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Dietary Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Diseases

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2019) | Viewed by 54470

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Julio Galvez

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Guest Editor

1. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
3. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Interests: polyphenols; antioxidant; immune response; microbiota; probiotics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polyphenols are compounds that are widely distributed throughout the vegetable kingdom, including edible plants. Different biological properties have been ascribed to these compounds, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory, which may be of great utility in acute and chronic conditions. In fact, the beneficial effects of various polyphenols on different cardiovascular-associated disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, and metabolic syndrome, are well-known. However, there is a clear demand from the scientific community to elucidate the exact mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects, like those concerning the impact of polyphenols on gut microbiota composition or the therapeutic properties of their metabolites generated after oral intake on cardiometabolic diseases.

This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Dietary Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Diseases”, welcomes the submission of manuscripts either describing original research or reviewing the scientific literature, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The proposed manuscripts should cover the effects of dietary polyphenols on cardiometabolic diseases, focused on the precise mechanisms involved, especially those related to the generation of metabolites and/or their impact on gut microbiota composition.

Dr. Julio Gálvez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Polyphenols
Obesity
Hypertension
Foods
Metabolites
Gut microbiota

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2456 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The Potential Synergistic Modulation of AMPK by Lippia citriodora Compounds as a Target in Metabolic Disorders

by Mariló Olivares-Vicente, Noelia Sánchez-Marzo, José Antonio Encinar, María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea, Jesús Lozano-Sánchez, Antonio Segura-Carretero, David Arraez-Roman, Catherine Riva, Enrique Barrajón-Catalán, María Herranz-López and Vicente Micol

Nutrients 2019, 11(12), 2961; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122961 - 4 Dec 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3347

Abstract

Lippia citriodora (LC) represents a complex plant-derived source of polyphenols and iridoids that has shown beneficial properties against obesity-related metabolic disorders. The complete extract and its major compound, verbascoside, have shown AMPK-activating capacity in cell and animal models. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of the different compounds present in the LC extract on the AMPK activation capacity of the whole extract. Semipreparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS) was used to identify the major compounds with bioassay-guided fractionation in an adipocyte cell model for the measurement of AMPK activity. Twenty-two compounds were identified and purified almost to homogeneity in 16 fractions, and three compounds, namely verbascoside, luteolin-7-diglucuronide and loganic acid, showed the highest AMPK-activating capacity. The synergy study using the checkerboard and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) methods exhibited synergistic behavior between loganic acid and luteolin-7-diglucuronide. Molecular docking experiments revealed that these three compounds might act as direct agonists of AMPK, binding to the AMP binding sites of the gamma subunit and/or the different sites of the interaction zones between the gamma and beta subunits. Although our findings conclude that the bioactivity of the extract is mainly due to verbascoside, the synergy found between loganic acid and luteolin-7-diglucuronide deserves further research aimed to develop optimized combinations of polyphenols as a new nutritional strategy against obesity-related metabolic disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Diseases)

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16 pages, 2293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ecklonia Cava Extract Attenuates Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Modulation of Inflammation and Brown Adipocyte Function in Perivascular Fat Tissue

by Myeongjoo Son, Seyeon Oh, Hye Sun Lee, Dong-Min Chung, Ji Tae Jang, You-Jin Jeon, Chang Hu Choi, Kook Yang Park, Kuk Hui Son and Kyunghee Byun

Nutrients 2019, 11(11), 2795; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112795 - 15 Nov 2019

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3838

Abstract

It is well known that perivascular fat tissue (PVAT) dysfunction can induce endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, an event which is related with various cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated whether Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) and pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB), one component of ECE, could attenuate EC dysfunction by modulating diet-induced PVAT dysfunction mediated by inflammation and ER stress. A high fat diet (HFD) led to an increase in the number and size of white adipocytes in PVAT; PPB and ECE attenuated those increases. Additionally, ECE and PPB attenuated: (i) an increase in the number of M1 macrophages and the expression level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), both of which are related to increases in macrophage infiltration and induction of inflammation in PVAT, and (ii) the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6, chemerin) in PVAT which led to vasoconstriction. Furthermore, ECE and PPB: (i) enhanced the expression of adiponectin and IL-10 which had anti-inflammatory and vasodilator effects, (ii) decreased HFD-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and (iii) attenuated the ER stress mediated reduction in sirtuin type 1 (Sirt1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression. Protective effects against decreased Sirt1 and PPARγ expression led to the restoration of uncoupling protein -1 (UCP-1) expression and the browning process in PVAT. PPB or ECE attenuated endothelial dysfunction by enhancing the pAMPK-PI3K-peNOS pathway and reducing the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1). In conclusion, PPB and ECE attenuated PVAT dysfunction and subsequent endothelial dysfunction by: (i) decreasing inflammation and ER stress, and (ii) modulating brown adipocyte function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Diseases)

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Review

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28 pages, 1138 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil

by Paola Ditano-Vázquez, José David Torres-Peña, Francisco Galeano-Valle, Ana Isabel Pérez-Caballero, Pablo Demelo-Rodríguez, José Lopez-Miranda, Niki Katsiki, Javier Delgado-Lista and Luis A. Alvarez-Sala-Walther

Nutrients 2019, 11(11), 2833; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112833 - 19 Nov 2019

Cited by 127 | Viewed by 13827

Abstract

A growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature, includes in its nutrients two fluid foods: olive oil, as the main source of fats, and a low-to-moderate consumption of wine, mainly red, particularly during meals. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet include a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as antithrombotic properties. Most of these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings. The principal classes of red wine polyphenols include flavonols (quercetin and myricetin), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), anthocyanin and stilbenes (resveratrol). Olive oil has at least 30 phenolic compounds. Among them, the main are simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), secoroids and lignans. The present narrative review focuses on phenols, part of red wine and virgin olive oil, discussing the evidence of their effects on lipids, blood pressure, atheromatous plaque and glucose metabolism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Diseases)

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15 pages, 272 KiB

Open AccessReview

Evidence on the Health Benefits of Supplemental Propolis

by Andrea Braakhuis

Nutrients 2019, 11(11), 2705; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112705 - 8 Nov 2019

Cited by 117 | Viewed by 17333

Abstract

Propolis is a honey-related product with reported health benefits such as improved immunity, lowered blood pressure, treated allergies and skin conditions. A literature review and narrative synthesis were conducted to investigate the evidence on the reported health benefits and future direction of propolis products. Using a predefined search strategy we searched Medline (OvidSP), Embase and Central for quantitative and qualitative studies (1990–2018). Citation, reference, hand searches and expert consultation were also undertaken. Studies of randomised control trials and observational data on humans with health-related outcomes were included. Collected data were entered into NVivo software (Version 12, QRS International) and analysed using a thematic framework and a narrative synthesis of emergent themes. A total of 63 publications were discussed. The majority were cell-based and animal studies, with a few key human trials conducted. There is significant promise for propolis as an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent with particular promise in cardiometabolic health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Diseases)

15 pages, 1484 KiB

Open AccessReview

Protective Effects of Probiotic Consumption in Cardiovascular Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

by Néstor de la Visitación, Iñaki Robles-Vera, Marta Toral and Juan Duarte

Nutrients 2019, 11(11), 2676; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112676 - 5 Nov 2019

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5544

Abstract

The prevalence of renal and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is higher than in general populations. Recently, a causal role of gut microbiota on the development of immune responses in SLE has been described. Probiotic consumption changes the composition of gut microbiota, preventing SLE progression. The aim of this review is to explore the role of the gut microbiota in the development of renal and cardiovascular disease in SLE and how probiotics could be a therapeutic option. Despite strong evidence on the beneficial effects of probiotics in the development of autoimmunity and nephritis in SLE, only a few studies described the protective effects of Lactobacillus in important risk factors for CVD, such as endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in mice. The preventive effects of probiotics in renal and CVD in humans have not been established yet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Diseases)

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35 pages, 720 KiB

Open AccessReview

Dietary Polyphenols—Important Non-Nutrients in the Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases. A Systematic Review

by Wojciech Koch

Nutrients 2019, 11(5), 1039; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051039 - 9 May 2019

Cited by 149 | Viewed by 9783

Abstract

The improvement of the social and economic conditions of society has eliminated the threat of death from the majority of infectious diseases. However, the rapid progress of civilization has created new possibilities for the appearance of factors with adverse effects for the health of society. This has led to increased morbidity from certain diseases, the presence of which had not been observed several centuries ago. Chronic noncommunicable diseases (e.g., cancers, cardio-vascular disorders, diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases) result from an inappropriate relationship between people and their environment. The common characteristic for all chronic diseases is a “new” form of inflammation, very often called metaflammation, which is considered as a subclinical, permanent inflammation. As a result, metabolic cascade, including cellular oxidative stress, atherosclerotic process, and insulin resistance, occurs, which slowly generates significant deterioration in the organism. Polyphenols are the major group of non-nutrients, considering their diversity, food occurrence, and biological properties. The current review aims to present a wide spectrum of literature data, including the molecular mechanism of their activity and experimental model used, and summarize the recent findings on the multitude of physiological effects of dietary polyphenols towards the prevention of several chronic diseases. However, despite several studies, the estimation of their dietary intake is troublesome and inconclusive, which will be also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Diseases)

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