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3 pages, 190 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Mechatronics Technology and Transportation Sustainability

by Anton Rassõlkin, Kari Tammi, Galina Demidova and Hassan HosseinNia

Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1671; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031671 - 31 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2542

Abstract

This editorial introduces a Special Issue (SI) that contains nine chosen articles in Sustainability [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechatronics Technology and Transportation Sustainability)

Research

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13 pages, 2579 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Feasibility Investigation for Residential Battery Sizing Considering EV Charging Demand

by Noman Shabbir, Lauri Kütt, Kamran Daniel, Victor Astapov, Hadi Ashraf Raja, Muhammad Naveed Iqbal and Oleksandr Husev

Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1079; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031079 - 18 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2368

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems along with battery energy storage systems (BESS) are an increasing trend for residential users due to the increasing cost of energy and environmental factors. Future sustainable grids will also have electric vehicles (EVs) integrated into these residential microgrids. However, this [...] Read more.

Photovoltaic (PV) systems along with battery energy storage systems (BESS) are an increasing trend for residential users due to the increasing cost of energy and environmental factors. Future sustainable grids will also have electric vehicles (EVs) integrated into these residential microgrids. However, this large-scale deployment of EVs and PV systems could mean several problems in terms of power quality, hosting capacity and as well economic implications. This paper aims to provide input to more optimal design and management of domestic PV and BESS for residential users with EVs. In this work, a measurement-based data set from a low-voltage distribution network in a rural area has been used. Investigation sees different household and PV-EV penetration levels to propose the BESS capacity and use cases. An economic analysis has been performed to check the feasibility of the proposed systems. The payback period is found to be between 13 to 15 years of the proposed systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechatronics Technology and Transportation Sustainability)

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20 pages, 3776 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of the Influence of Gas Turbine Power Stations on the Quality of Electric Energy in the Associated Petroleum Gas Utilization

by Anton Petrochenkov, Aleksandr Romodin, Dmitriy Leyzgold, Andrei Kokorev, Aleksandr Kokorev, Aleksandr Lyakhomskii, Evgenia Perfil’eva, Yuri Gagarin, Ruslan Shapranov, Pavel Brusnitcin and Pavel Ilyushin

Sustainability 2022, 14(1), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010299 - 28 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1819

Abstract

The problem of the quality of electric energy in the utilization of petroleum gas is considered. The article presents the results of the development of a mathematical description of power supply systems with gas turbine power stations based on two-shaft gas turbine units. [...] Read more.

The problem of the quality of electric energy in the utilization of petroleum gas is considered. The article presents the results of the development of a mathematical description of power supply systems with gas turbine power stations based on two-shaft gas turbine units. The typical power distribution scheme of a gas turbine power station is given. The joint analysis of the generation modes of the gas turbine power station and the detected deviations of the power quality indicators values was carried out. The influence of the used mode on the power quality indicators is determined. As a result, the factors of operation of a gas turbine power station that affects power quality are identified, and recommendations for their elimination are given. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechatronics Technology and Transportation Sustainability)

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26 pages, 13928 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of an Algorithm for Regulating the Load Schedule of Educational Institutions Based on the Forecast of Electric Consumption within the Framework of Application of the Demand Response

by Yuriy Leonidovich Zhukovskiy, Margarita Sergeevna Kovalchuk, Daria Evgenievna Batueva and Nikita Dmitrievich Senchilo

Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13801; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413801 - 14 Dec 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2892

Abstract

There is a tendency to increase the use of demand response technology in the Russian Federation along with other developing countries, covering not only large industries, but also individual households and organizations. Reducing peak loads of electricity consumption and increasing energy efficient use [...] Read more.

There is a tendency to increase the use of demand response technology in the Russian Federation along with other developing countries, covering not only large industries, but also individual households and organizations. Reducing peak loads of electricity consumption and increasing energy efficient use of equipment in the power system is achieved by applying demand management technology based on modeling and predicting consumer behavior in an educational institution. The study proposes to consider the possibility of participating in the concept of demand management of educational institutions with a typical workload schedule of the work week. For the study, statistical data of open services and sources, Russian and foreign research on the use of digital and information technologies, analytical methods, methods of mathematical modeling, methods of analysis, and generalization of data and statistical methods of data processing are used. An algorithm for collecting and processing power consumption data and a load planning algorithm were developed, including all levels of interaction between devices. A comparison was made between the values of the maximum daily consumption before and after optimization, as well as the magnitude of the decrease in the maximum consumption after applying the genetic algorithm. The developed algorithm has the ability to scale, which will increase the effect of using the results of this study to more significant values. Load switching helps to reduce peak consumption charges, which often represent a significant portion of the electricity cost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechatronics Technology and Transportation Sustainability)

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23 pages, 9415 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Principles of Imitation for the Loading of the Test Bench for Gas Turbines of Gas Pumping Units, Adequate to Real Conditions

by Anton Petrochenkov, Aleksandr Romodin, Vladimir Kazantsev, Aleksey Sal’nikov, Sergey Bochkarev, Yuri Gagarin, Ruslan Shapranov and Pavel Brusnitcin

Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13678; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413678 - 10 Dec 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1797

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze the prospects for the development of loading methods for gas turbines as well as to develop a mathematical model that adequately describes the real operating conditions of the loading system at various loads and rotation [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the prospects for the development of loading methods for gas turbines as well as to develop a mathematical model that adequately describes the real operating conditions of the loading system at various loads and rotation speeds. A comparative analysis of the most common methods and technical means of loading the shafts of a free turbine at gas turbine plants intended for operation as part of gas pumping units is presented. Based on the results of the analysis, the expediency of using the loading model “Free Power Turbine Rotor–Hydraulic Brake” as a load simulation is shown. Recommendations for the creation of an automation system for the load testing of power plants have been developed. Mathematical models and Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation models of power plants have been developed and tested. One of the most important factors that predetermine the effectiveness of the loading principle is the possibility of software implementation of the loading means using software control systems that provide the specified loading parameters of the gas turbine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechatronics Technology and Transportation Sustainability)

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22 pages, 2618 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Twin for FANUC Robots: Industrial Robot Programming and Simulation Using Virtual Reality

by Gaurav Garg, Vladimir Kuts and Gholamreza Anbarjafari

Sustainability 2021, 13(18), 10336; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810336 - 16 Sep 2021

Cited by 46 | Viewed by 9689

Abstract

A Digital Twin is the concept of creating a digital replica of physical models (such as a robot). This is similar to establishing a simulation using a robot operating system (ROS) or other industrial-owned platforms to simulate robot operations and sending the details [...] Read more.

A Digital Twin is the concept of creating a digital replica of physical models (such as a robot). This is similar to establishing a simulation using a robot operating system (ROS) or other industrial-owned platforms to simulate robot operations and sending the details to the robot controller. In this paper, we propose a Digital Twin model that assists in the online/remote programming of a robotic cell by creating a 3D digital environment of a real-world configuration. Our Digital Twin model consists of two components, (1) a physical model: FANUC robot (M-10iA/12), and (2) a digital model: Unity (a gaming platform) that comes with specialized plugins for virtual and augmented reality devices. One of the main challenges in the existing approach of robot programming is writing and modifying code for a robot trajectory that is eased in our framework using a Digital Twin. Using a Digital Twin setup along with Virtual Reality, we observe the trajectory replication between digital and physical robots. The simulation analysis provided a latency of approximately 40 ms with an error range of −0.28 to 0.28

^{\circ}

across the robot joint movements in a simulation environment and −0.3 to 0.3

^{\circ}

across the actual robot joint movements. Therefore, we can conclude that our developed model is suitable for industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechatronics Technology and Transportation Sustainability)

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17 pages, 998 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Estimation of Harmonic Emission of Electric Vehicles and Their Impact on Low Voltage Residential Network

by Muhammad Naveed Iqbal, Lauri Kütt, Kamran Daniel, Bilal Asad and Payam Shams Ghahfarokhi

Sustainability 2021, 13(15), 8551; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158551 - 31 Jul 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2711

Abstract

The EV penetration in the low voltage residential grids is expected to increase rapidly in the coming years. It is expected that EV consumers will prefer overnight home charging because of its convenience and lack of charging infrastructure. The EV battery chargers are [...] Read more.

The EV penetration in the low voltage residential grids is expected to increase rapidly in the coming years. It is expected that EV consumers will prefer overnight home charging because of its convenience and lack of charging infrastructure. The EV battery chargers are nonlinear loads and likely to increase the current harmonic emission in the distribution network. The imminent increase of EV load requires upgrading or managing the existing power system to support the additional charging load. This paper provides the estimation of the current harmonic emission of the EV charging load at different voltage distortions using the stochastic EV load model. The impact of EV charging on the distribution transformer is also presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechatronics Technology and Transportation Sustainability)

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14 pages, 377 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Travel Activity Based Stochastic Modelling of Load and Charging State of Electric Vehicles

by Muhammad Naveed Iqbal, Lauri Kütt, Matti Lehtonen, Robert John Millar, Verner Püvi, Anton Rassõlkin and Galina L. Demidova

Sustainability 2021, 13(3), 1550; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031550 - 2 Feb 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2793

Abstract

The uptake of electric vehicles (EV) is increasing every year and will eventually replace the traditional transport system in the near future. This imminent increase is urging stakeholders to plan up-gradation in the electric power system infrastructure. However, for efficient planning to support [...] Read more.

The uptake of electric vehicles (EV) is increasing every year and will eventually replace the traditional transport system in the near future. This imminent increase is urging stakeholders to plan up-gradation in the electric power system infrastructure. However, for efficient planning to support an additional load, an accurate assessment of the electric vehicle load and power quality indices is required. Although several EV models to estimate the charging profile and additional electrical load are available, but they are not capable of providing a high-resolution evaluation of charging current, especially at a higher frequency. This paper presents a probabilistic approach capable of estimating the time-dependent charging and harmonic currents for the future EV load. The model is based on the detailed travel activities of the existing car owners reported in the travel survey. The probability distribution functions of departure time, distance, arrival time, and time span are calculated. The charging profiles are based on the measurements of several EVs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechatronics Technology and Transportation Sustainability)

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Review

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16 pages, 1924 KiB

Open AccessReview

Overview on Digital Twin for Autonomous Electrical Vehicles Propulsion Drive System

by Mahmoud Ibrahim, Anton Rassõlkin, Toomas Vaimann and Ants Kallaste

Sustainability 2022, 14(2), 601; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020601 - 6 Jan 2022

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 5870

Abstract

The significant progress in the electric automotive industry brought a higher need for new technological innovations. Digital Twin (DT) is one of the hottest trends of the fourth industrial revolution. It allows representing physical assets under various operating conditions in a low-cost and [...] Read more.

The significant progress in the electric automotive industry brought a higher need for new technological innovations. Digital Twin (DT) is one of the hottest trends of the fourth industrial revolution. It allows representing physical assets under various operating conditions in a low-cost and zero-risk environment. DTs are used in many different fields from aerospace to healthcare. However, one of the perspective applications of such technology is the automotive industry. This paper presents an overview of the implementation of DT technology in electric vehicles (EV) propulsion drive systems. A general review of DT technology is supplemented with main applications analysis and comparison between different simulation technologies. Primary attention is given to the adaptation of DT technology for EV propulsion drive systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechatronics Technology and Transportation Sustainability)

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37 pages, 7918 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Synchronous Reluctance Motor-Drive Advancements

by Hamidreza Heidari, Anton Rassõlkin, Ants Kallaste, Toomas Vaimann, Ekaterina Andriushchenko, Anouar Belahcen and Dmitry V. Lukichev

Sustainability 2021, 13(2), 729; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020729 - 13 Jan 2021

Cited by 52 | Viewed by 8735

Abstract

Recent studies show that synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) present promising technologies. As a result, research on trending SynRMs drive systems has expanded. This work disseminates the recent developments of design, modeling, and more specifically, control of these motors. Firstly, a brief study of [...] Read more.

Recent studies show that synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) present promising technologies. As a result, research on trending SynRMs drive systems has expanded. This work disseminates the recent developments of design, modeling, and more specifically, control of these motors. Firstly, a brief study of the dominant motor technologies compared to SynRMs is carried out. Secondly, the most prominent motor control methods are studied and classified, which can come in handy for researchers and industries to opt for a proper control method for motor drive systems. Finally, the control strategies for different speed regions of SynRM are studied and the transitions between trajectories are analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechatronics Technology and Transportation Sustainability)

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