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Google Earth Engine for Remote Sensing Big Data Landscapes

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensing Image Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 December 2023) | Viewed by 7068

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Ludwig-Franzius-Institute for Hydraulic, Estuarine and Coastal Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Interests: remote sensing; photogrammetry; registeration; classification; radiometric; normalization; radiometric correction; color consistency; random forest; iran; tehran; Sentinel 1; Sentinel 2; Landsat 8; Landsat 9; Landsat; IRS; UAV; wetland; change detection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions, 210 Colonnade Road, Ottawa, ON K2E 7L5, Canada
Interests: remote sensing; wetlands; met-ocean; classification; machine learning; big data
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Rännvägen 6, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
Interests: image processing; machine learning; remote sensing; parallel processing; GPGPU; data mining applications

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Guest Editor
School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
Interests: autonomous aerial vehicles; crop mapping and monitoring; geophysical image processing; learning (artificial intelligence)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Remote Sensing and Photogerammetry, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran
Interests: photogrammetry; image processing; machine vision; computer graphics; big data

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Guest Editor
Department of Remote Sensing and Photogerammetry, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran
Interests: LiDAR technology and its applications; application of remote sensing in disaster management; bio-geomatics; artificial intelligence; image processing; pattern recognition; remote sensing calibration; optical, thermal, multispectral, UAV, and satellite data processing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, airborne and spaceborne sensors have collected large amounts of Remote Sensing (RS) data with various characteristics (e.g., different spectral, spatial, temporal, and radiometric resolutions). The availability of open-access RS datasets and advances in sensor and image processing technology are likely to continue this trend in the near future. In this regard, we face challenges in managing and processing petabytes of RS data, which can be divided into two main groups: those associated with common aspects (e.g., big data computing and collaboration) and those associated with individual aspects (e.g., deployment, fusion, and visualization). A cloud computing platform developed by Google, called Google Earth Engine (GEE), is designed to address these challenges and to facilitate the processing of big geospatial data over large areas and monitoring the environment over long periods of time. GEE provides free access to MODIS, Landsat, and Sentinel data, as well as other imagery and ancillary datasets (e.g., land-use, climate, and soil data), via Javascript and Python APIs. In addition to requiring only a web browser and internet access, these platforms enable a new generation of analysts to gain access to earth observation data without requiring extensive infrastructure or software investments. With the help of Google CoLabs, GEE users now have access to advanced data science and machine learning techniques, enabling the development of new methods and web services for big RS data processing.

Our Special Issue invites submissions addressing methodologies and applications of big data processing using GEE across different geographical scales. We are particularly interested in studies introducing novel techniques for analysing big data, addressing challenges associated with implementing large-scale or long-term series analyses and sharing code or application examples. Moreover, case studies illustrating how GEE functions and tools can be used to advance scientific understanding of environmental and societal concerns are also welcomed.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Remote sensing big data analysis;
  • Land-use and land-cover (LULC) classification from local up to global level;
  • Land-use and land-cover (LULC) change detection, monitoring, and modeling;
  • Flood detection and monitoring through remote sensing data and integration with other geospatial data (i.e., GNSS, social media data);
  • Multi-Sensor and multi-resolution big data analysis;
  • Machine and deep learning for big remote sensing data processing;
  • Water resources monitoring and modeling;
  • Forests and vegetation dynamics monitoring and modeling and deforestation;
  • Ecosystem response to climate change;
  • Crop yield estimation and Crop area mapping;
  • Disaster extent and response;
  • Surface sediment monitoring;
  • Compositing, Masking, and Mosaicking of remote sensing data.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Armin Moghimi
Dr. Meisam Amani
Dr. Mohammad Kakooei
Dr. Reza Shah-Hosseini
Dr. Masood Varshosaz
Dr. Ali Mohammadzadeh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Google Earth Engine (GEE)
  • Remote Sensing (RS)
  • big data
  • classification
  • change detection
  • flood detection
  • large-scale mapping
  • time series
  • cloud computing

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 10517 KiB  
Article
Remote Sensing Extraction of Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau Based on the Google Earth Engine and Deep Learning
by Yunxuan Pang, Junchuan Yu, Laidian Xi, Daqing Ge, Ping Zhou, Changhong Hou, Peng He and Liu Zhao
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(3), 583; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030583 - 3 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1094
Abstract
Lakes are an important component of global water resources. In order to achieve accurate lake extractions on a large scale, this study takes the Tibetan Plateau as the study area and proposes an Automated Lake Extraction Workflow (ALEW) based on the Google Earth [...] Read more.
Lakes are an important component of global water resources. In order to achieve accurate lake extractions on a large scale, this study takes the Tibetan Plateau as the study area and proposes an Automated Lake Extraction Workflow (ALEW) based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) and deep learning in response to the problems of a low lake identification accuracy and low efficiency in complex situations. It involves pre-processing massive images and creating a database of examples of lake extraction on the Tibetan Plateau. A lightweight convolutional neural network named LiteConvNet is constructed that makes it possible to obtain spatial–spectral features for accurate extractions while using less computational resources. We execute model training and online predictions using the Google Cloud platform, which leads to the rapid extraction of lakes over the whole Tibetan Plateau. We assess LiteConvNet, along with thresholding, traditional machine learning, and various open-source classification products, through both visual interpretation and quantitative analysis. The results demonstrate that the LiteConvNet model may greatly enhance the precision of lake extraction in intricate settings, achieving an overall accuracy of 97.44%. The method presented in this paper demonstrates promising capabilities in extracting lake information on a large scale, offering practical benefits for the remote sensing monitoring and management of water resources in cloudy and climate-differentiated regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Google Earth Engine for Remote Sensing Big Data Landscapes)
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24 pages, 62933 KiB  
Article
Unveiling Air Pollution in Crimean Mountain Rivers: Analysis of Sentinel-5 Satellite Images Using Google Earth Engine (GEE)
by Vladimir Tabunschik, Roman Gorbunov and Tatiana Gorbunova
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(13), 3364; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133364 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2875
Abstract
This article presents an assessment of atmospheric pollutant concentrations based on state-of-the-art geoinformation research methods that utilize Sentinel-5 satellite imagery, the cloud computing platform Google Earth Engine (GEE), and ArcGIS 10.8 software. The spatial distributions of some pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, [...] Read more.
This article presents an assessment of atmospheric pollutant concentrations based on state-of-the-art geoinformation research methods that utilize Sentinel-5 satellite imagery, the cloud computing platform Google Earth Engine (GEE), and ArcGIS 10.8 software. The spatial distributions of some pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, methane) in the atmosphere are analyzed on the example of the basins of the Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, and Chernaya rivers on the north-western slope of the Crimean Mountains. The concentrations of the average annual and average monthly values of pollutants for each catchment area are compared. The GEE (Google Earth Engine) platform is used for extracting annual and monthly average rasters of pollutant substances, while ArcGIS is utilized for enhanced data visualization and in-depth analytical processing. Background concentrations of pollutants within protected natural areas are calculated. By comparing the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutant values with the background concentrations within these protected areas, a complex index of atmospheric pollution is constructed. The spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations has been thoroughly examined. Based on the regression analysis (R > 0.85), the field of values of the total amount of emissions (which are analyzed for only six points in the study area and in the surrounding areas) was restored on the basis of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the field of distribution of nitrogen dioxide values (NO2). Since air pollution can have negative consequences, both for human health and for the ecosystem as a whole, this study is of great importance for assessing the ecological situation within the river basins of the north-western slope of the Crimean Mountains. This work also contributes to a general understanding of the problem of gas emissions, whose study is becoming increasingly relevant. The aim of this research is to assess the potential application of Sentinel-5 satellite imagery for air quality assessment and pollution analysis within the river basins of the north-western slopes of the Crimean Mountains. The significance of this study lies in the innovative use of Sentinel-5 satellite imagery to investigate air pollution in extensive regions where a regular network of observation points is lacking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Google Earth Engine for Remote Sensing Big Data Landscapes)
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25 pages, 4356 KiB  
Article
Satellite-Based Estimation of Soil Moisture Content in Croplands: A Case Study in Golestan Province, North of Iran
by Soraya Bandak, Seyed Ali Reza Movahedi Naeini, Chooghi Bairam Komaki, Jochem Verrelst, Mohammad Kakooei and Mohammad Ali Mahmoodi
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(8), 2155; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082155 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1732
Abstract
Soil moisture content (SMC) plays a critical role in soil science via its influences on agriculture, water resources management, and climate conditions. There is broad interest in finding relationships between groundwater recharge, soil characteristics, and plant properties for the quantification of SMC. The [...] Read more.
Soil moisture content (SMC) plays a critical role in soil science via its influences on agriculture, water resources management, and climate conditions. There is broad interest in finding relationships between groundwater recharge, soil characteristics, and plant properties for the quantification of SMC. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of optical satellite imagery for estimating the SMC over cropland areas. For this purpose, we collected 394 soil samples as targets in Gonbad-e Kavus in the Golestan province in the north of Iran, where a variety of crop types are cultivated. As input data, we first computed several spectral indices from Sentinel 2 (S2) and Landsat 8 (L8) images, such as the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI), and then analyzed their relationships with surveyed SMC using four machine learning regression algorithms: random forests (RFs), XGBoost, extra tree decision (EDT), and support vector machine (SVM). Results revealed a high and rather similar correlation between the spectral indices and measured SMC values for both S2 and L8 data. The EDT regression algorithm yielded the highest accuracy, with an R2 = 0.82, MAE = 3.74, and RMSE = 1.08 for S2 and R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 2.42, and MAE = 1.08 for L8 images. Results also revealed that MNDWI, NDWI, and NDSI responded most sensitively to SMC estimation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Google Earth Engine for Remote Sensing Big Data Landscapes)
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