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Micronutrients and Autoimmune Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 8265

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Guest Editor
Department of “Medicina dei Sistemi”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Interests: rheumatic diseases; autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases; spondyloarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; dietary interventions in rheumatological diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals that have an important role in the body’s health, since they are involved in the production of enzymes, hormones, and other substances essential for normal growth and body development. Indeed, micronutrients play an important role in immunomodulatory processes through their interactions with both innate and adaptative immunity, as well as by influencing the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. Micronutrient serum levels depend on multiple factors, such as nutrition, the gut microbiome, age, inflammation, and gender. Gender differences also affect the colon luminal environment, which is in turn dependent on the status of B vitamins. Among pathological conditions it is possible to list the following: anemia related to lower iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (B12) levels; reduced bone mineral density, mainly related to low calcium and 25(OH) D); a high risk of a pro-thrombotic state, linked to folic acid and B12; and chronic bowel inflammation, in which folic acid, calcium, and 25(OH)D play a key role in the pathogenesis. A deficiency in micronutrients has been documented to be common among patients with autoimmune disorders, associated with a heightened inflammatory status and comorbidities. In this Special Issue we aim to evaluate the relationship between micronutrients and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of, clinical patterns of, and therapeutical approaches to autoimmune diseases.

Dr. Maria Sole Chimenti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • micronutrients
  • autoimmunity
  • autoimmune diseases
  • vitamin
  • minerals
  • metabolism

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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13 pages, 332 KiB  
Review
Metabolic Disorders and Psoriasis: Exploring the Role of Nutritional Interventions
by Marco Cintoni, Marta Palombaro, Fabio Stefano Maramao, Pauline Raoul, Gabriele Egidi, Elena Leonardi, Luca Bianchi, Elena Campione, Emanuele Rinninella, Antonio Gasbarrini and Maria Cristina Mele
Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3876; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183876 - 6 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4069
Abstract
(1) Background: Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease with a close relationship with metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The aim of this review was to identify the relationship between psoriasis, metabolic diseases, and dietetic therapies. According to recent findings, there [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease with a close relationship with metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The aim of this review was to identify the relationship between psoriasis, metabolic diseases, and dietetic therapies. According to recent findings, there is a strong association between psoriasis and obesity as well as vitamin D and micronutrient deficiencies. (2) Methods: This review was conducted via PubMed, aiming to search for studies involving psoriasis linked with metabolic disorders or with nutritional treatments. (3) Results: Our review shows that a healthy lifestyle can positively influence the course of the disease. The maintaining of a proper body weight together with physical activity and good nutritional choices are associated with an improvement in psoriasis severity. A Mediterranean diet rich in fiber, vitamins, and polyphenols may indeed be a strategy for controlling psoriasis symptoms. The effectiveness of this diet lies not only in its anti-inflammatory power, but also in its ability to favorably influence the intestinal microbiota and counteract dysbiosis, which is a risk factor for many autoimmune diseases. (4) Conclusions: In synergy with standard therapy, the adoption of an appropriate diet can be recommended to improve the clinical expression of psoriasis and reduce the incidence of comorbidities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients and Autoimmune Diseases)
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Other

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14 pages, 4370 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effects of Selenium Supplementation in the Treatment of Autoimmune Thyroiditis: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
by Yong-Sheng Wang, Shan-Shan Liang, Jun-Jie Ren, Zi-Yi Wang, Xin-Xin Deng, Wen-Di Liu, Yi-Long Yan, Gui-Hang Song and Xiu-Xia Li
Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3194; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143194 - 19 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3828
Abstract
Objective: The available evidence on selenium supplementation in the treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) was inconclusive. This research serves to assess the effects of selenium supplementation in the treatment of AIT. Methods: Online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane [...] Read more.
Objective: The available evidence on selenium supplementation in the treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) was inconclusive. This research serves to assess the effects of selenium supplementation in the treatment of AIT. Methods: Online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 10 June 2022. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. The information on the randomized controlled trials of the included studies was extracted and synthesized. The GRADE system was used to assess the certainty of evidence. Results: A total of 6 systematic reviews with 75 RCTs were included. Only one study was rated as high quality. The meta-analysis showed that in the levothyroxine (LT4)-treated population, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) levels decreased significantly in the selenium group at 3 months (SMD = −0.53, 95% CI: [−0.89, −0.17], p < 0.05, very low certainty) and 6 months (SMD = −1.95, 95% CI: [−3.17, −0.74], p < 0.05, very low certainty) and that thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) levels were not decreased. In the non-LT4-treated population, TPO-Ab levels decreased significantly in the selenium group at 3 and 6 months and did not decrease at 12 months. Tg-Ab levels decreased significantly in the selenium group at 3 and 6 months and did not decrease at 12 months. The adverse effects reported in the selenium group were not significantly different from those in the control group, and the certainty of evidence was low. Conclusion: Although selenium supplementation might reduce TPO-Ab levels at 3 and 6 months and Tg-Ab levels at 3 and 6 months in the non-LT4-treated population, this was based on a low certainty of evidence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients and Autoimmune Diseases)
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