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Nutrients
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Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health
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Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2024 | Viewed by 14161

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Filomena Mazzeo

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Guest Editor
Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Interests: pharmacology and toxicology sports medicine; doping; nutrients
Prof. Dr. Stefania D'Angelo

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Guest Editor
Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, 80133 Naples, Italy
Interests: antioxidants; apoptosis; human biochemistry; Mediterranean diet; nutraceutical; nutrition; oxidative stress; polyphenols
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andreina Alfieri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
Interests: movement and sports activity; sports performance; sport molecular biomarkers associated to health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue, entitled “Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health”.

The promotion of health requires good nutrition and an adequate lifestyle; together, they contribute to the "well-being" of people. In addition, nutritional status is a major factor in the performance and endurance as well as general health of athletes and individuals interested in overall wellness. The majority of athletes use a variety of nutritional and dietary supplements. There are numerous studies highlighting how an adequate diet before, during, and after training, as well as a match, can improve performance. Moreover, the evolution of lifestyles, as well as proteins, the vegetarian and vegan diets, a culture of additives, and the pressure of sport stakeholders have led to a significant increase in the consumption of supplements, in the wrong belief that they can significantly improve their physical performance. In any case, healthy nutrition does not need to be integrated, except in particular training conditions, and the incorrect use as well as abuse of the aforementioned substances represent a serious health and sport lawfulness problem. Therefore, appropriate nutritional guidelines are an essential component of optimal training programs to aid in adaptations, peak sport performance, and injury prevention. Nutrition therefore plays a role of fundamental importance in the daily life of not only athletes; this role is certainly reflected in psychological well-being and, above all, in sport performance.

This Special Issue of Nutrients welcomes the submission of research articles, review articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and short communications. 

We look forward to your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Filomena Mazzeo
Prof. Dr. Stefania D'Angelo
Dr. Andreina Alfieri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dietary supplements
  • minerals
  • vitamins
  • nutritional supplements
  • proteins
  • sport nutrition
  • health
  • well-being

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 186 KiB  
Editorial
Role of Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health
by Andreina Alfieri, Stefania D’Angelo and Filomena Mazzeo
Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4429; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204429 - 19 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3515
Abstract
Health promotion requires good nutrition and an adequate lifestyle, which together contribute to people’s well-being [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health)

Research

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14 pages, 1144 KiB  
Article
Differences in Consumption Behaviour of Dietary Supplements in Competitive Athletes Depends on Sports Discipline
by Eduard Isenmann, Pia Tolle, Stephan Geisler, Ulrich Flenker and Patrick Diel
Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030374 - 27 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1113
Abstract
Background: The consumption of dietary supplements (DS) is widespread among the general population and competitive athletes. However, only a few competitive athletes seek information from experts about the effects and use of DS. Furthermore, it is currently unknown whether certain sports have a [...] Read more.
Background: The consumption of dietary supplements (DS) is widespread among the general population and competitive athletes. However, only a few competitive athletes seek information from experts about the effects and use of DS. Furthermore, it is currently unknown whether certain sports have a higher affinity for DS than others. Methods: This study aimed to identify differences between different sports categories and subgroups that may have a very high affinity for DS. For this purpose, competitive athletes were surveyed. The survey included the type of sport, the training frequency, the number of competitions, the consumption behaviour of five DS categories (general health, regeneration promotion, performance enhancement, booster, and weight loss) as well as personal data such as biological sex and age. Subsequently, correlations, configural frequencies (CFA), and multiple correspondence analyses (MCA) were used to identify subgroups with a high affinity of consumption behaviour. Results: A total of 409 questionnaires could be evaluated. It was found that all DS categories except weight loss were related. In addition, it was observed that in sports from the power category and from the endurance category, there was even higher consumption behaviour than in other sports categories. Male power athletes in particular have a higher affinity for consuming DS than other subgroups. Conclusions: This study shows that there is a clear different consumption behaviour depending on the type of sport. Male power athletes in particular are the subgroup with the greatest consumption behaviour and therefore require special education on the effects and use of DS. This subgroup in particular should receive increased attention in counselling on DS to minimise the possible risks of DS use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health)
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16 pages, 1924 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of Protein Supplement Source on Body Composition in Women Practicing Anaerobic Resistance Exercise: A Pilot Study
by Juan Manuel Ballesteros-Torres, Anayansi Escalante-Aburto, María Elena Villarreal-Arce and Cindy Joanna Caballero-Prado
Nutrients 2024, 16(2), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020321 - 22 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1653
Abstract
Supplements based on protein hydrolysates have been used as an effective source to access amino acids with greater bioavailability, promoting absorption to improve body composition. Five groups of young women were randomly selected. They followed a personalized eating plan that included different protein [...] Read more.
Supplements based on protein hydrolysates have been used as an effective source to access amino acids with greater bioavailability, promoting absorption to improve body composition. Five groups of young women were randomly selected. They followed a personalized eating plan that included different protein supplements (meat, vegan, branched-chain amino acids [BCAAs], whey, and control group), combined with an exercise plan, for eight weeks, aiming to assess their consumption effects combined with resistance exercise on body composition. Bioelectrical impedance before and after the treatment was conducted. The results showed that the supplementation with BCAAs presented a significant decrease (p < 0.05) on the BMI in this group (initial BMI = 19.7 kg/m2; final BMI = 19.4 kg/m2). When comparing the final measures among the groups, the BCAAs and vegan supplements caused a significant decrease in body weight (50.24 kg and 51.34 kg, respectively). The BMI of the group supplemented with meat proteins was statistically higher (22.06 kg/m2) than that the group supplemented with BCAAs (19.4 kg/m2) (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the type of protein consumed to produce muscle mass in the participants after eight weeks of study under a controlled diet and anaerobic resistance exercise. Participants exhibited energy deficiencies, but their macronutrient distribution appeared normal. Following an 8-week intervention, meat and BCAAs reduced weight and BMI, although no statistical differences were observed. It is recommended to extend the treatment for a more comprehensive understanding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health)
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11 pages, 286 KiB  
Article
Are the Dietary–Nutritional Recommendations Met? Analysis of Intake in Endurance Competitions
by Rubén Jiménez-Alfageme, Javier Álvarez, Arkaitz Garbisu-Hualde, David Romero-García, Daniel Giménez-Monzó, Isabel Sospedra, Eva Ausó and José Miguel Martínez-Sanz
Nutrients 2024, 16(2), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020189 - 5 Jan 2024
Viewed by 2246
Abstract
Background: In recent decades the number of endurance events has increased, as well as the number of athletes participating in them. Adequate nutritional and water planning is essential to maintain optimal sports performance and to reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal problems. The main [...] Read more.
Background: In recent decades the number of endurance events has increased, as well as the number of athletes participating in them. Adequate nutritional and water planning is essential to maintain optimal sports performance and to reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal problems. The main objective of this study is to determine the dietary intake and compliance with nutritional recommendations of athletes in two endurance competitions, as well as to assess the incidence of gastrointestinal complaints. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out on the consumption of liquids, food, and supplements in 42 triathletes and mountain runners (MRs) participating in a Vi-Half-Gasteiz triathlon and the Ultra Sierra de Cazorla trail run. At the completion of the trials, participants completed a validated questionnaire (NIQEC). Results: The mean caloric intake during the test of the participants in this study was 192.17 kcal/h, while the mean carbohydrate intake was 43.67 g/h, the mean sodium intake was 267.43 mg/h, and the mean caffeine intake was 15.53 mg/h, with no significant differences between the two sports. The amount of liquids consumed by the participants was 421.21 mL/h, with no significant differences between the triathletes and MRs. As for gastrointestinal problems, it was observed that the participants presented gastrointestinal discomfort in 61.9% of the cases. Conclusions: The intakes of energy, carbohydrates, water, sodium, and caffeine were lower than the current recommendations. There were no differences in the energy, carbohydrate, water, sodium, and caffeine intakes between the triathletes and mountain runners. Gastrointestinal problems showed a high prevalence in these athletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health)
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Review

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17 pages, 329 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Management of Athletes with Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review
by Massimiliano Cavallo, Michelantonio De Fano, Luisa Barana, Ivan Dozzani, Eleonora Bianchini, Marialucia Pellegrino, Linda Cisternino, Sara Migliarelli, Cecilia Giulietti, Roberto Pippi and Carmine Giuseppe Fanelli
Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060907 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1345
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) represents a complex clinical challenge for health systems. The autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leads to a complete lack of insulin production, exposing people to a lifelong risk of acute (DKA, coma) and chronic complications (macro and [...] Read more.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) represents a complex clinical challenge for health systems. The autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leads to a complete lack of insulin production, exposing people to a lifelong risk of acute (DKA, coma) and chronic complications (macro and microvascular). Physical activity (PA) has widely demonstrated its efficacy in helping diabetes treatment. Nutritional management of people living with T1DM is particularly difficult. Balancing macronutrients, their effects on glycemic control, and insulin treatment represents a complex clinical challenge for the diabetologist. The effects of PA on glycemic control are largely unpredictable depending on many individual factors, such as intensity, nutrient co-ingestion, and many others. Due to this clinical complexity, we have reviewed the actual scientific literature in depth to help diabetologists, sport medicine doctors, nutritionists, and all the health figures involved in diabetes care to ameliorate both glycemic control and the nutritional status of T1DM people engaging in PA. Two electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus) were searched from their inception to January 2024. The main recommendations for carbohydrate and protein ingestion before, during, and immediately after PA are explained. Glycemic management during such activity is widely reviewed. Micronutrient needs and nutritional supplement effects are also highlighted in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health)
15 pages, 298 KiB  
Review
Supplementation for Performance and Health in Patients with Phenylketonuria: An Exercise-Based Approach to Improving Dietary Adherence
by Domingo González-Lamuño, Carmenmelina Morencos, Francisco J. Arrieta, Eva Venegas, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez, José Antonio Casajús, Maria Luz Couce and Luís Aldámiz-Echevarría
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050639 - 25 Feb 2024
Viewed by 976
Abstract
Supplementation is crucial for improving performance and health in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients, who face dietary challenges. Proteins are vital for athletes, supporting muscle growth, minimizing catabolism, and aiding muscle repair and glycogen replenishment post-exercise. However, PKU individuals must limit phenylalanine (Phe) intake, requiring [...] Read more.
Supplementation is crucial for improving performance and health in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients, who face dietary challenges. Proteins are vital for athletes, supporting muscle growth, minimizing catabolism, and aiding muscle repair and glycogen replenishment post-exercise. However, PKU individuals must limit phenylalanine (Phe) intake, requiring supplementation with Phe-free amino acids or glycomacropeptides. Tailored to meet nutritional needs, these substitutes lack Phe but fulfill protein requirements. Due to limited supplement availability, athletes with PKU may need higher protein intake. Various factors affect tolerated Phe levels, including supplement quantity and age. Adhering to supplement regimens optimizes performance and addresses PKU challenges. Strategically-timed protein substitutes can safely enhance muscle synthesis and sports performance. Individualized intake is essential for optimal outcomes, recognizing proteins’ multifaceted role. Here, we explore protein substitute supplementation in PKU patients within the context of physical activity, considering limited evidence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health)
20 pages, 2357 KiB  
Review
Androgen Receptor and Cardiovascular Disease: A Potential Risk for the Abuse of Supplements Containing Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators
by Ellis Hall and Misha F. Vrolijk
Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3330; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153330 - 26 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2448
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the family of ligand-activated transcription factors. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) exert their biological function through complex interactions with the AR. It has been speculated that overexertion of AR signaling cascades as a result of [...] Read more.
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the family of ligand-activated transcription factors. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) exert their biological function through complex interactions with the AR. It has been speculated that overexertion of AR signaling cascades as a result of SARM abuse can be a risk factor for the development of various cardiovascular diseases. The present literature review explores the implications of the interaction between SARMs and the AR on cardiovascular health by focusing on the AR structure, function, and mechanisms of action, as well as the current clinical literature on various SARMs. It is shown that SARMs may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases through implications on the renin–angiotensin system, smooth muscle cells, sympathetic nervous system, lipid profile, inflammation, platelet activity, and various other factors. More research on this topic is necessary as SARM abuse is becoming increasingly common. There is a noticeable lack of clinical trials and literature on the relationship between SARMs, cardiovascular diseases, and the AR. Future in vivo and in vitro studies within this field are vital to understand the mechanisms that underpin these complex interactions and risk factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health)
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