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Polymers
Special Issues
Research and Application of Polymer Adhesives
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Research and Application of Polymer Adhesives

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2024 | Viewed by 10060

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hong Chi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
Interests: functional polymer; polymer composites; sensing; bio-enineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As seen in the growth of the global market and publications, polymer adhesives have been widely used in aerospace, automotive, construction, electronics, as well as driving the development of the healthcare industry. So far, different types of synthetic polymer adhesive additives, including synthesis methods, properties, and applications of composite materials have been extensively explored. In addition, bio-sourced materials are expected to be promising candidates to synthetic ones due to their availability, renewability, and sustainability. Smart adhesives developed in recent years have also shown broad application prospects in sensing, monitoring, and self-healing.

This Special Issue aims to provide new insights and achievements in polymeric adhesives, which are not limited to the synthesis, fabrication, functionalization of synthetic or natural polymers and their smart applications, but also provide inspiration for future generations, such as sensing, self-healing, reinforcing, and tissue engineering, etc.

Dr. Hong Chi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5738 KiB  
Article
Effect of Synthetic Low-Odor Thiol-Based Hardeners Containing Hydroxyl and Methyl Groups on the Curing Behavior, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins
by Young-Hun Kim, Jeong Ju Baek, Ki Cheol Chang, Baek Soo Park, Won-Gun Koh and Gyojic Shin
Polymers 2023, 15(13), 2947; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132947 - 4 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1705
Abstract
A novel thiol-functionalized polysilsesqioxane containing hydroxyl and methyl groups was synthesized using a simple acid-catalyzed sol–gel method to develop an epoxy hardener with low odor, low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and fast curing at low temperatures. The synthesized thiol-based hardeners were characterized [...] Read more.
A novel thiol-functionalized polysilsesqioxane containing hydroxyl and methyl groups was synthesized using a simple acid-catalyzed sol–gel method to develop an epoxy hardener with low odor, low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and fast curing at low temperatures. The synthesized thiol-based hardeners were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography and compared with commercially available hardeners in terms of odor intensity and VOC emissions using the air dilution olfaction method and VOC analysis. The curing behavior and thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy compounds prepared with the synthesized thiol-based hardeners were also evaluated. The results showed that synthetic thiol-based hardeners containing methyl and hydroxyl groups initiated the curing reaction of epoxy compounds at 53 °C and 45 °C, respectively. In contrast, commercial thiol-based hardeners initiated the curing reaction at 67 °C. Additionally, epoxy compounds with methyl-containing synthetic thiol-based hardeners exhibited higher TGA at a 5% weight loss temperature (>50 °C) and lap shear strength (20%) than those of the epoxy compounds with commercial thiol-based hardeners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Application of Polymer Adhesives)
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14 pages, 3813 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Evaluation of Metal Lipoate Adhesives
by Animesh Ghosh, Konrad Kozlowski and Terry W. J. Steele
Polymers 2023, 15(13), 2921; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132921 - 1 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1176
Abstract
The development of new bioadhesives with integrated properties remains an unmet clinical need to replace staples or sutures. Current bioadhesives do not allow electronic activation, which would allow expansion into laparoscopic and robotic surgeries. To address this deficiency, voltage-activated adhesives have been developed [...] Read more.
The development of new bioadhesives with integrated properties remains an unmet clinical need to replace staples or sutures. Current bioadhesives do not allow electronic activation, which would allow expansion into laparoscopic and robotic surgeries. To address this deficiency, voltage-activated adhesives have been developed on both carbene- and catechol-based chemical precursors. Herein, a third platform of voltage-activated adhesive is evaluated based on lipoic acid, a non-toxic dithiolane found in aerobic metabolism and capable of ring-opening polymerization. The electro-rheological and adhesive properties of lithium, sodium, and potassium salts of lipoic acid are applied for wet tissue adhesion. At ambient conditions, potassium lipoate displays higher storage modulus than lithium or sodium salt under similar conditions. Voltage stimulation significantly improves gelation kinetics to Na- and K-lipoates, while Li-lipoate is found to not require voltage stimulation for gelation. Lap shear adhesion strength on wetted collagen substrates reveals that the synthetic metal lipoates have comparable adhesion strength to fibrin sealants without viral or ethical risks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Application of Polymer Adhesives)
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14 pages, 5907 KiB  
Article
Proposal of Evaluation Method for Crack Propagation Behaviors of Second-Generation Acrylic Adhesives under Mode I Static Loading
by Yuki Ogawa, Kimiyoshi Naito, Keisuke Harada and Hiroyuki Oguma
Polymers 2023, 15(8), 1878; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15081878 - 14 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 942
Abstract
Second-generation acrylic (SGA) adhesives, possessing high strength and toughness, are applicable in automotive body structures. Few studies have considered the fracture toughness of the SGA adhesives. This study entailed a comparative analysis of the critical separation energy for all three SGA adhesives and [...] Read more.
Second-generation acrylic (SGA) adhesives, possessing high strength and toughness, are applicable in automotive body structures. Few studies have considered the fracture toughness of the SGA adhesives. This study entailed a comparative analysis of the critical separation energy for all three SGA adhesives and an examination of the mechanical properties of the bond. Loading-unloading test was performed to evaluate crack propagation behaviors. In the loading–unloading test of the SGA adhesive with high ductility, plastic deformation was observed in the steel adherends; the arrest load dominated the propagation and non-propagation of crack for adhesive. The critical separation energy of this adhesive was assessed by the arrest load. In contrast, for the SGA adhesives with high tensile strength and modulus, the load suddenly decreased during loading, and the steel adherend was not plastically deformed. The critical separation energies of these adhesives were assessed using the inelastic load. The critical separation energies for all the adhesives were higher for thicker adhesive. Particularly, the critical separation energies of the highly ductile adhesives were more affected by the adhesive thickness than highly strength adhesives. The critical separation energy from the analysis using the cohesive zone model agreed with the experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Application of Polymer Adhesives)
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12 pages, 2682 KiB  
Article
Influence of Sulfododecenylsuccinylation on the Adhesion to Fibers and Film Properties of Corn Starch for Warp Sizing
by Chaohui Zhang, Wei Li and Zhenzhen Xu
Polymers 2023, 15(6), 1495; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15061495 - 17 Mar 2023
Viewed by 909
Abstract
To improve the film brittleness and adhesion to fibers of dodecenylsuccinated starch (DSS), DSS samples were sulfonated with excess NaHSO3 to prepare a series of sulfododecenylsuccinated starch (SDSS) samples with different degrees of substitution (DS). Their adhesion to fibers, surface [...] Read more.
To improve the film brittleness and adhesion to fibers of dodecenylsuccinated starch (DSS), DSS samples were sulfonated with excess NaHSO3 to prepare a series of sulfododecenylsuccinated starch (SDSS) samples with different degrees of substitution (DS). Their adhesion to fibers, surface tensions, film tensile properties and crystallinities, and moisture regains were studied. The results showed that the SDSS was superior to DSS and acid-thinned starch (ATS) in the adhesion to cotton and polyester fibers and breaking elongation of film but was inferior to them in tensile strength and degree of crystallinity of film, which revealed that sulfododecenylsuccination could further improve the adhesion of ATS to both fibers and reduce its film brittleness compared to starch dodecenylsuccination. With the increase in the DS, the adhesion to both fibers and the film elongation of SDSS gradually increased and then decreased, while its film strength consistently decreased. Considering adhesion and film properties, the SDSS samples with a DS range of 0.024-0.030 were recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Application of Polymer Adhesives)
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13 pages, 3848 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Ferromagnetic and Ferroelectric Properties in Binderless Cellulose/Ni Laminates for Magnetoelectric Applications
by Manseong Song and Su-Chul Yang
Polymers 2022, 14(24), 5347; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14245347 - 7 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1213
Abstract
According to reported polymer-based magnetoelectric (ME) laminates, which generate voltage via an external magnetic field, a binder is indispensable for the adhesion between phases. However, if the binder is excluded, the ME response is expected to improve via efficient strain transfer from the [...] Read more.
According to reported polymer-based magnetoelectric (ME) laminates, which generate voltage via an external magnetic field, a binder is indispensable for the adhesion between phases. However, if the binder is excluded, the ME response is expected to improve via efficient strain transfer from the magnetostrictive phase to the piezoelectric phase. Nevertheless, an understanding of the binderless state has not yet been addressed in polymer-based ME laminates. In this study, cellulose/Ni (CN) laminates were designed to obtain binderless polymer-based ME laminates. The surface properties of Ni foil desirable for the anchoring effect and the electrostatic interactions required for binderless states were determined via heat treatment of the Ni substrate. Moreover, to confirm the potential of the binderless laminate in ME applications, the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties of the CN laminates were recorded. Consequently, the CN laminates exhibited remnant and saturation magnetizations of 29.5 emu/g and 55.2 emu/g, respectively. Furthermore, the significantly increased remnant and saturation polarization of the CN laminates were determined to be 1.86 µC/cm2 and 0.378 µC/cm2, an increase of approximately 35-fold and 5.56-fold, respectively, compared with a neat cellulose film. The results indicate that multiferroic binderless CN laminates are excellent candidates for high-response ME applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Application of Polymer Adhesives)
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21 pages, 3756 KiB  
Article
Hot-Melt and Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Based on Styrene-Isoprene-Styrene Triblock Copolymer, Asphaltene/Resin Blend and Naphthenic Oil
by Sergey O. Ilyin, Viktoria Y. Melekhina, Anna V. Kostyuk and Nina M. Smirnova
Polymers 2022, 14(20), 4296; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204296 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3160
Abstract
Asphaltene/resin blend (ARB) extracted from heavy crude oil was used to modify poly(styrene-block-isoprene-block-styrene) (SIS) to make it an adhesive. There were prepared double and triple mixtures containing 10–60% SIS, 10–40% ARB, and 10–50% naphthenic oil used as an additional plasticizer. The viscoelasticity of [...] Read more.
Asphaltene/resin blend (ARB) extracted from heavy crude oil was used to modify poly(styrene-block-isoprene-block-styrene) (SIS) to make it an adhesive. There were prepared double and triple mixtures containing 10–60% SIS, 10–40% ARB, and 10–50% naphthenic oil used as an additional plasticizer. The viscoelasticity of the mixtures at 25 °C and 120 °C was studied, their flow curves were obtained, and the temperature dependences of the loss tangent and the components of the complex modulus were measured. In addition, the mixtures were used as hot-melt adhesives (HMAs) and pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) in the shear, peel, and pull-off tests of the adhesive bonds that they formed with steel. Both naphthenic oil and ARB act as plasticizers for SIS and make it sticky. However, only the combined use of ARB and the oil allows for achieving the best set of adhesive properties of the SIS-based mixture. High-quality HMA requires low oil content (optimal SIS/ARB/oil ratio is 50/40/10, pull-off adhesion strength (τt) of 1990 kPa), whereas a lot of the oil is needed to give SIS characteristics of a PSA (SIS/ARB/oil is 20/40/40, τt of 100 kPa). At the same time, the resulting PSA can be used as a hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive (HMPSA) that has many times lower viscosity than HMA (13.9 Pa·s versus 2640 Pa·s at 120 °C and 1 s−1) but provides a less strong adhesive bond (τt of 960 kPa). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Application of Polymer Adhesives)
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