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Wastewater Treatment Technology and Environmental Impact Assessment

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2023) | Viewed by 12868

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jamal Mabrouki

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
Interests: environment and energy; wastewater; smart systems; water resources; hydrogeology environment; environmental impact; water treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Mohtaram Danish

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Guest Editor

Department Of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
Interests: nanomaterials; photocatalysts synthesis; heterogeneous photocatalysis; phototransformation; hydrogen production and organic synthesis

Prof. Dr. Faissal Aziz

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Guest Editor

Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity & Climate Change, Faculty of Science Semlalia-Marrakech/Faculty Polydisciplinary of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
Interests: water engineering; catalysis; chemical kinetics; environmental chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Mourade Azrour

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Guest Editor

Department of Computer, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
Interests: security; network; protocol
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Technologies for the treatment of urban and industrial wastewater are now suitable for new methods of use and for the use of raw resources. These processes are also in line with environmental regulations. In fact, if industrial organizations are perfectly aware that our water sources are not infinitely available, they are also perfectly aware of the need to treat them. Effluent treatment is currently carried out in a systematic way. The treatments have to respect all of the reject norms in order to send high-quality water into the natural environment. Environmental impact assessments are an important tool for environmental managers and acts as a prediction instrument to determine the impact of an operation on the environment during project planning phase until project abandonment.

Environmental sensitization challenges the economic and social dimensions of sustainable development from environmental issues. It aims to bring people and communities to appreciate the complexity of the environment, both natural and human-made. Environmental sensitization remains one of the ways that will lead to the better control of environmental pollution in organizations.

The scope and purpose of the Special Issue.

Analytical chemistry methods;
Water engineering and technology inputs;
Wastewater treatment technology;
Photocatalysts;
Nanomaterials;
IoT and smart devices for a sustainable environment;
Water, energy, and food "nexus";
Environmental engineering;
Water resources system analysis;
Hydrological data management;
Water quality modeling;
Groundwater engineering;
Hydraulic modelling;
Integrated river basin;
Management groundwater water;
Quality water resource management;
Machine learning, IoT, and AI for air, water, and climate sustainability;
Environmental sensitization;
Natural resources management: impact and resilience of biodiversity;
Impacts of climate change;
Nature-based approaches and solutions;
Climate change;
Simulation and modeling of water treatment techniques;
Impact of agriculture, industrial, and mining activities on agro-ecosystems;
Ecosystem modeling and optimization.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Jamal Mabrouki
Dr. Mohtaram Danish
Prof. Dr. Faissal Aziz
Dr. Mourade Azrour
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

wastewater treatment
treatment technology
environmental impact assessment
smart system for water
environmental chemistry
water resources
hydrogeology environment
catalysis

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5196 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Efficiency of a Biological Reactor in a Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant Operating Based on ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) Material and Recycled PUR (Polyurethane) Foam

by Krzysztof Chmielowski, Wiktor Halecki, Adam Masłoń, Łukasz Bąk, Marek Kalenik, Marcin Spychała, Dawid Bedla, Tomasz Pytlowany, Iwona B. Paśmionka, Jakub Sikora and Tomasz Sionkowski

Sustainability 2024, 16(3), 1149; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16031149 - 30 Jan 2024

Viewed by 899

Abstract

The primary objective of this research was to assess the efficacy of a novel solution under conditions closely resembling those of real-world scenarios. Biological beds, or filters, hold significant potential for widespread implementation in individual households, particularly in areas with dispersed housing. The system’s aim was to improve the quality of wastewater treated in on-site domestic biological treatment plants. A pivotal aspect of the project involved developing a prototype research installation for conducting comprehensive testing. Our installation system consisted of several components designed to create a laboratory-scale model for domestic wastewater treatment. The model comprised four biological reactors filled with ABS material and secured by a PUR frame. Additionally, the tested model included a controller for wastewater dosing control, a septic tank as a reservoir, and four tanks for collecting purified wastewater. Through regression analysis using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM), a correlation between COD_Cr and TSS was revealed. This study presents the research findings concerning the development of a prototype installation that incorporates an advanced reactor or filter. The data derived from this research have the potential to contribute to the creation of products that enhance the performance and efficiency of household wastewater treatment systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Treatment Technology and Environmental Impact Assessment)

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13 pages, 1217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Insight into the Performance and Self-Defensive Responses of the Algal–Bacterial Granular Sludge Process under Cr(VI)-Induced Stress

by Yu Zhang, Shulian Wang, Kewu Pi and Andrea R. Gerson

Sustainability 2023, 15(24), 16754; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152416754 - 12 Dec 2023

Viewed by 846

Abstract

Algal–bacterial granular sludge, a new biological technology, has been widely recognized due to its highly effective pollutant treatment and energy efficiency. This study investigated the effects of environmental concentrations of Cr(VI) (0.5–2.5 mg/L) on the performance of algal–bacterial granular sludge and self-defensive responses after 90 days of cultivation. The results showed that Cr(VI) affected chemical oxygen demand (COD) decrease, ammonia-N and phosphate removal, with different trends being apparent. A linear decline in COD decrease was observed, whereas an initial decrease and then increase in ammonia-N and phosphate removal took place. Algal–bacterial granular sludge effectively removed Cr(VI) from wastewater through biological adsorption and reduction, showing the potential to treat Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater. Cr(VI) affected the community abundance of the algal–bacterial granular sludge, in which Chlorophyceae and cyanobacteria were vulnerable under Cr(VI)-induced stress. To reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI), over-produced EPS-PN and antioxidant enzymes (MDA, SOD and CAT) acted as self-defensive responses to resist oxidative damage. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive environmental sustainability assessment of the algal–bacterial granular sludge process in treating municipal wastewater containing Cr(VI). It is hoped that this study can provide useful information for improved engineering feasibility of algal–bacterial granular sludge. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Treatment Technology and Environmental Impact Assessment)

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12 pages, 1641 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Key Basic Parameters Involved in Carbon Emissions in Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants

by Kuo Gao, Hong Yang, Qingliang Zhao and Haichen Liu

Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7225; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097225 - 26 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1099

Abstract

In this study, carbon emissions in three full-scale wastewater treatment plants were determined by the emission factor method. Moreover, the correlation between basic parameters (influent water parameters and pollutant removal efficiency) and carbon emissions was examined via a structural equation model (SEM). The results showed a significant variation in the total carbon emission intensity of plants over time. The average total carbon emission intensity of plants A, B and C were 0.314, 0.404 and 0.363 kg eqCO₂/m³, respectively. Meanwhile, the indirect carbon emission caused by energy and chemical agent consumption accounts for the majority of total carbon emissions (about 85%). Generally, statistical analysis results show that carbon emission intensity is positively correlated with pollutant removal efficiency. Notably, RTN showed the highest positive correlation with E_ind, followed by RTN > RCOD_Cr > RTP > TN > RNH₃-N > NH₃-N > TP. Moreover, capacity showed the greatest negative contribution to E_ind, followed by COD_Cr. In contrast, the positive contribution to E_dir was followed by the sequence of RTN > RCOD_Cr > TN > RNH₃-N > NH₃-N. Notably, COD_Cr showed a significantly negative correlation with E_dir, while TP and its removal showed little correlation with E_dir. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Treatment Technology and Environmental Impact Assessment)

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14 pages, 4341 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Phosphogypsum and Organic Amendment for Bioremediation of Degraded Soil in Tunisia Oasis: Targeting Circular Economy

by Hajer Gabsi, Anas Tallou, Faissal Aziz, Rachid Boukchina, Nissaf Karbout, Luis Andreu Caceres, Rafael García-Tenorio, Khaoula Boudabbous and Mohamed Moussa

Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4769; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064769 - 8 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1949

Abstract

This study was conducted at the Institute of Arid Regions of Gabes in Tunisia. Three plots were left as controls and received no input, three plots were amended with cattle manure with a dose equivalent to 37.5 t/ha, and nine plots were amended with phosphogypsum in three doses (12.5 t/ha, 25 t/ha, and 50 t/ha), with three repetitions for each dose. A pot test to determine the germination index and radioactivity analysis was carried out in the laboratory. The results showed that organic manure amendments and phosphogypsum improved the germination rate of the different crops (jute mallow, turnip, and oat) compared with the control. At the same time, the 50 t/ha dose had the highest germination rate. An increase in yield of all crops during the whole duration of the experiment was observed for the soil amended by phosphogypsum. The best yield was recorded when the highest dose of phosphogypsum was applied. The cadmium level in plants of the two applied amendments was variable but still below the toxicity threshold (7 ppm). The values recorded following the analysis of the phosphogypsum radioactivity showed that the mean value of Ra-226 equals 214.45 Bq/kg, which is below the limit announced by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). The radioactivity results from the control soil samples showed the presence of natural radioactivity. Samples of phosphogypsum-amended soil and plants grown in these soils have radioactivity values that are still lower than those announced by the EPA. The novelty aspect of this study is the application of phosphogypsum in different crops during two consecutive years in degraded-soil areas of Tunisia, in addition to the study of different aspects of phosphogypsum reuse in agriculture as a promising strategy for a sustainable environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Treatment Technology and Environmental Impact Assessment)

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Review

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37 pages, 1356 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Dual Performance of Moringa Oleifera Seeds as Eco-Friendly Natural Coagulant and as an Antimicrobial for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

by Naif Al-Jadabi, Mohamed Laaouan, Souad El Hajjaji, Jamal Mabrouki, Maria Benbouzid and Driss Dhiba

Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4280; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054280 - 27 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 7003

Abstract

In this review, collected information related to Moringa Oleifera seeds was evaluated, such as their properties and the main active components involved in their processes, as well as their dual efficiency as both antimicrobials and natural coagulants for treating contaminated effluents. Furthermore, discussions were completed about perspectives on progress related to this field of research to understand the bioactive properties of these seed compounds, including their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity. In addition to the coagulant properties that have been quantitatively assessed, studies have examined the underlying coagulating mechanism, and seed processing techniques. In addition, the challenges associated with the use of conventional coagulants (metals or polymers) have led to numerous research efforts towards the development of natural plant-based coagulants that are eco-friendly to treat wastewater and offer a large variety of other advantages, such as their wide availability, the reduction of by-product generation, the reduction of costs, and greater biodegradability. Based on the results of different researchers, and regarding the appraisals using Moringa Oleifera seeds for wastewater treatment processes, many studies encourage their use for those operations. Due to their extensive and potent properties as an antibacterial and a coagulant, Moringa Oleifera seeds are still used today as a promising wastewater treatment method. Finally, this paper provides suggestions and comments, as well as identifies the knowledge gaps, and makes recommendations for future research development strategies, such as studying the contents of Moringa Oleifera seeds, their interactions with colloids present in wastewater, understanding their stability and behavior, assessing the performance of seed-derived flocculants according to pH values, isolating and characterizing the active compounds to determine the toxicity and optimum dose to be used as effective antimicrobials, and removing heavy metals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Treatment Technology and Environmental Impact Assessment)

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