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Polymers
Special Issues
Wood-Based Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Engineering
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Wood-Based Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Engineering

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Analysis and Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 October 2024 | Viewed by 12996

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Piotr Borysiuk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Technology and Entrepreneurship in Wood Industry Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: wood technology; wood-based composites; wood and non-wood as raw materials for wood-based panels; analysis and modification of technology of wood-based panels; low density boards; new types of lignocelulosic composites; biocomposites; biopolymers; wood plastic composites
Dr. Radoslaw Auriga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Processing of Wood, Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: materials; material characterization; materials processing; SEM analysis; materials testing; tensile testing; coating; materials technology; surface engineering; wood-based materials; lignocellulosic composites; biocomposites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to its unique properties and natural origin, wood is an excellent raw material for the production of ecological boards used in construction, furniture, packaging and many other areas. Thanks to the intensive development of new technologies, modern wood-based composites are appearing on the market, and their production uses wood and other lignocellulosic raw materials with different degrees of fragmentation (veneers, chips, fibers and flour). Chemical additives such as adhesive resins (especially low emission or formaldehyde free), hydrophobic agents, flame retardants, fungicides or additives that improve the hygiene of panels are also used for the production of wood-based composites. In this regard, it is desirable to search for new raw materials or chemical additives, particularly those in line with the green chemistry trend, that will allow the production of wood-based materials with favorable physical and mechanical properties as well as performance properties.

This Special Issue focuses on new raw materials and environmentally friendly chemical additives in the production of wood-based composites, which translate into the improvement of their properties and machinability and the extension of the scope of applications.

Dr. Piotr Borysiuk
Dr. Radoslaw Auriga
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wood-based composites
  • wood-plastic composites
  • new raw materials
  • low-emission or formaldehyde-free adhesive resin
  • hydrophobic agent
  • flame retardant
  • chemical additive
  • properties of wood-based composites

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 4452 KiB  
Article
Mechanical and Chemical Resistance of UV Coating Systems Prepared under Industrial Conditions Using LED Radiation
by Milena Henke, Barbara Lis and Tomasz Krystofiak
Polymers 2023, 15(23), 4550; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15234550 - 27 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1295
Abstract
The furniture industry constantly strives to search for ecological and cost-effective solutions in the production of wood-based composites. It is anticipated that furniture with a honeycomb core and HDF-facing will gain market share. Understanding how specific technical and procedural factors on the finishing [...] Read more.
The furniture industry constantly strives to search for ecological and cost-effective solutions in the production of wood-based composites. It is anticipated that furniture with a honeycomb core and HDF-facing will gain market share. Understanding how specific technical and procedural factors on the finishing line affect the resistance of coatings on furniture elements made of honeycomb boards was the main goal of the study. With the use of a digital microscope, the roughness of two different types of HDF was tested. On the industrial UV LED+Hg finishing line, 198 different surface coating variations were produced by applying five or six layers of varnish applied, ranging from 3 to 30 g/m2 and hardening them with various surface power densities. On the basis of statistical tests, the influence of individual factors on abrasion, impact, and scratch resistance was determined. The nanointendence test of the coatings was used to measure the hardness and elasticity modulus. The coloring caused by coffee traces was checked using a colorimeter. The findings confirm the conception that LED+Hg lamp modules can replace mercury and gallium-doped mercury lamps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood-Based Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Engineering)
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16 pages, 5604 KiB  
Article
Development of an Electrically Conductive MDF Panel—Evaluation of Carbon Content and Resin Type
by Christof Tschannen, Ali Shalbafan and Heiko Thoemen
Polymers 2023, 15(4), 912; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15040912 - 11 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2044
Abstract
Electronics in furniture and construction materials, in particular technologies which allow for a flexible and cable-free connection of electronics in such materials, are gaining broader interest. This study shows a further development of a concept to obtain highly conductive medium-density fibreboard panels (MDF) [...] Read more.
Electronics in furniture and construction materials, in particular technologies which allow for a flexible and cable-free connection of electronics in such materials, are gaining broader interest. This study shows a further development of a concept to obtain highly conductive medium-density fibreboard panels (MDF) for furniture application. MDF were produced using two mixing processes (wet and dry) for wood and carbon fibres to investigate the effects of resin type (urea formaldehyde (UF) and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI)) and carbon fibre content on their mechanical, physical, and electrical properties. Overall, wet mixed fibres showed better electrical but reduced mechanical properties. Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) values of 3500 MPa and 35 MPa, respectively, and internal bond (IB) values of 0.45 to 0.65 MPa with electrical conductivities of up to 230 S/m were achieved. The technology has been successfully implemented in a demonstration object showing the application in a small piece of furniture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood-Based Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Engineering)
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17 pages, 3611 KiB  
Article
Development of Mineral-Bonded Plywood with Magnesium Oxychloride as a Binder Using the Hot-Pressing Process
by Ali Shalbafan and Heiko Thoemen
Polymers 2023, 15(4), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15040805 - 05 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1762
Abstract
Environmentally friendly plywood panels were produced by a hot-pressing process using magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) as a no-added formaldehyde adhesive. Magnesium oxychloride cement binders were prepared with different molar ratios of MgO:MgCl2 (M/C) and H2O:MgCl2 (W/C) ranging from 6 [...] Read more.
Environmentally friendly plywood panels were produced by a hot-pressing process using magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) as a no-added formaldehyde adhesive. Magnesium oxychloride cement binders were prepared with different molar ratios of MgO:MgCl2 (M/C) and H2O:MgCl2 (W/C) ranging from 6 to 12 and 15 to 21, respectively, for plywood production. The binder properties measured were gel time, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transom infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The quality of the plywood panels was analyzed based on their mechanical (shear and bending) and physical (thickness swelling and water absorption) properties. A positive effect on the properties of the MOC binder as well as on the properties of the plywood was observed by increasing the molar ratio M/C up to a value of 9. The shear and flexural properties of the plywood specimens were negatively affected by further increasing the molar ratio M/C to 12 and the molar ratio W/C from 15 to 21. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed a peak temperature of less than 100 °C for MOC curing, which meets the requirements of hot press technology. No delamination of the plywood specimens was observed after 24 h immersion in tap water or 6 h immersion in boiling water and after a cyclic delamination test. In general, mineral-bonded plywood with magnesium oxychloride shows promising properties for indoor and outdoor use, although the binder quality should still be improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood-Based Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Engineering)
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11 pages, 1170 KiB  
Article
Influence of Pine and Alder Woodchips Storage Method on the Chemical Composition and Sugar Yield in Liquid Biofuel Production
by Dominika Szadkowska, Radosław Auriga, Anna Lesiak, Jan Szadkowski and Monika Marchwicka
Polymers 2022, 14(17), 3495; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14173495 - 26 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1113
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storing methods of woodchips from two species, pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and alder (Alnus Mill.), on the basic chemical composition and sugar yield in liquid biofuel production. Two methods of [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storing methods of woodchips from two species, pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and alder (Alnus Mill.), on the basic chemical composition and sugar yield in liquid biofuel production. Two methods of storing woody biomass were used in the study—an open pile and a cover pile. The wood was felled at the end of November and was stored as industrial chips for eight months from December onward. After this time, material was collected for chemical composition analyses and enzymatic hydrolysis. The results of the chemical composition analysis of the wood for both studied species showed the influence of the type of storage on the composition of the individual structural components of the wood. Based on the results of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the woody biomass, it can be seen that, irrespective of the hydrolysed material (wood, cellulose, holocellulose), the material from the biomass stored in the open pile gave higher results. The hydrolysis efficiency also increased with time, independent of the type of material that was hydrolysed. The highest sugar yield from the enzymatic hydrolysis of wood was obtained for alder wood stored in an open pile. The highest sugar yield from the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was obtained for cellulose extracted from alder wood—as well—that had been stored in an open pile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood-Based Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Engineering)
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25 pages, 20369 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of the Deformation Behavior of Softwood Tracheids for the Calculation of the Mechanical Properties of Wood–Polymer Composites
by Robert Hartmann and Florian Puch
Polymers 2022, 14(13), 2574; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14132574 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3860
Abstract
From a fiber composite point of view, an elongated softwood particle is a composite consisting of several thousand tracheids, which can be described as fiber wound hollow profiles. By knowing their deformation behavior, the deformation behavior of the wood particle can be described. [...] Read more.
From a fiber composite point of view, an elongated softwood particle is a composite consisting of several thousand tracheids, which can be described as fiber wound hollow profiles. By knowing their deformation behavior, the deformation behavior of the wood particle can be described. Therefore, a numerical approach for RVE- and FEM-based modelling of the radial and tangential compression behavior of pine wood tracheids under room climate environment is presented and validated with optical and laser-optical image analysis as well as tensile and compression tests on pine sapwood veneer strips. According to the findings, at 23 °C and 12% moisture content, at least 10 MPa must be applied for maximum compaction of the earlywood tracheids. The latewood tracheids can withstand at least 100 MPa compression pressure and would deform elastically at this load by about 20%. The developed model can be adapted for other wood species and climatic conditions by adjusting the mechanical properties of the base materials of the cell wall single layers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), the dimensions and the structure of the vessel elements, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood-Based Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Engineering)
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10 pages, 1725 KiB  
Article
Lignocellulosic Biomass from Grapevines as Raw Material for Particleboard Production
by Radosław Auriga, Alicja Auriga, Piotr Borysiuk, Jacek Wilkowski, Olga Fornalczyk and Ireneusz Ochmian
Polymers 2022, 14(12), 2483; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14122483 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1850
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the suitability of agricultural lignocellulosic biomass in the form of vine pruning waste for particleboard production. Two variants of particleboards with densities of 650 kg/m3 and 550 kg/m3 containing a varied amount of vine pruning waste [...] Read more.
The study aimed to determine the suitability of agricultural lignocellulosic biomass in the form of vine pruning waste for particleboard production. Two variants of particleboards with densities of 650 kg/m3 and 550 kg/m3 containing a varied amount of vine pruning waste (0, 25, 50 and 100%) were evaluated. The strength (MOR, MOE and IB), thickness swelling and water absorption after immersion in water for 2 and 24 h were tested. The results revealed that vine pruning waste affected the board thickening and reduced strength properties. Boards with a 50% share of waste met the minimum requirements of strength properties specified in the EN 312 standard for boards with a density of 650 kg/m3. However, boards with a density of 550 kg/m3 entirely made with vine pruning waste met the minimum requirements of strength properties of the EN 16368 standard. Moreover, the pruned material reduced axial forces during drilling, swelling and water absorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood-Based Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Engineering)
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