afroditi Ziogou, Ilias Giannakodimos, Alexios Giannakodimos, Stella Baliou and Petros Ioannou
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2362; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092362 - 21 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3433
Abstract
Kocuria species are catalase-positive and coagulase-negative Gram-positive coccoid bacteria that belong to the family Micrococcaceae, order Actinomycetales, and class Actinobacteria. Even though they may be relatively rare, they have been increasingly reported as the causes of human infections lately. The present study aims [...] Read more.
Kocuria species are catalase-positive and coagulase-negative Gram-positive coccoid bacteria that belong to the family Micrococcaceae, order Actinomycetales, and class Actinobacteria. Even though they may be relatively rare, they have been increasingly reported as the causes of human infections lately. The present study aims to review all published cases of Kocuria spp. infections in humans reporting data on epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial treatment, and mortality. A narrative review was performed based on a search of Pubmed and Scopus databases in the literature. In total, 73 studies provided data on 102 patients with Kocuria spp. infections. The mean age of patients was 47 years, and 68.3% were male. The most common types of infection were bacteremia (36.3%), skin and soft tissue infection (18.6%), endophthalmitis (15.7%), infective endocarditis (13.7%), and peritonitis (11.8%), most commonly peritoneal–dialysis-associated. The most frequently isolated species was K. kristinae (46.1%), and antimicrobial resistance was lower for vancomycin (7%) and tetracyclines (6.7%). Vancomycin (47%), cephalosporins (39.6%), and quinolones (36.6%) were the most commonly used antimicrobials. The empirical antimicrobial treatment of Kocuria spp. infections should include vancomycin as long as antimicrobial susceptibility results are pending. The infection outcome mainly depends on the type of infection and is higher for infective endocarditis. Endophthalmitis is associated with increased rates of low visual acuity after treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Medical Bacteriology: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention)
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