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Molecules
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Biodegradation and Effectively Utilization of Organic Residues
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Biodegradation and Effectively Utilization of Organic Residues

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2019) | Viewed by 18106

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Abdellatif Barakat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UMR IATE, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Interests: waste; wastewater treatment; lignocellulosic biomass; biorefinery; biochar; bioenergy; activation; biodegradation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the increase in the world’s population, and the growing demand for energy and high-added-value products for developed and emerging countries, there is a generation of high amounts of organic waste and residues, which present economic and environmental challenges and highlights the need for organic residues. In order to deal with the declared scarcity of fossil resources it is essential to adapt new organic residues and waste management policies based on the principle of a circular economy (zero waste), which fits in with sustainable development, climate change and the protection of the environment. Nevertheless, it is necessary to identify sources of organic residues, and also to define the most efficient recovery processes according to their composition and physicochemical properties. Depending on their origin, and their physicochemical compositions, their destiny (i.e., energy source, molecules of interest, biofertilizers, biomaterials, etc.) will be adapted in adequacy.

Dr. Abdellatif Barakat
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Organic Residues
  • Activation & pretreatment
  • Biodegradation
  • Biofertilizers & soil amendment
  • Bioenergy & Biomaterials

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2038 KiB  
Article
Effects of Different Biochars on Wheat Growth Parameters, Yield and Soil Fertility Status in a Silty Clay Loam Soil
by Tanveer Ali Sial, Zhilong Lan, Limei Wang, Ying Zhao, Jianguo Zhang, Farhana Kumbhar, Mehurnisa Memon, Muhammad Siddique Lashari and Ahmed Naqi Shah
Molecules 2019, 24(9), 1798; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091798 - 09 May 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3507
Abstract
The conversion of organic wastes into biochar via the pyrolysis technique could be used to produce soil amendments useful as a source of plant nutrients. In this study, we investigated the effects of fruit peels and milk tea waste-derived biochars on wheat growth, [...] Read more.
The conversion of organic wastes into biochar via the pyrolysis technique could be used to produce soil amendments useful as a source of plant nutrients. In this study, we investigated the effects of fruit peels and milk tea waste-derived biochars on wheat growth, yield, root traits, soil enzyme activities and nutrient status. Eight amendment treatments were tested: no amendment (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), banana peel biochar 1% (BB1 + CF), banana peel biochar 2% (BB2 + CF), orange peel biochar 1% (OB1 + CF), orange peel biochar 2% (OB2 + CF), milk tea waste biochar 1% (TB1 + CF) and milk tea waste biochar 2% (TB2 + CF). The results indicated that chlorophyll values, plant height, grain yield, dry weight of shoot and root were significantly (p < 0.05) increased for the TB2 + CF treatment as compared to other treatments. Similarly, higher contents of nutrients in grains, shoots and roots were observed for TB2 + CF: N (61.3, 23.3 and 7.6 g kg−1), P (9.2, 10.4 and 8.3 g kg−1) and K (9.1, 34.8 and 4.4 g kg−1). Compared to CK, the total root length (41.1%), surface area (56.5%), root volume (54.2%) and diameter (78.4%) were the greatest for TB2 + CF, followed by BB2 + CF, OB2 + CF, TB1 + CF, BB1 + CF, OB1 + CF and CF, respectively. However, BB + CF and OB + CF treatments increased β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase, but not urease activity, as compared to the TB + CF amendment, while all enzyme activity decreased with the increased biochar levels. We concluded that the conversion of fruit peels and milk tea waste into biochar products contribute the benefits of environmental and economic issues, and should be tested as soil amendments combined with chemical fertilizers for the improvement of wheat growth and grain yield as well as soil fertility status under field conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradation and Effectively Utilization of Organic Residues)
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13 pages, 1233 KiB  
Article
Prospective Approach to the Anaerobic Bioconversion of Benzo- and Dibenzothiophene Sulfones to Sulfide
by Olga Senko, Olga Maslova, Marina Gladchenko, Sergey Gaydamaka, Argam Akopyan, Sergey Lysenko, Eduard Karakhanov and Elena Efremenko
Molecules 2019, 24(9), 1736; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091736 - 04 May 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2667
Abstract
Sulfur recovery from organic molecules such as toxic sulfones is an actual problem, and its solution through the use of environmentally friendly and nature-like processes looks attractive for research and application. For the first time, the possible bioconversion of organic sulfones (benzo-and dibenzothiophene [...] Read more.
Sulfur recovery from organic molecules such as toxic sulfones is an actual problem, and its solution through the use of environmentally friendly and nature-like processes looks attractive for research and application. For the first time, the possible bioconversion of organic sulfones (benzo-and dibenzothiophene sulfones) to inorganic sulfide under anaerobic conditions with simultaneous biogas production from glucose within a methanogenesis process is demonstrated. Biogas with a methane content of 50.7%–82.1% was obtained without H2S impurities. Methanogenesis with 99.7%–100% efficiency and 97.8%–100% conversion of benzo- and dibenzothiophene sulfones (up to 0.45 mM) to inorganic sulfide were obtained in eight days by using a combination of various anaerobic biocatalysts immobilized in a poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel. Pure cell cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria and/or H2-producing bacteria were tested as additives to the methanogenic activated sludge. The immobilized activated sludge “enhanced” by bacterial additives appeared to retain its properties and be usable multiple times for the conversion of sulfones under batch conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradation and Effectively Utilization of Organic Residues)
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12 pages, 1690 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Fulvic Acids Derived from Different Materials on Changing Properties of Albic Black Soil in the Northeast Plain of China
by Mahendar Kumar Sootahar, Xibai Zeng, Shiming Su, Yanan Wang, Lingyu Bai, Yang Zhang, Tao Li and Xiaojia Zhang
Molecules 2019, 24(8), 1535; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081535 - 18 Apr 2019
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3653
Abstract
Despite low fertility and content of organic carbon in albic black soil, grains are grown in this type of soil in the northeast plain of China in order to find ways to improve the soil’s fertility and crop production. We carried out pot [...] Read more.
Despite low fertility and content of organic carbon in albic black soil, grains are grown in this type of soil in the northeast plain of China in order to find ways to improve the soil’s fertility and crop production. We carried out pot experiments of maize applied with one of three different treatments of fulvic acids (FA) derived from different parent materials: Plant-derived solid (PDSF), mineral-derived liquid (MDLF), and plant-derived liquid (PDLF) applied at respective rates of 2.5, 5, and 5 g kg−1 as well as a control applied at 0 g kg−1. The results showed that soil organic carbon and light fraction C was greater by 29% to 21% and 38% to 21%, respectively, among the treatments compared to that of the control. Similarly, available N content was significantly greater in the PDLF treatment, and P content was also significantly greater in the PDSF treatment. In contrast, available K and extractable Mg contents were lower, as well as organic–inorganic degree complexes and organic–inorganic composites in the PDSF, MDLF, and PDLF treatments compared with those of the control. Further results showed that MDLF and PDLF Fulvic acids (FA) accelerated plant growth, while PDSF limited plant growth. Our study provides empirical evidence that addition of fulvic acid from MDLF and PDLF had more positive effects on soil properties and plant growth than fulvic acid from PDSF. This investigation suggests that application of fulvic acid in liquid form can improve nutrient availability and affect other important chemical, biological, and physical properties of soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradation and Effectively Utilization of Organic Residues)
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17 pages, 1995 KiB  
Article
Co-Application of Milk Tea Waste and NPK Fertilizers to Improve Sandy Soil Biochemical Properties and Wheat Growth
by Tanveer Ali Sial, Jiao Liu, Ying Zhao, Muhammad Numan Khan, Zhilong Lan, Jianguo Zhang, Farhana Kumbhar, Kashif Akhtar and Inayatullah Rajpar
Molecules 2019, 24(3), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030423 - 24 Jan 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4858
Abstract
Desert soil is one of the most severe conditions which negatively affect the environment and crop growth production in arid land. The application of organic amendments with inorganic fertilizers is an economically viable and environmentally comprehensive method to develop sustainable agriculture. The aim [...] Read more.
Desert soil is one of the most severe conditions which negatively affect the environment and crop growth production in arid land. The application of organic amendments with inorganic fertilizers is an economically viable and environmentally comprehensive method to develop sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess whether milk tea waste (TW) amendment combined with chemical fertilizer (F) application can be used to improve the biochemical properties of sandy soil and wheat growth. The treatments included control without amendment (T1), chemical fertilizers (T2), TW 2.5% + F (T3), TW 5% + F (T4) and TW 10% + F (T5). The results showed that the highest chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoids, shoot and root dry biomass, and leaf area index (LAI) were significantly (p < 0.05) improved with all amendment treatments. However, the highest root total length, root surface area, root volume and diameter were recorded for T4 among all treatments. The greater uptake of N, P, and K contents for T4 increased for the shoot by 68.9, 58.3, and 57.1%, and for the root by 65.7, 34.3, and 47.4% compared to the control, respectively. Compared with the control, T5 treatment decreased the soil pH significantly (p < 0.05) and increased soil enzyme activities such as urease (95.2%), β-glucosidase (81.6%) and dehydrogenase (97.2%), followed by T4, T3, and T2. Our findings suggested that the integrated use of milk tea waste and chemical fertilizers is a suitable amendment method for improving the growth and soil fertility status of sandy soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradation and Effectively Utilization of Organic Residues)
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19 pages, 2501 KiB  
Article
Combination of Dry Milling and Separation Processes with Anaerobic Digestion of Olive Mill Solid Waste: Methane Production and Energy Efficiency
by Doha Elalami, Hélène Carrère, Karima Abdelouahdi, Abdallah Oukarroum, Driss Dhiba, Mohamed Arji and Abdellatif Barakat
Molecules 2018, 23(12), 3295; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123295 - 12 Dec 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2964
Abstract
This experimental work aims at investigating the effects of milling; sieving; and electrostatic separation on the biochemical methane potential of two olive pomaces from traditional olive oil extraction (M) and from a three-phase system (T). Sieving proved to be efficient for increasing the [...] Read more.
This experimental work aims at investigating the effects of milling; sieving; and electrostatic separation on the biochemical methane potential of two olive pomaces from traditional olive oil extraction (M) and from a three-phase system (T). Sieving proved to be efficient for increasing the soluble chemical oxygen demand in the smallest fractions of the sieve of both M (62%) and T (78%) samples. The positive fraction following electrostatic separation also enhanced chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilisation by 94%, in comparison to sample T milled at 4 mm. Sieve fractions with a size greater than 0.9 mm contained 33% and 47% less lipids for the M and T biomasses; respectively. Dry fractionation modified sample properties as well as lipid and fiber distribution. Concomitantly; milling increased the accessibility and facilitated the release of organic matter. The energy balance was positive after knife milling and sieving; while ball milling and ultrafine milling proved to be inefficient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradation and Effectively Utilization of Organic Residues)
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