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Diet to Treat Fatty Liver Disease

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 24578

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Henricus A. M. Mutsaers

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Guest Editor

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Interests: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; Chronic kidney disease; Organ fibrosis; Bile acids; Uremic toxins; Metabolic basis of disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of hepatic pathology ranging from steatosis to cirrhosis, and it is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents worldwide. NAFLD is becoming a global health burden due to rising rates of obesity and metabolic disease. Lifestyle and diet are key factors in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. In addition, genetics and gut microbiota also greatly impact disease development and progression. Therapeutic options for the treatment of NAFLD are sparse, therefore dietary and lifestyle modifications remain the primary and most effective mode of treatment. For this Special Issue we welcome papers that focus on the beneficial effects of macro- and micronutrients on the liver, modulation of gut microbiota and associated metabolites as potential NAFLD treatment as well as genome-nutrient interactions that can impact fatty liver disease.

Dr. Henricus A. M. Mutsaers
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Diet
Dietary supplements
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Gut microbiota
Nutrigenomics

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 1985 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Supplementation on Hepatic Gene Expression in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice

by Riitta Ryyti, Antti Pemmari, Rainer Peltola, Mari Hämäläinen and Eeva Moilanen

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3693; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113693 - 21 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3097

Abstract

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing worldwide in association with Western-style diet and increasing obesity. Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is rich in polyphenols and has been shown to attenuate adverse metabolic changes in obese liver. This paper investigated the effects of lingonberry supplementation on hepatic gene expression in high-fat diet induced obesity in a mouse model. C57BL/6N male mice were fed for six weeks with either a high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet (46% and 10% energy from fat, respectively) or HF diet supplemented with air-dried lingonberry powder (HF + LGB). HF diet induced a major phenotypic change in the liver, predominantly affecting genes involved in inflammation and in glucose and lipid metabolism. Lingonberry supplementation prevented the effect of HF diet on an array of genes (in total on 263 genes) associated particularly with lipid or glucose metabolic process (such as Mogat1, Plin4, Igfbp2), inflammatory/immune response or cell migration (such as Lcn2, Saa1, Saa2, Cxcl14, Gcp1, S100a10) and cell cycle regulation (such as Cdkn1a, Tubb2a, Tubb6). The present results suggest that lingonberry supplementation prevents HF diet-induced adverse changes in the liver that are known to predispose the development of NAFLD and its comorbidities. The findings encourage carrying out human intervention trials to confirm the results, with the aim of recommending the use of lingonberries as a part of healthy diet against obesity and its hepatic and metabolic comorbidities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet to Treat Fatty Liver Disease)

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21 pages, 25275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supplementation with a Specific Combination of Metabolic Cofactors Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatic Fibrosis, and Insulin Resistance in Mice

by Sergio Quesada-Vázquez, Marina Colom-Pellicer, Èlia Navarro-Masip, Gerard Aragonès, Josep M. Del Bas, Antoni Caimari and Xavier Escoté

Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3532; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103532 - 9 Oct 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3739

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have emerged as the leading causes of chronic liver disease in the world. Obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia are multifactorial risk factors strongly associated with NAFLD/NASH. Here, a specific combination of metabolic cofactors (a multi-ingredient; MI) containing precursors of glutathione (GSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) (betaine, N-acetyl-cysteine, L-carnitine and nicotinamide riboside) was evaluated as effective treatment for the NAFLD/NASH pathophysiology. Six-week-old male mice were randomly divided into control diet animals and animals exposed to a high fat and high fructose/sucrose diet to induce NAFLD. After 16 weeks, diet-induced NAFLD mice were distributed into two groups, treated with the vehicle (HFHFr group) or with a combination of metabolic cofactors (MI group) for 4 additional weeks, and blood and liver were obtained from all animals for biochemical, histological, and molecular analysis. The MI treatment reduced liver steatosis, decreasing liver weight and hepatic lipid content, and liver injury, as evidenced by a pronounced decrease in serum levels of liver transaminases. Moreover, animals supplemented with the MI cocktail showed a reduction in the gene expression of some proinflammatory cytokines when compared with their HFHFr counterparts. In addition, MI supplementation was effective in decreasing hepatic fibrosis and improving insulin sensitivity, as observed by histological analysis, as well as a reduction in fibrotic gene expression (Col1α1) and improved Akt activation, respectively. Taken together, supplementation with this specific combination of metabolic cofactors ameliorates several features of NAFLD, highlighting this treatment as a potential efficient therapy against this disease in humans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet to Treat Fatty Liver Disease)

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13 pages, 3434 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ethanol Extract of Liriope platyphylla Root Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice via Regulation of Lipogenesis and Lipid Uptake

by Trang Nu Huyen Le, Ho-Jung Choi and Hee-Sook Jun

Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3338; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103338 - 24 Sep 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3328

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disorder that causes excess lipid accumulation in the liver and is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease. Liriope platyphylla is a medicinal herb that has long been used to treat cough, obesity, and diabetes. However, the effect of Liriope platyphylla on NAFLD has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Liriope platyphylla root ethanolic extract (LPE) on hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed a HFD for 8 weeks and then treated with LPE (100 or 250 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for another 8 weeks. Body weight gain and liver weight were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg LPE-treated HFD group than in the vehicle-treated HFD group. Histological analysis of liver sections demonstrated that LPE treatment reduced lipid accumulation compared to the vehicle treatment. The serum total cholesterol, AST, and ALT levels significantly decreased in the LPE-treated HFD group compared to those in the vehicle-treated HFD group. The LPE significantly decreases the protein expression levels of SREBP1, ACC, p-ACC, FAS, and SCD1, which are involved in lipogenesis, and PPARγ, CD36/FAT, and FATP5, which are involved in fatty acid uptake, both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, LPE may attenuate HFD-induced NAFLD by decreasing lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet to Treat Fatty Liver Disease)

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12 pages, 2655 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Matcha Green Tea Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Responses

by Jihong Zhou, Yueer Yu, Lejia Ding, Ping Xu and Yuefei Wang

Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 1950; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061950 - 6 Jun 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6706

Abstract

Lately, matcha green tea has gained popularity as a beverage and food additive. It has proved to be effective in preventing obesity and related metabolic syndromes. However, the underlying mechanisms of its control effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are complicated and remain elusive. In the present study, we performed an in vivo experiment using male C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet and simultaneously treated with matcha for six weeks. Serum biochemical parameters, histological changes, lipid accumulation, inflammatory cytokines, and relevant indicators were examined. Dietary supplementation of matcha effectively prevented excessive accumulation of visceral and hepatic lipid, elevated blood glucose, dyslipidemia, abnormal liver function, and steatosis hepatitis. RNA sequencing analyses of differentially expressed genes in liver samples indicated that matcha treatment decreased the activity of lipid droplet-associated proteins and increased the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, suggesting improved metabolic capacity and liver function. The current study provided evidence for new dietary strategies based on matcha supplementation to ameliorate lipotoxicity-induced obesity and NALFD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet to Treat Fatty Liver Disease)

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13 pages, 2756 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gut Microbiota Induced by Pterostilbene and Resveratrol in High-Fat-High-Fructose Fed Rats: Putative Role in Steatohepatitis Onset

by Iñaki Milton-Laskibar, Laura Judith Marcos-Zambrano, Saioa Gómez-Zorita, Alfredo Fernández-Quintela, Enrique Carrillo de Santa Pau, J. Alfredo Martínez and María P. Portillo

Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1738; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051738 - 20 May 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4171

Abstract

Resveratrol and its 2-methoxy derivative pterostilbene are two phenolic compounds that occur in foodstuffs and feature hepato-protective effects. This study is devoted to analysing and comparing the metabolic effects of pterostilbene and resveratrol on gut microbiota composition in rats displaying NAFLD induced by a diet rich in saturated fat and fructose. The associations among changes induced by both phenolic compounds in liver status and those induced in gut microbiota composition were also analysed. For this purpose, fifty Wistar rats were distributed in five experimental groups: a group of animals fed a standard diet (CC group) and four additional groups fed a high-fat high-fructose diet alone (HFHF group) or supplemented with 15 or 30 mg/kg bw/d of pterostilbene (PT15 and PT30 groups, respectively) or 30 mg/kg bw/d of resveratrol (RSV30 group). The dramatic changes induced by high-fat high-fructose feeding in the gut microbiota were poorly ameliorated by pterostilbene or resveratrol. These results suggest that the specific changes in microbiota composition induced by pterostilbene (increased abundances of Akkermansia and Erysipelatoclostridium, and lowered abundance of Clostridum sensu stricto 1) may not entirely explain the putative preventive effects on steatohepatitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet to Treat Fatty Liver Disease)

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11 pages, 1133 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Animal Fat Intake Is Associated with Albuminuria in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

by Manuela Abbate, Catalina M. Mascaró, Sofía Montemayor, María Barbería-Latasa, Miguel Casares, Cristina Gómez, Lucia Ugarriza, Silvia Tejada, Itziar Abete, María Ángeles Zulet, Antoni Sureda, J. Alfredo Martínez and Josep A. Tur

Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1548; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051548 - 4 May 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2687

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diet could play a predisposing role in the development of increased albuminuria in patients with NAFLD and MetS; however, published evidence is still limited. The aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to assess whether dietary fats are associated with changes in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in 146 patients aged 40–60-years with NAFLD and MetS. Dietary data were collected by food frequency questionnaire; UACR was measured in a single first morning void. Sources and types of dietary fats used in the analysis were total fat, fats from animal and vegetable sources, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats. One-way analysis of variance was performed to assess differences in dietary fats intakes across stages of UACR. The association between dietary fats and UACR was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariable linear regression. Patients with increased UACR showed a worse cardiometabolic profile and higher intakes of animal fat, as compared to patients with normal levels of albuminuria. Animal fat intake was associated with mean UACR, independent of potential covariates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet to Treat Fatty Liver Disease)

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