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Behavioral Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent and Control Non-communicable Diseases

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2021) | Viewed by 24054

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Pilvikki Absetz

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Guest Editor

‎1. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
2. Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
3. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton 3053, Australia
Interests: behavioral interventions; implementation research; type 2 diabetes prevention; self-management of chronic diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue on “Behavioral Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent and Control Non-Communicable Diseases” will invite a wide range of research, with the common focus being on real-world implementation of interventions targeting dietary behaviors to promote public health. The range of non-communicable diseases addressed could include cardiometabolic diseases and common mental disorders, as well as co-morbidities of these two. Studies should target either prevention or management aspects or both. While most articles in this issue should present empirical research, also 1–2 review articles will be considered. Types of empirical research may cover formative research, description of intervention development, as well as evaluation of implementation and effectiveness outcomes.

Dr. Pilvikki Absetz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Behaviour change
Lifestyle change
Non-communicable diseases
Prevention
Self-management
Type 2 diabetes
Implementation research

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 309 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

The Effect of Lifestyle Intervention on Diabetes Prevention by Ethnicity: A Systematic Review of Intervention Characteristics Using the TIDieR Framework

by Mingling Chen, Gebresilasea Gendisha Ukke, Lisa J. Moran, Surbhi Sood, Christie J. Bennett, Mahnaz Bahri Khomami, Pilvikki Absetz, Helena Teede, Cheryce L. Harrison and Siew Lim

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4118; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114118 - 17 Nov 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3250

Abstract

Lifestyle intervention is effective in preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the efficacy of intervention components across different ethnic groups is less clear. This systematic review examined the effects of intervention characteristics of lifestyle interventions on diabetes incidence and weight loss by ethnicity using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) framework. MEDLINE, EMBASE and other databases were searched for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials on lifestyle interventions (diet and/or physical activity) in adults at risk of T2DM. Ethnicity was categorized into European, South Asian, East and Southeast Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American and African groups. Forty-five studies (18,789 participants) were included in the systematic review and 41 studies in meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a high number of intervention sessions was significantly associated with a greater reduction in diabetes incidence (P = 0.043) and weight (P = 0.015), while other intervention characteristics including intervention provider and delivery format did not alter the outcomes (all P > 0.05). Additionally, narrative synthesis showed long-term interventions (≥12 months) were associated with significant diabetes risk reduction for all ethnic groups, while short-term interventions (<12 months) were more effective in weight loss in most ethnic groups. There may be ethnic preferences for the optimal number of intervention sessions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavioral Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent and Control Non-communicable Diseases)

15 pages, 714 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Eating Competence Is Associated with Improved Diet Quality and Cardiometabolic Profile in Finnish Adults with Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

by Kirsikka Aittola, Leila Karhunen, Reija Männikkö, Elina Järvelä-Reijonen, Santtu Mikkonen, Pilvikki Absetz, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Ursula Schwab, Marja Harjumaa, Jaana Lindström, Timo Lakka, Tanja Tilles-Tirkkonen and Jussi Pihlajamäki

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4030; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114030 - 11 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3062

Abstract

Eating competence (EC) is characterized by positive attitudes towards food and eating, having regular meals, eating a variety of foods, and internally regulated eating. We investigated the associations of changes in EC with changes in lifestyle, anthropometrics and biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism in 2291 adults at increased risk of type 2 diabetes as part of the StopDia study conducted in primary healthcare. EC and diet quality were assessed with validated digital questionnaires. During the intervention, the participants received either (1) the digital lifestyle intervention, (2) the combined digital and face-to-face group-based lifestyle intervention, or (3) standard care. EC increased among the participants independent of the intervention type. Increase in EC was associated with an increase in diet quality, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and with a decrease in body mass index and waist circumference, regardless of baseline EC. Of the subdomains of EC, the contextual skills, food acceptance and eating attitudes were associated with various of these changes. Our results thus suggest that EC could be a potential target in lifestyle interventions aiming to improve the cardiometabolic health of people at type 2 diabetes risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavioral Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent and Control Non-communicable Diseases)

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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 1693 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intervention Fidelity Focusing on Interaction between Participants and Facilitators in a Telephone-Delivered Health Coaching Intervention for the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes

by Linda Timm, Ida Karlsson, Kristi Sidney Annerstedt, Pilvikki Absetz, Birger C. Forsberg, Meena Daivadanam and Helle Mølsted Alvesson

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3862; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113862 - 28 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3200

Abstract

Self-management support and lifestyle interventions with an empowerment approach have been found to be effective strategies for health improvement among people at risk for or living with type 2 diabetes. Telephone coaching seems particularly efficient for individuals with low socioeconomic status and culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. In this mixed methods study, we investigate a telephone-delivered health coaching intervention provided by the diabetes project SMART2D (Self-Management Approach and Reciprocal learning for Type 2 Diabetes) implemented in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Stockholm, Sweden. We focus on the interaction between participants and facilitators as part of intervention fidelity. Recorded coaching sessions were scored using an interaction tool and analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and recorded supervisory discussions with facilitators analyzed using thematic analysis. The quantitative analysis showed that the intervention components were delivered as intended; however, differences between facilitators were found. The qualitative data highlighted differences between facilitators in the delivery, especially in relation to dietary and physical activity goalsetting. The level of language skills hindered the delivery flow and the tailoring of sessions to participants’ needs led to different delivery styles. The interaction between facilitators and participants is an important aspect of intervention implementation. Tailoring of interventions is necessary, and language-skilled facilitators are needed to minimize barriers in intervention delivery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavioral Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent and Control Non-communicable Diseases)

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30 pages, 1622 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Choice Architecture Cueing to Healthier Dietary Choices and Physical Activity at the Workplace: Implementation and Feasibility Evaluation

by Eeva Rantala, Saara Vanhatalo, Tanja Tilles-Tirkkonen, Markus Kanerva, Pelle Guldborg Hansen, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Reija Männikkö, Jaana Lindström, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Kaisa Poutanen, Leila Karhunen and Pilvikki Absetz

Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3592; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103592 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3714

Abstract

Redesigning choice environments appears a promising approach to encourage healthier eating and physical activity, but little evidence exists of the feasibility of this approach in real-world settings. The aim of this paper is to portray the implementation and feasibility assessment of a 12-month mixed-methods intervention study, StopDia at Work, targeting the environment of 53 diverse worksites. The intervention was conducted within a type 2 diabetes prevention study, StopDia. We assessed feasibility through the fidelity, facilitators and barriers, and maintenance of implementation, building on implementer interviews (n = 61 informants) and observations of the worksites at six (t1) and twelve months (t2). We analysed quantitative data with Kruskall–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests and qualitative data with content analysis. Intervention sites altogether implemented 23 various choice architectural strategies (median 3, range 0–14 strategies/site), employing 21 behaviour change mechanisms. Quantitative analysis found implementation was successful in 66%, imperfect in 25%, and failed in 9% of evaluated cases. These ratings were independent of the ease of implementation of applied strategies and reminders that implementers received. Researchers’ assistance in intervention launch (p = 0.02) and direct contact to intervention sites (p < 0.001) predicted higher fidelity at t1, but not at t2. Qualitative content analysis identified facilitators and barriers related to the organisation, intervention, worksite environment, implementer, and user. Contributors of successful implementation included apt implementers, sufficient implementer training, careful planning, integration into worksite values and activities, and management support. After the study, 49% of the worksites intended to maintain the implementation in some form. Overall, the choice architecture approach seems suitable for workplace health promotion, but a range of practicalities warrant consideration while designing real-world implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavioral Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent and Control Non-communicable Diseases)

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17 pages, 2641 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Web-Based Personalized Nutrition System for Delivering Dietary Feedback Based on Behavior Change Techniques: Development and Pilot Study among Dietitians

by Kentaro Murakami, Nana Shinozaki, Shizuko Masayasu and M. Barbara E. Livingstone

Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3391; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103391 - 27 Sep 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3116

Abstract

Given the complex and varied nature of individual characteristics influencing dietary behaviors, personalized dietary advice may be more effective than generalized “one-size-fits-all” advice. In this paper, we describe a web-based personalized nutrition system for improving the quality of overall diet in the general adult population. The development process included identification of appropriate behavior change techniques, modification of dietary assessment method (Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire; MDHQ), selection of dietary components, and a personalized dietary feedback tool. A pilot study was conducted online among 255 dietitians. Each completed the MDHQ, received his/her own dietary feedback report, and evaluated the relevance of the report based on 12 questions using a 5-point Likert scale from “totally disagree” (score 1) to “totally agree” (score 5). The mean value of overall acceptability score of dietary feedback report was 4.2. The acceptability score was, on average, higher in plausible energy reporters (compared with implausible energy reporters), participants who printed out the report (compared with those who did not), and those spending ≥20 min to read the report (compared with those spending <20 min). This is the first attempt to develop a web-based personalized nutrition system in Japan, where dietitians were broadly supportive of the dietary feedback report. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavioral Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent and Control Non-communicable Diseases)

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19 pages, 2815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relative Importance of Determinants of Changes in Eating Behavior during the Transition to Parenthood: Priorities for Future Research and Interventions

by Vickà Versele, Phaedra Debekker, F. Marijn Stok, Dirk Aerenhouts, Peter Clarys, Benedicte Deforche, Eva D’Hondt, Roland Devlieger, Annick Bogaerts and Tom Deliens

Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2429; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072429 - 15 Jul 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2822

Abstract

Background: Healthy eating behavior throughout pregnancy and postpartum is important. This study aimed to investigate the perceived sex-specific importance of determinants of changes in eating behavior during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: Fifty-four determinants were rated by first-time parents (n = 179) on their impact. Experts (n = 31) rated the determinants in terms of their modifiability, relationship strength, and population-level effect from which a “priority for research”-score was calculated. Results: During pregnancy, the three highest rated determinants by women were “health concerns”, “physiological changes”, and “fatigue”. Men perceived “health concerns”, “health consciousness”, and “influence of the pregnant partner” as important. Postpartum, the three highest rated determinants by women were “adaptation to rhythm of baby”, “baby becomes priority”, and “practical constraints because of the baby”. Men perceived “adaptation to rhythm of baby”, “fatigue”. and “(lack of) anticipation” as important. According to the experts, “professional influence”, “food knowledge”, and “home food availability” received high priority scores for both sexes and during both periods. Conclusions: Priority for research and interventions should go towards tailored family-based approaches focusing on food education in a broad sense taking into account aspects such as health consciousness, self-efficacy skills, and the social and home food environment while being supported by healthcare professionals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavioral Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent and Control Non-communicable Diseases)

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Review

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13 pages, 302 KiB

Open AccessReview

Designing Lifestyle Interventions for Common Mental Disorders: What Can We Learn from Diabetes Prevention Programs?

by Rachelle S Opie, Felice N Jacka, Wolfgang Marx, Tetyana Rocks, Claire Young and Adrienne O’Neil

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3766; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113766 - 25 Oct 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3571

Abstract

Lifestyle factors including diet, sleep, physical activity, and substance use cessation, are recognised as treatment targets for common mental disorders (CMDs). As the field of lifestyle-based mental health care evolves towards effectiveness trials and real-world translation, it is timely to consider how such innovations can be integrated into clinical practice. This paper discusses the utility and scale-up of lifestyle interventions for CMDs and draws on diabetes prevention literature to identify enablers and barriers to translation efforts. We discuss the extent to which lifestyle interventions aimed at managing CMDs and preventing diabetes share commonalities (program content, theoretical underpinnings, program structures, interventionists, frameworks promoting fidelity, quality, sustainability). Specific considerations when utilising these programs for mental health include personalising content with respect to symptoms and trajectories of depression and anxiety, medication regimen and genetic risk profile. As this field moves from efficacy to effectiveness and implementation, it is important to ensure issues in implementation science, including “voltage drop”, “program drift”, logistics, funding, and resourcing, are in line with evidence-based models that are effective in research settings. Ongoing considerations includes who is best placed to deliver this care and the need for models to support implementation including long-term financing, workforce training, supervision, stakeholder and organisational support. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavioral Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent and Control Non-communicable Diseases)

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