Nutrients

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kyle D. Flack

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Guest Editor

Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
Interests: obesity treatment; exercise physiology; underlying physiology promoting eating and exercise behaviors

Dr. Shanon L. Casperson

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Guest Editor

Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2402 2nd Ave. N., Stop 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
Interests: dietary protein; the role of dietary protein in metabolic health; energy metabolism; eating behaviors; skeletal muscle metabolism; macronutrients and food reinforcement; obesity
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity continues to be a prime threat to the health and wellbeing of nearly all nations. The resulting comorbidities, reduced life span, increased healthcare costs, and diminished mental health have made obesity treatment one of the most high-impact areas of research to date. There is growing interest in the role(s) dietary protein or specific amino acids may play in the regulation of appetite and energy intake, metabolic function and energy expenditure, skeletal muscle health, and other processes that have been linked to obesity treatment and/or weight loss maintenance.

The present special issue titled “The Role of Dietary Protein in Obesity Treatment/Weight Loss Maintenance” intends to update the knowledge base and provide readers with a vast array of research seeking to elucidate the roles dietary protein plays in obesity treatment or weight loss maintenance. Both original research and reviews (systematic or meta-analysis) will be accepted and not limited to a specific population (healthy individuals, animal studies, bariatric surgery patients, etc.).

Dr. Kyle D. Flack
Dr. Shanon L. Casperson
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

obesity
weight loss maintenance
dietary protein
metabolic alterations
amino acids
eating behaviors

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 300 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Protein Supplementation with Short Peptides Prevents Early Muscle Mass Loss after Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass

by Marta Comas Martínez, Enzamaria Fidilio Meli, Fiorella Palmas Candia, Efrain Cordero, Irene Hernández, Ramon Vilallonga, Rosa Burgos, Anna Vila, Rafael Simó and Andreea Ciudin

Nutrients 2022, 14(23), 5095; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235095 - 01 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2524

Abstract

Introduction: A significant reduction in fat-free mass (FFM) following bariatric surgery (BS) has been reported, and adequate protein intake is recommended for FFM preservation. Current guidelines of nutritional management after BS recommend complex protein (CP) compounds. However, Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) has a negative impact on CP digestion, leading to protein malabsorption. At present, there is no data regarding the impact of early supplementation with short peptide-based (SPB) or hydroxy methylbutyrate (HMB)-enriched formulas on the evolution of the FFM after the BS. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nutritional products based on CP, HBM-enriched, or SPB formulas on the FFM of patients that undergo RYGB. Material and methods: This is a prospective interventional study, including three groups of patients (according to the type of protein product) as candidates for BS, recruited between December 2021 and April 2022, matched by age, gender, and BMI. All patients underwent evaluations at baseline and one month post-BS, including: medical history, physical and anthropometric evaluation, bioimpedance, and biochemical analysis. Results: A total of 60 patients were recruited: 63% women, mean age 43.13 ± 9.4 years, and BMI 43.57 ± 4.1 kg/m². The % of FFM loss from total weight loss (TWL) was significantly lower in the SPB group than CP and HMB groups despite the major %TWL in this group (40.60 ± 17.27 in CP, 34.57 ± 13.15 in HMB, and 19.14 ± 9.38 in SPB, p < 0.001). TWL% was 9.98 ± 1.82 vs. 9.83 ± 2.71 vs. 13.56 ± 4.30, p < 0.001, respectively. Conclusion: In our study, the SPB supplementation prevented almost 50% FFM lost from the TWL than the CP- or HMB-enriched compounds at one month post-BS. These results are significant in the setting of muscle mass preservation after the BS, and have the potential to change the current guidelines for the management of nutritional supplementation after BS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Dietary Protein in Obesity Treatment/Weight Loss Maintenance)

Review

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14 pages, 476 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Dietary Protein in Body Weight Regulation among Active-Duty Military Personnel during Energy Deficit: A Systematic Review

by Robert E. Anderson 3rd, Shanon L. Casperson, Hannah Kho and Kyle D. Flack

Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3948; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183948 - 12 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1089

Abstract

Active-duty military personnel are subjected to sustained periods of energy deficit during combat and training, leaving them susceptible to detrimental reductions in body weight. The importance of adequate dietary protein intake during periods of intense physical training is well established, where previous research has primarily focused on muscle protein synthesis, muscle recovery, and physical performance. Research on how protein intake may influence body weight regulation in this population is lacking; therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate the role of dietary protein in body weight regulation among active-duty military during an energy deficit. A literature search based on fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria was performed. English language peer-reviewed journal articles from inception to 3 June 2023 were selected for extraction and quality assessment. Eight studies were identified with outcomes described narratively. The study duration ranged from eight days to six months. Protein was directly provided to participants in all studies except for one. Three studies supplied additional protein via supplementation. The Downs and Black Checklist was used to assess study quality. Five studies were classified as good, two as fair, and one as excellent. All studies reported mean weight loss following energy deficit: the most severe was 4.0 kg. Protein dose during energy deficit varied from 0.5 g/kg/day to 2.4 g/kg/day. Six studies reported mean reductions in fat mass, with the largest being 4.5 kg. Four studies reported mean reductions in fat-free mass, while two studies reported an increase. Results support the recommendation that greater than 0.8 g/kg/day is necessary to mitigate the impact of energy deficit on a decline in lean body mass, while intakes up to 1.6 g/kg/day may be preferred. However, exact recommendations cannot be inferred as the severity and duration of energy deficit varied across studies. Longer and larger investigations are needed to elucidate protein’s role during energy deficit in active-duty military. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Dietary Protein in Obesity Treatment/Weight Loss Maintenance)

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