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Processes
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Bioremediation Processes of Contaminated Soil and Sediments
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Bioremediation Processes of Contaminated Soil and Sediments

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 February 2021) | Viewed by 4023

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mait Kriipsalu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chair of Rural Building and Water Management, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
Interests: bioremediation of sludge and sediments; composting; solid waste treatment; end-of-waste; landfill mining; wastewater purification

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

When I was completing my Ph.D. research on bioremediation, a respected professor told me that my background as an engineer was not right because bioremediation is chemistry. Soon, another respected professor declared that bioremediation is pure microbiology. After some thought, I realized that they were both correct, but, sadly, neither of them were there when I did my fieldwork, rubber boots on, digging in oily sludge. I learned that the true nature of environmental biotechnology was cleaning up sites as an engineer, but also using knowledge from chemistry and microbiology, hydraulics and water treatment, soil science and thermodynamics; and many more. Therefore, it is more like detective work: we borrow bits and pieces from each other, from journal articles, conferences, and personal communication. This same multidisciplinary attitude must also be taught to the authorities. We can only use the results of our latest scientific research and innovation if it fits into the frames of public procurement. Bioremediation involves both life-long learning and life-long teaching.

This Special Issue on “Bioremediation Processes of Contaminated Soil and Sediments” seeks high-quality research and case studies focusing on the purification of soils, sludges, and sediments. Topics include, but are not limited to the following:

  • Removal of contamination and sustainable approaches to remediation;
  • Biological remediation processes and technologies;
  • Novel methods of characterization, treatment, and monitoring.

Prof. Dr. Mait Kriipsalu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ecotoxicology
  • microbial safety
  • geochemistry
  • biodegradation
  • sludge and sediments
  • green biotechnology
  • phytoremediation
  • metagenomics
  • bioinformatics
  • biostimulation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 4813 KiB  
Article
Efficiency of Hydrogen Peroxide and Fenton Reagent for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation in Contaminated Soil: Insights from Experimental and Predictive Modeling
by Mahdia Smara, Razika Khalladi, Nadji Moulai-Mostefa, Kamilia Madi, Dorsaf Mansour, Sabrina Lekmine, Ouided Benslama, Hichem Tahraoui, Jie Zhang and Abdeltif Amrane
Processes 2024, 12(3), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12030621 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 694
Abstract
This study investigates the degradation kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the Fenton process (H2O2/Fe2+). The effect of oxidant concentration and the Fenton molar ratio [...] Read more.
This study investigates the degradation kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the Fenton process (H2O2/Fe2+). The effect of oxidant concentration and the Fenton molar ratio on PAH decomposition efficiency is examined. Results reveal that increasing H2O2 concentration above 25 mmol/samples leads to a slight increase in the rate constants for both first- and second-order reactions. The Fenton process demonstrates higher efficiency in PAH degradation compared to H2O2 alone, achieving decomposition yields ranging from 84.7% to 99.9%. pH evolution during the oxidation process influences PAH degradation, with alkaline conditions favoring lower elimination rates. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis indicates significant elimination of PAHs after treatment, with both oxidants showing comparable efficacy in complete hydrocarbon degradation. The mechanisms of PAH degradation by H2O2 and the Fenton process involve hydroxyl radical formation, with the latter exhibiting greater efficiency due to Fe2+ catalysis. Gaussian process regression (GPR) modeling accurately predicts reduced concentration, with optimized ARD-Exponential kernel function demonstrating superior performance. The Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm facilitates optimization of reaction conditions, yielding a high degree of agreement between experimental and predicted values. A MATLAB 2022b interface is developed for efficient optimization and prediction of C/C0, a critical parameter in PAH degradation studies. This integrated approach offers insights into optimizing the efficiency of oxidant-based PAH remediation techniques, with potential applications in contaminated soil remediation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioremediation Processes of Contaminated Soil and Sediments)
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19 pages, 7820 KiB  
Article
Hydraulic Design of Sediment-Trapping Basin in Wadis Using Empirical Equations and Deposition Processes
by Abubakr Taha Bakheit Taha, Ali Aldrees and Ahmed Moustafa Ahmed Moussa
Processes 2023, 11(9), 2729; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092729 - 12 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1010
Abstract
Reservoirs overflow during flood season because of sedimentation cycles, which severely affects their effectiveness. Siltation is a major problem in dams constructed in waterways in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, the reservoirs in wadis lose their capacity due to sedimentation. This study determines [...] Read more.
Reservoirs overflow during flood season because of sedimentation cycles, which severely affects their effectiveness. Siltation is a major problem in dams constructed in waterways in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, the reservoirs in wadis lose their capacity due to sedimentation. This study determines an optimal design of the trapping basin on steep slope areas for Wadi Bishah in the Asir region of southwestern Saudi Arabia. The empirical design criteria of the sediment-trapping basin is used to mitigate the effects of sedimentation in the King Fahd Dam. The empirical design of the trapping basin constructed upstream of the dam located in the wadi is presented. Moreover, the annual suspended and bed sediment load (Qs and Qb) techniques for estimating the volume of sediments are used, and the relationship between the sediment trapping efficiency and size is determined. The sediment trapping in Wadi Bishah upstream sediment-trapping basins is selected to reduce the amount of sediment. One of the important results of this study tries to create a new concept to trap sediment in wadis, which are located in arid and semi-arid areas. The results obtained were evaluated using theoretical and empirical equations to determine the appropriate size of the basin. The results demonstrate that the optimal dimensions for the sediment confinement basin are Lb × Wb × hs = 3500 × 500 × 1.5 m. Also, for these dimensions, the basin efficiency was assumed to be in the range of 60–70%. The trap basin should be constructed at open check dams upstream (U/S) of the proposed basin to enhance its efficiency. Further investigation is required to understand the transport and deposition of sediments, particularly fine sediments in the basin. Additionally, the effects of sediment traps in Wadi Bishah should be assessed during the construction of these structures to aid water resource management and mitigate flood disasters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioremediation Processes of Contaminated Soil and Sediments)
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17 pages, 3094 KiB  
Article
Vermicomposting Process to Endosulfan Lactone Removal in Solid Substrate Using Eisenia fetida
by Paola T. Vázquez-Villegas, Rocío Meza-Gordillo, Abumalé Cruz-Salomón, Víctor M. Ruíz-Valdiviezo, Federico A. Gutiérrez-Miceli, Juan J. Villalobos-Maldonado, Joaquín A. Montes-Molina, Janet Aguilar-Vázquez and Zaira Domínguez
Processes 2021, 9(2), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020396 - 22 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1727
Abstract
Pesticide by-products found in soil are usually more toxic and persistent than the pesticides themselves. For example, Endosulfan lactone (EL) (a by-product of the organochloride pesticide endosulfan). EL is created by the enzymatic activity (and related oxidative processes) of microorganisms in the soil. [...] Read more.
Pesticide by-products found in soil are usually more toxic and persistent than the pesticides themselves. For example, Endosulfan lactone (EL) (a by-product of the organochloride pesticide endosulfan). EL is created by the enzymatic activity (and related oxidative processes) of microorganisms in the soil. A sustainable method of EL removal is the introduction of Eisenia fetida earthworm. In this paper, it will be demonstrated the impact of vermicomposting process related to Eisenia fetida earthworm on EL by measuring initial and final concentrations of the compound and overall enzymatic activity in sterile and non-sterile solid substrate over 56 days. As a baseline, it be observed there were higher EL removals in non-sterile solid substrate (90.86%) at day 5 than in sterile solid substrate (83.86%) at day 14. In samples with Eisenia fetida, the presence of EL in non-sterile solid substrate was 36%, however in sterile solid substrate it was only 18% at day 1 and 7, with a maximum enzyme activity of 0.4659 mmol/mg protein per min at day 7. The evidence found in this study suggests that EL removal in a non-sterile solid substrate is higher when a vermicomposting is present and that the influence of microorganisms from the solid substrate with the earthworm, increases removal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioremediation Processes of Contaminated Soil and Sediments)
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