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Dietary Effects on Human Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2020) | Viewed by 13560

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ronald P. Mensink

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Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Interests: lipids; bioactive nutrients; cardiometabolic health; metabolic syndrome; dietary intervention studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Jogchum Plat

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Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Interests: cholesterol metabolism; lipoproteins; plant sterols; CVD; NASH

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well known that diet is a corner stone to prevent or ameliorate disturbances in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, a characteristic of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes type 2 mellitus, and obesity. Initially, the focus was on the effects of single nutrients on fasted single risk markers. No doubt, these studies have provided valuable information, also on underlying mechanisms. In recent years, however, there has been increasing interest into the effects of foods and food patterns on both fasting and postprandial lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. It has also become evident that human genotypes and phenotypes may affect responses to dietary changes.

This Special Issue now welcomes original research and reviews that focus on the relation between diet and human lipid or lipoprotein metabolism. It is not only studies with physiological outcomes that are welcomed, but also studies that provide mechanistic insights.

Prof. Dr. Ronald P. Mensink
Prof. Dr. Jogchum Plat
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Dietary patterns
Foods
Nutrients
Bioactive ingredients
Human
Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 948 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diet and Nutraceutical Supplementation in Dyslipidemic Patients: First Results of an Italian Single Center Real-World Retrospective Analysis

by Andrea Pasta, Elena Formisano, Anna Laura Cremonini, Elio Maganza, Erika Parodi, Sabrina Piras and Livia Pisciotta

Nutrients 2020, 12(7), 2056; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072056 - 10 Jul 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2864

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemias are a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders mainly characterized by an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or other conditions, such as acute pancreatitis in hypertriglyceridemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diet treatment and nutraceutical (NUTs) supplementation on the plasma lipid profile in outpatient dyslipidemic subjects, considering the influence of several factors (i.e., gender, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits). Methods: 487 dyslipidemic patients spanning from 2015 to 2019 were treated with a Mediterranean diet or NUTs in a real-word setting and were retrospectively analyzed. General characteristics and lipid profile at baseline and after the follow-up period were evaluated. Results: Diet alone reduced total cholesterol (−19 mg/dL, −7.7%), LDL cholesterol (−18 mg/dL, −10.1%), and triglycerides (−20 mg/dL, −16.7%). Triglycerides (TG) decreased more in men, while women were associated with higher reduction of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Different types of NUTs further ameliorate lipid profiles when associated with diet. Nevertheless, most patients at low ASCVD risk (222 out of 262, 81.6%) did not achieve the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines recommended LDL-C goals (i.e., LDL-C < 116 mg/dL). Conclusion: Lipid-lowering diet improves lipid profile, and NUTs can boost its efficacy, but taken together they are mainly unsatisfactory with respect to the targets imposed by 2019 EAS/ESC guidelines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Effects on Human Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism)

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Review

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19 pages, 1274 KiB

Open AccessReview

Diet and Lp(a): Does Dietary Change Modify Residual Cardiovascular Risk Conferred by Lp(a)?

by Byambaa Enkhmaa, Kristina S. Petersen, Penny M. Kris-Etherton and Lars Berglund

Nutrients 2020, 12(7), 2024; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072024 - 07 Jul 2020

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 10248

Abstract

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent, causal, genetically determined risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We provide an overview of current knowledge on Lp(a) and CVD risk, and the effect of pharmacological agents on Lp(a). Since evidence is accumulating that diet modulates Lp(a), the focus of this paper is on the effect of dietary intervention on Lp(a). We identified seven trials with 15 comparisons of the effect of saturated fat (SFA) replacement on Lp(a). While replacement of SFA with carbohydrate, monounsaturated fat (MUFA), or polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) consistently lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), heterogeneity in the Lp(a) response was observed. In two trials, Lp(a) increased with carbohydrate replacement; one trial showed no effect and another showed Lp(a) lowering. MUFA replacement increased Lp(a) in three trials; three trials showed no effect and one showed lowering. PUFA or PUFA + MUFA inconsistently affected Lp(a) in four trials. Seven trials of diets with differing macronutrient compositions showed similar divergence in the effect on LDL-C and Lp(a). The identified clinical trials show diet modestly affects Lp(a) and often in the opposing direction to LDL-C. Further research is needed to understand how diet affects Lp(a) and its properties, and the lack of concordance between diet-induced LDL-C and Lp(a) changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Effects on Human Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism)

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