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Renewable Polymeric Adhesives II

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Circular and Green Polymer Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 8638

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
LERMAB, Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur le MAteriau Bois, Université de Lorraine, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, CS60036, 88021 Epinal, France
Interests: polycondensation; resins; adhesives; thermosetting polymers for adhesives; natural polymers for industrial use; fibrous and wood composites; polymeric wood constituents (cellulose, lignin, tannins)
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are welcoming submissions to the second issue of “Renewable Polymeric Adhesives”. Due to the great interest in the first issue and the considerable number of citations of the ensemble of papers that were published within, the Editorial Board decided to reopen this Special Issue to focus on technologies currently emerging in the field of adhesives and binders.

Renewable polymeric adhesives is an area for which interest is growing for all areas of polymer chemistry and polymer applications, and an area of primary development area for “green” chemistry. Adhesives in this area are inevitably coming of age, and coming rather rapidly. Thus, proteins such as soy proteins, albumin, and gluten; as well as their combinations with carbohydrates such as in soy flour; natural polyphenolics such as a variety of tannins and lignins; carbohydrates such as chitosans, glucose, sucrose, sorbitol, and others; as well as all sorts of sustainable, renewable materials such as citric acid, isorsobide, cashewnut liquid, and others are starting to find their place as total binders or even as partial support for synthetic polymers in many areas of adhesion: from wood and natural fibres to steel, aluminium, and other metals, plastics, glass fibres, foundry sands, and many others.

This Special Issue is aimed at collecting cutting-edge original research papers and reviews on the main areas where biosourced polymeric adhesives from renewable materials are under development and under particular focus, and throughout the vast variety of adhesives in use today, from acrylics to epoxies, polyurethanes, and all others.

Prof. Dr. Antonio Pizzi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • biosourced polyurethane adhesives
  • biosourced acrylic adhesives
  • biosourced epoxy adhesives
  • biosourced phenolic adhesives
  • biosourced aminoplastic adhesives
  • biosourced furanic adhesives
  • protein adhesives

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 804 KiB  
Article
Improved Wood-Bond Strengths Using Soy and Canola Flours with pMDI and PAE
by Mahsa Barzegar, Linda F. Lorenz, Rabi Behrooz and Charles R. Frihart
Polymers 2022, 14(7), 1272; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071272 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1811
Abstract
The surprising lack of literature on using the very common wood adhesive polymeric methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) with protein adhesives may be because of perceived poor improvement of protein wet strength. Reacting pMDI with the flour (soy or canola) before adding water unexpectedly improves [...] Read more.
The surprising lack of literature on using the very common wood adhesive polymeric methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) with protein adhesives may be because of perceived poor improvement of protein wet strength. Reacting pMDI with the flour (soy or canola) before adding water unexpectedly improves wood bonding compared to adding the pMDI to an aqueous protein slurry. Mixing the liquid pMDI with the oilseed flour produces a free-flowing powder with up to 50% of pMDI to flour by weight. The mixture slowly reacts since the isocyanate band in the infrared spectra remains for several days but diminishes with time. Adding pMDI increases the dry and wet strength of wood bonds using Automated Bonding Evaluation System (ABES) testing and levels off at about 50%. Similarly, adding the polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) cross-linker to the oilseed flour increases dry and wet bond strength, but the effect levels off at about 20% of PAE. However, the combination of these two cross-linkers added to the flours results in greater dry and wet shear strength than either one alone. In addition to tests using ABES (ASTM D 7998), the increase in strengths is also observed—but with a diminished effect—in bonding plywood using the interior plywood strength test ASTM D 906. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Polymeric Adhesives II)
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10 pages, 2004 KiB  
Article
A Study of Concept to Prepare Totally Biosourced Wood Adhesives from Only Soy Protein and Tannin
by Saman Ghahri, Antonio Pizzi and Reza Hajihassani
Polymers 2022, 14(6), 1150; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14061150 - 13 Mar 2022
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3287
Abstract
This is a study of concept on the initial application for wood adhesives totally biosourced from the covalent reaction between soy protein isolate (SPI) and a commercial flavonoid tannin, namely quebracho tannin. The adhesive is composed exclusively of the two vegetable biomaterials mentioned [...] Read more.
This is a study of concept on the initial application for wood adhesives totally biosourced from the covalent reaction between soy protein isolate (SPI) and a commercial flavonoid tannin, namely quebracho tannin. The adhesive is composed exclusively of the two vegetable biomaterials mentioned and thus is totally biosourced and non-toxic, as tannin has been classified as being not at all toxic by the European Commission REACH program. The pre-reaction between the two yielded the best plywood bonding results when limited to a temperature of 40 °C, final cross-linking being achieved during the plywood higher temperature hot pressing procedure, as for any other thermosetting adhesive. Pre-reaction at higher temperatures, namely 60 °C and 80 °C, achieved extensive premature cross-linking that lost any activity to cross-link further when hot pressed for preparing plywood. The reaction was followed by thermomechanical analysis, by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI ToF) mass spectrometry, and by plywood shear strength tested dry, after a 24 h cold water soak and 1 h in boiling water. The adhesive of this approach lends itself to be further reinforced by the multitude of approaches on soy resins already developed by several other research groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Polymeric Adhesives II)
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10 pages, 2952 KiB  
Article
Graphene Oxide Functionalized Cottonseed-Lignin Resin with Enhanced Wet Adhesion for Woody Composites Application
by Zhiqiang Zhu, Erbing Zhang, Qinzhi Zeng, Jiuping Rao and Nairong Chen
Polymers 2022, 14(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14010001 - 21 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2460
Abstract
With rising interior air pollution, health, and food shortage concerns, wood adhesives derived from non-food sustainable materials have therefore attracted considerable attention. Here we developed an eco-friendly cottonseed-lignin adhesive consisting of non-food defatted cottonseed flour (DCF), alkali lignin (AL), and graphene oxide (GO). [...] Read more.
With rising interior air pollution, health, and food shortage concerns, wood adhesives derived from non-food sustainable materials have therefore attracted considerable attention. Here we developed an eco-friendly cottonseed-lignin adhesive consisting of non-food defatted cottonseed flour (DCF), alkali lignin (AL), and graphene oxide (GO). The cation-π interaction, and hydrogen and covalent bonds between AL@GO and DCF collectively enhanced the cross-linking structure of the cured cottonseed-lignin adhesive, based on the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and sol-gel tests. The high performance of the developed cottonseed-lignin adhesive was evidenced by its increased wet/dry shear strength and decreased rheological properties before curing and improved thermal stability and decreased soluble substances after curing. Particularly, the highest wet shear strength of poplar plywood bonded with cottonseed-lignin adhesive was 1.08 MPa, which increased by 74.2 and 54.3% as compared to the control and requirement of the Chinese standard GB/T 9846-2015 for interior plywood (≥0.7 MPa), respectively. The technology and resultant adhesives showed great potential in the preparation of green woody composites for many applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Polymeric Adhesives II)
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