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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2020) | Viewed by 20811

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Prof. Dr. Leah Gramlich

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Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada；Royal Alexandra Hosipital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada.
Interests: nutrition; gastroenterology; ERAS; implementation; cancer
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The topic of surgery and nutrition is evolving as surgical practice evolves to embrace concepts related to enhanced recovery after surgery. In association with this evolution, novel concepts in nutritional care in surgical patients are being developed and studied, including the use of pre-operative nutrition risk screening and optimization, prehabillitation strategies in patients at risk, post-operative early feeding and mobilization, and enhanced and coordinated surgical care that mitigates complications such as ileus and nausea which may preclude oral intake for patients. In addition, the range of surgeries is broad and ranges from shorter length-of-stay surgeries, such as caesarian section (the most common surgery), to complex, potentially long-length-of-stay surgeries, such as organ transplantation in patients with poly morbidity. These considerations will impact nutrition care in individual patients. This Special Issue of Nutrients aims to address cutting edge advances in nutrition research and care in patients undergoing surgery.

Prof. Leah Gramlich
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

nutrition
surgery
ERAS
parenteral nutrition
anabolism
cancer therapy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 553 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Lupin-Enriched Biscuits as Substitute Mid-Meal Snacks on Post-Prandial Interstitial Glucose Excursions in Post-Surgical Hospital Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

by Sophie Skalkos, George Moschonis, Colleen J. Thomas, Joanna McMillan and Antigone Kouris-Blazos

Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1239; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051239 - 27 Apr 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4301

Abstract

Hospital biscuit snacks offered to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients may adversely affect glycaemic control. This study investigated the effect of lupin mid-meal biscuit snacks, compared to spelt or standard hospital biscuits, on interstitial glucose levels in post-operative T2DM inpatients. In a pilot cross-over pragmatic study, 20 patients (74 ± 12 years) consumed, in order, lupin biscuits (20% lupin), wholemeal spelt and standard plain sweet biscuits as mid-meal snacks (2 biscuits each for morning and afternoon tea) on three consecutive days. Continuous glucose monitoring, appetite perceptions and bowel motions were recorded. Glucose levels were not significantly different in the first 90 min after mid-meal biscuit consumption at morning and afternoon tea, irrespective of type. However, after consuming the lupin biscuits only, glucose levels were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced 90 min postprandially after dinner, indicating a potential second-meal effect. Patients also reported improved satiety after lupin biscuit consumption on day 1, compared to days 2 and 3 (p = 0.018). These findings suggest that lupin-enriched biscuits may improve both glycaemic control and satiety in hospitalised T2DM patients, potentially contributing to reduced length of stay. Larger controlled studies are warranted to confirm these findings and inform potential revision of hospital menu standards for T2DM patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgery and Nutrition)

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11 pages, 537 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Body Image, Emotional Eating and Psychological Distress among Bariatric Surgery Candidates in Israel and the United States

by Shulamit Geller, Sigal Levy, Ofra Hyman, Paul L. Jenkins, Subhi Abu-Abeid and Gil Goldzweig

Nutrients 2020, 12(2), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020490 - 14 Feb 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3070

Abstract

Background: The present study aimed to examine the relations between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and psychological distress variables among bariatric surgery candidates from two distinct cultures in Israel and in the United States. Methods: A sample of consecutive pre-surgical bariatric candidates was recruited from a Bariatric Center in Israel (N = 114) and a Bariatric Center in the Unites States (N = 81). Body image dissatisfaction (BID-BSQ8), suicidal ideation (SBQ-R), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), anxious symptoms (PHQ-7), and emotional eating behaviors (EES), were measured. Mediation models were assessed using path analysis. Results: BID was positively correlated with suicidality, depression, and anxiety in both samples. The relations between BID depression and anxiety were mediated by emotional eating in both cultures. However, the relation between BID and suicidality that was mediated by emotional eating in the Israeli sample, was reflected in a direct link between BID and suicidality in the US sample. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the adverse effect of BID on psychological distress among surgery candidates in both cultures, emphasizing the intercultural similarities related to emotional eating behavior. Physicians and other health professionals are encouraged to be more attentive to this specific behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgery and Nutrition)

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14 pages, 408 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery with Preoperative Whey Protein-Infused Carbohydrate Loading and Postoperative Early Oral Feeding among Surgical Gynecologic Cancer Patients: An Open-Labelled Randomized Controlled Trial

by Ho Chiou Yi, Zuriati Ibrahim, Zalina Abu Zaid, Zulfitri ‘Azuan Mat Daud, Nor Baizura Md. Yusop, Jamil Omar, Mohd Norazam Mohd Abas, Zuwariah Abdul Rahman and Norshariza Jamhuri

Nutrients 2020, 12(1), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010264 - 20 Jan 2020

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 6803

Abstract

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) with sole carbohydrate (CHO) loading and postoperative early oral feeding (POEOF) shortened the length of postoperative (PO) hospital stays (LPOHS) without increasing complications. This study aimed to examine the impact of ERAS with preoperative whey protein-infused CHO loading and POEOF among surgical gynecologic cancer (GC) patients. There were 62 subjects in the intervention group (CHO-P), which received preoperative whey protein-infused CHO loading and POEOF; and 56 subjects formed the control group (CO), which was given usual care. The mean age was 49.5 ± 12.2 years (CHO-P) and 51.2 ± 11.9 years (CO). The trial found significant positive results which included shorter LPOHS (78.13 ± 33.05 vs. 99.49 ± 22.54 h); a lower readmission rate within one month PO (6% vs. 16%); lower weight loss (−0.3 ± 2.3 kg vs. −2.1 ± 2.3 kg); a lower C-reactive protein–albumin ratio (0.3 ± 1.2 vs. 1.1 ± 2.6); preserved muscle mass (0.4 ± 1.7 kg vs. −0.7 ± 2.6 kg); and better handgrip strength (0.6 ± 4.3 kg vs. −1.9 ± 4.7 kg) among CHO-P as compared with CO. However, there was no significant difference in mid-upper arm circumference and serum albumin level upon discharge. ERAS with preoperative whey protein-infused CHO loading and POEOF assured better PO outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgery and Nutrition)

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Review

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13 pages, 577 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Preoperative Parenteral Nutrition

by Narisorn Lakananurak and Leah Gramlich

Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051320 - 06 May 2020

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6024

Abstract

Malnutrition is associated with poor surgical outcomes, and therefore optimizing nutritional status preoperatively is very important. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature related to preoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) and to provide current evidence based guidance. A systemic online search of PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Databases from January 1990 to February 2020 was done. Sixteen studies were included in this narrative review, including four meta-analyses and twelve clinical trials. The majority of studies have demonstrated benefits of preoperative PN on postoperative outcomes, including reduced postoperative complications (8/10 studies) and postoperative length of stay (3/4 studies). Preoperative PN is indicated in malnourished surgical patients who cannot achieve adequate nutrient intake by oral or enteral nutrition. It can be seen that most studies showing benefits of preoperative PN often included patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (10/12 studies), which gastrointestinal problems are commonly seen and enteral nutrition may be not feasible. When preoperative PN is indicated, adequate energy and protein should be provided, and patients should receive at least seven days of PN prior to surgery. The goal of preoperative PN is not weight regain, but rather repletion of energy, protein, micronutrients, and glycogen stores. Complications associated with preoperative PN are rarely seen in previous studies. In order to prevent and mitigate the potential complications such as refeeding syndrome, optimal monitoring and early management of micronutrient deficiencies is required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgery and Nutrition)

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