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Nutrients
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Effects of Nutritional Supplementation, Muscle Loss, Physical Performance and Exercise...
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Effects of Nutritional Supplementation, Muscle Loss, Physical Performance and Exercise on Aging

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 May 2024) | Viewed by 4482

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wan-Chun Chiu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
Interests: exercise; muscle; intestinal; inflammation
Dr. Yi-Ju Hsu

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333325, Taiwan
Interests: sports nutrition; biochemistry of exercise; sports medicine; animal model building

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aging is associated with remarkable changes in body composition. The loss of skeletal muscle, a process called sarcopenia, is a prominent feature of these changes. In addition, gains in total body fat and visceral fat contents continue into late life. The cause of sarcopenia is likely a result of several changes that also occur with aging. These include reduced levels of physical activity, changing endocrine function (reduced testosterone, growth hormone, and estrogen levels), insulin resistance, and increased dietary protein needs.

One crucial strategy that counters muscle loss is proper exercise training. Strength training will increase muscle size, primarily due to increased contractile proteins. Balanced nutrition and exercise have beneficial effects on muscle mass maintenance, but many critical questions remain about the role of dietary supplements in age-related muscle loss and function.

This Special Issue will focus on research on the effects of nutritional and dietary supplements and exercise on muscle loss and related age-related diseases. Original research, reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials are also welcomed.

Dr. Wan-Chun Chiu
Dr. Yi-Ju Hsu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • muscle loss
  • sarcopenia
  • aging
  • older adults
  • muscle mass
  • inflammatory
  • physical activity
  • exercise
  • dietary supplements
  • nutrition

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
Effect of a 12-Week Multi-Exercise Community Program on Muscle Strength and Lipid Profile in Elderly Women
by Hee-Sook Lim, Tae-Hee Kim, Hyun-Joo Kang and Hae-Hyeog Lee
Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060813 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 925
Abstract
This study targeted elderly women over 60 years old (109 persons), divided them into an exercise group and a control group, and implemented a 12-week physical activity program for the exercise group. Body composition, muscle, blood tests, depression, quality of life (QoL), nutritional [...] Read more.
This study targeted elderly women over 60 years old (109 persons), divided them into an exercise group and a control group, and implemented a 12-week physical activity program for the exercise group. Body composition, muscle, blood tests, depression, quality of life (QoL), nutritional status, and physical strength were compared and analyzed. The physical activity program was organized through a consultative body of experts, was performed for about 60 min each time in the type and order of exercise appropriate for elderly women, and consisted of a combination of exercise using a band, gymnastics, and stretching. Changes in the muscle index and muscle mass before and after the program were selected as the primary efficacy evaluations. In the exercise group, waist circumference significantly decreased, and the muscle index significantly increased compared to the control group. The number of subjects who showed sarcopenia with a muscle index of 5.4 or less in the exercise group significantly decreased from 22 (38.6%) before program implementation to 13 (22.8%). According to the results of secondary effectiveness evaluation, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo) A were significantly increased in the exercise group compared to the control group, and Apo B, triglyceride, and c-reactive protein showed a significant decrease. Regular physical activity is very important for improving the health and QoL of elderly women, and as a result of applying a customized program, effects such as increased muscle index, improvement of sarcopenia, and improvement of blood lipid status were confirmed. Therefore, it is believed that the physical activity program developed through this study can be applied as a community program for elderly women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutritional Supplementation, Muscle Loss, Physical Performance and Exercise on Aging)
12 pages, 598 KiB  
Article
Association of Possible Sarcopenia or Sarcopenia with Body Composition, Nutritional Intakes, Serum Vitamin D Levels, and Physical Activity among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Taiwan
by Yu-Ting Hsu, Jian-Yu Lin, Chien-Ju Lin, Yau-Jiunn Lee and Wen-Hsin Chang
Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3892; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183892 - 7 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1483
Abstract
This study estimates the association between sarcopenia and blood biochemical parameters, nutritional intake, anthropometric measurements, physical performance, and physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Participants were recruited from a primary care clinic in Kaohsiung City. According to the diagnosis [...] Read more.
This study estimates the association between sarcopenia and blood biochemical parameters, nutritional intake, anthropometric measurements, physical performance, and physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Participants were recruited from a primary care clinic in Kaohsiung City. According to the diagnosis criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) in 2019, 110 patients with T2DM (aged 50–80 years) were divided into three groups: non-sarcopenia (n = 38), possible sarcopenia (n = 31), and sarcopenia (n = 41). Blood samples were collected, and nutritional intake was evaluated by a registered dietitian. A food frequency questionnaire and a Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire were used to assess their daily vitamin D intake and physical activity. There were significant differences in age, serum vitamin D levels, nutritional intake, anthropometric measurements, and physical performance between the three groups. In elderly patients with T2DM, reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and daily energy intake were significantly associated with possible sarcopenia. Age, lower BMI, reduced serum 25(OH)D, and reduced dietary protein and vitamin D intake were significantly associated with sarcopenia. These findings may serve as the basis for intervention trials to reduce the prevalence of sarcopenia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutritional Supplementation, Muscle Loss, Physical Performance and Exercise on Aging)
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16 pages, 3868 KiB  
Article
Rice Bran Supplementation Ameliorates Gut Dysbiosis and Muscle Atrophy in Ovariectomized Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet
by Pei-Xin Huang, Chiu-Li Yeh, Suh-Ching Yang, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Chao-Lin Chang, Li-Hsin Chen, Yen-Shuo Chiu and Wan-Chun Chiu
Nutrients 2023, 15(16), 3514; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15163514 - 9 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1445
Abstract
Rice bran, a byproduct of rice milling, is rich in fiber and phytochemicals and confers several health benefits. However, its effects on gut microbiota and obesity-related muscle atrophy in postmenopausal status remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of rice bran [...] Read more.
Rice bran, a byproduct of rice milling, is rich in fiber and phytochemicals and confers several health benefits. However, its effects on gut microbiota and obesity-related muscle atrophy in postmenopausal status remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of rice bran on gut microbiota, muscle synthesis, and breakdown pathways in estrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). ICR female mice were divided into five groups: sham, OVX mice receiving control diet (OC); OVX mice receiving HFD (OH); OVX mice receiving control diet and rice bran (OR); and OVX mice receiving HFD and rice bran (OHR). After twelve weeks, relative muscle mass and grip strength were high in rice bran diet groups. IL-6, TNF-α, MuRf-1, and atrogin-1 expression levels were lower, and Myog and GLUT4 were higher in the OHR group. Rice bran upregulated the expression of occludin and ZO-1 (gut tight junction proteins). The abundance of Akkermansiaceae in the cecum was relatively high in the OHR group. Our finding revealed that rice bran supplementation ameliorated gut barrier dysfunction and gut dysbiosis and also maintained muscle mass by downregulating the expression of MuRf-1 and atrogin-1 (muscle atrophy-related factors) in HFD-fed OVX mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutritional Supplementation, Muscle Loss, Physical Performance and Exercise on Aging)
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