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Sustainable Civil Engineering: Seismic Performance Analysis of Structures

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Engineering and Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 March 2023) | Viewed by 11947

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mahmoud Bayat

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Guest Editor

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Interests: structural health monitoring; probabilistic analysis; nonlinear vibrations; machine learning; earthquake engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Hamid Reza Ahmadi

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Guest Editor

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55136-553, Iran
Interests: structural health monitoring and damage detection; bridge engineering; seismic analysis

Dr. Saman Soleimani Kutanaei

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Guest Editor

Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran
Interests: building materials; geotechnics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Earthquake is a phenomenon that can cause unprecedented social and economic disruption in any given community. It may not always be possible to completely recover from these impacts. Recent earthquakes display a trend of rapidly increasing damage and casualties, primarily attributable to two major factors: (1) urban development in seismic zones; and (2) the vulnerability of older and built structures, including poorly constructed non-ductile concrete structures. Estimating and evaluating the seismic vulnerability of structures is critical for informed decision-making on mitigation policies, priorities, strategies, and funding levels in the public and private sectors.

This Special Issue focuses primarily on the development of seismic performance and loss estimation of civil structures. We hope this Special Issue will contribute to the sustainability in civil engineering.

We welcome theoretical, numerical, and experimental developments as well as case studies on (but not limited to):

Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of structures (bridges, buildings, dams, soil nailed walls, etc.);
Performance-based design using seismic protection devices;
Comprehensive and unified approaches for the PBSD of structures;
Post-earthquake (after-shock) performance of structures;
Risk-targeted and resilience-based seismic design of structures;
Multi-hazard performance-based design of structures ;
Seismic performance of isolated structures, bridges, etc.;
Near-fault and far-fault ground motions;
Nonlinear vibration and numerical simulation of structures (bridges, buildings, dams, soil nailed walls, railway track systems, etc.).

Dr. Mahmoud Bayat
Dr. Hamid Reza Ahmadi
Dr. Saman Soleimani Kutanaei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

structural engineering
structural health monitoring
reliability/risk analysis of built structures

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4818 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study and Theoretical Analysis of Steel–Concrete Composite Box Girder Bending Moment–Curvature Restoring Force

by Jingjing Qi, Yining Ye, Zhi Huang, Weirong Lv, Wangbao Zhou, Fucai Liu and Jidong Wu

Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6585; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086585 - 13 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1189

Abstract

A steel–concrete composite box girder has good anti-seismic energy dissipation capacity, absorbs seismic energy, and reduces seismic action. It is very suitable for high-rise and super high-rise mega composite structure systems, which is in accordance with the condition of capital construction. In order to accurately study the elastic–plastic seismic response of the composite structure, the restoring force model of the building structure is the primary problem that needs to be solved. Previous research shows that shear connection degree, force ratio, and web height–thickness ratio are the major factors that influence composite box girder bearing capacity and seismic behavior. In this paper, low cycle vertical load tests of four steel–concrete composite box girders were conducted with different shear connection degrees and ratios of web height to thickness. The seismic behavior of a steel–concrete composite box girder was analyzed in depth, such as the hysteresis law, skeleton curve, and stiffness degradation law, etc. The influence of the shear connection degree and ratio of web height to thickness on seismic performance of the steel–concrete composite box girder was investigated. A three-fold line model of the bending moment–curvature skeleton curve of composite box girders was established. On the basis of experimental data and theoretical analysis, the formula of positive and negative stiffness degradation of composite box girders was obtained. Furthermore, the maximum point orientation hysteresis model of the bending moment–curvature of steel–concrete composite box girders was established. The calculated results of the restoring force model agree well with the experimental results. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified. The calculation method of the model is simple and clear, convenient for hand calculation, and suitable for engineering applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Civil Engineering: Seismic Performance Analysis of Structures)

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17 pages, 1769 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Seismic Design Codes for Shallow Foundations Adhering to the Kazakhstani and European Approaches

by Assel Zhanabayeva, Sung-Woo Moon, James Innocent Ocheme, Yeraly Shokbarov, Vitaliy Khomyakov, Jong Kim and Alfrendo Satyanaga

Sustainability 2023, 15(1), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010615 - 29 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1755

Abstract

Since 2015 the transition from the traditional seismic design regulation to the newly developed code of practice has been initiated in Kazakhstan. The introduced regulatory system involves the application of the European approach for the seismic design of buildings and structures on the territory of Kazakhstan. This study aims to present a comparative analysis of seismic design codes applied in Kazakhstan (i.e., SP RK 5.01-102-2013* Foundations of Buildings and Structures and SP RK 2.03-30-2017* Construction in Seismic Regions) and SP RK EN 1998-5:2004/2012 Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance, identical to Eurocode 8 (EC8). One of the critical aspects of the research investigates the difficulties of integrating European design standards into the local regulatory system. The necessity of applying the European approach considering the geotechnical features of the country provided in the National Annex (NA) is defined and proved. The designed codes of practice are also compared in terms of conservativeness, when considering a design problem verifying the seismic bearing capacity of a shallow foundation in Almaty city. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Civil Engineering: Seismic Performance Analysis of Structures)

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16 pages, 15705 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Seismic Base Isolation System Using Adaptive Harmony Search Algorithm

by Ayla Ocak, Sinan Melih Nigdeli, Gebrail Bekdaş, Sanghun Kim and Zong Woo Geem

Sustainability 2022, 14(12), 7456; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127456 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2170

Abstract

In this study, a seismic isolator placed on the base of a structure was optimized under various earthquake records using an adaptive harmony search algorithm (AHS). As known, the base-isolation systems with very low stiffness provide a rigid response of superstructure, so it was assumed that the structure is rigid and the base-isolated structure can be considered as a single-degree of freedom structure. By using this assumption, an optimization method that is independent of structural properties but specific to the chosen earthquake excitation set is proposed. By taking three different damping ratio limits and isolator displacement limits, the isolator period and damping ratio were optimized so that the acceleration of the structure was minimized for nine cases. In the critical seismic analysis performed with optimum isolator parameters, the results obtained for different damping ratios and isolator periods were compared. From the results, it is determined that isolators with low damping ratios require more ductility, and as the damping ratio increases, further restriction of the movement of the isolator increases the control efficiency. Thus, it is revealed that increasing the ductility of the isolator is effective in reducing the total acceleration in the structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Civil Engineering: Seismic Performance Analysis of Structures)

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23 pages, 8075 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis of Soil Nail Wall Structures Using Bayesian Linear Regression Approach

by Mahdi Bayat, Amir Homayoon Kosarieh and Mehran Javanmard

Sustainability 2021, 13(11), 5782; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115782 - 21 May 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1689

Abstract

This paper presents the seismic analytic fragility curve of soil nail wall structures. The numerical modeling procedure of the soil nail wall is presented and discussed in detail. Nonlinear elements have been used to provide an accurate finite element modeling of the soil nail wall. The effect of different soil modeling approaches is studied. Detailed procedures to select an efficient intensity measure are presented. Analytical fragility curves for the different performance levels of the soil nail wall are developed. Detailed techniques have been used to generate accurate soil modeling, such as the Mohr-Coulomb model (MC), Hardening Soil model (HS), and Hardening Soil model with Stiffness effect from small strains (HSS), and these are studied. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is implemented to capture the response of the wall from linear to nonlinear levels. The efficiency of the two common intensity measures is studied (PGA and Sa(T₁,5%)). It has been demonstrated that HSS and HS models are more reliable techniques for soil modeling. Two common intensity measures are studied, and the efficiency and the sufficiency of them are compared. It has been suggested that Sa(T₁,5%) is a more efficient intensity measure than PGA for soil nail structures due to less depression in the IDA results. Different performance levels were defined to develop analytical fragility curves for different damage states. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Civil Engineering: Seismic Performance Analysis of Structures)

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24 pages, 5814 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Damage Assessment of Historical Masonry Churches Subjected to Moderate Intensity Seismic Shaking

by Nicola Ruggieri

Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 4710; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094710 - 22 Apr 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1733

Abstract

An earthquake of magnitude 4.3 MW struck Cosenza (Calabria region, South Italy) and its immediate area on 24 February 2020. Although no damage was reported to ordinary masonry buildings, the ancient masonry churches suffered widespread damage. The herein article presents an analysis of the failures suffered by monumental buildings (e.g., churches) following a moderate seismic action. The contribution is based on the in situ damage observation of 14 churches, with a dating ranging from the 12th to 20th century. The study consists of a first phase, in which the different damage modes are identified, describing their causes and effects, and a second phase that correlates the damage detected to the main parameters that influence the seismic response of the churches (geometric characteristics, boundary condition, masonry and floor organization, past interventions, etc.), regardless of the state of conservation that was discrete for all buildings before the telluric event. From the rapid visual survey, the “weight” of each seismic parameter on the type of damage detected was then established. The past “retrofitting” interventions were decisive in the response of the ancient structure, with particular regard to those that made an aggravation of seismic mass and an increase in stiffness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Civil Engineering: Seismic Performance Analysis of Structures)

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25 pages, 1091 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gaussian Kernel Methods for Seismic Fragility and Risk Assessment of Mid-Rise Buildings

by Somayajulu L. N. Dhulipala

Sustainability 2021, 13(5), 2973; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052973 - 09 Mar 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2270

Abstract

Seismic fragility functions can be evaluated using the cloud analysis method with linear regression which makes three fundamental assumptions about the relation between structural response and seismic intensity: log-linear median relationship, constant standard deviation, and Gaussian distributed errors. While cloud analysis with linear regression is a popular method, the degree to which these individual and compounded assumptions affect the fragility and the risk of mid-rise buildings needs to be systematically studied. This paper conducts such a study considering three building archetypes that make up a bulk of the building stock: RC moment frame, steel moment frame, and wood shear wall. Gaussian kernel methods are employed to capture the data-driven variations in the median structural response and standard deviation and the distributions of residuals with the intensity level. With reference to the Gaussian kernels approach, it is found that while the linear regression assumptions may not affect the fragility functions of lower damage states, this conclusion does not hold for the higher damage states (such as the Complete state). In addition, the effects of linear regression assumptions on the seismic risk are evaluated. For predicting the demand hazard, it is found that the linear regression assumptions can impact the computed risk for larger structural response values. However, for predicting the loss hazard with downtime as the decision variable, linear regression can be considered adequate for all practical purposes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Civil Engineering: Seismic Performance Analysis of Structures)

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