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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 8247

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Amin Mohammadpour Shotorbani

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
Interests: operation and stability of electric power systems; optimal operation of smart energy systems; smart microgrids; renewable energy planning and integration; nonlinear control systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Kh Md Nahiduzzaman

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
Interests: digital twins; transformational land use and smart cities; resilient planning; climate challenges and environmental studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Yuanshi Zhang

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Guest Editor

School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214135, China
Interests: electric power system qualitative control; flexible DC power transmission; fine power grid control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Yahya Naderi

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Guest Editor

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XQ, UK
Interests: power quality; microgrids; power electronics; modelling and control of power electronic converters; model predictive control; low carbon technology device integration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Smart grid technologies improve the amount of sustainable generation in power systems, promote energy-saving, and enable the effective management of renewable energy sources. They also increase the capacity of grid-connected clean energy and low-carbon technologies. Renewable energy and low-carbon technologies are thrust areas of research. The application of smart grid technologies in renewable and clean energy systems is promising. This cross-disciplinary Special Issue of Sustainability is intended to disseminate new promising methods and techniques to maintain the stable and economic operation of smart grids when integrating sustainable energy.

Prospective authors are invited to submit original contributions, survey papers, or tutorials for review for publication in this Special Issue. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

Design, implementation, integration, and control of sustainable energy systems
Smart cities and energy sustainability
Economics of sustainable energy systems
Pro-environmental energy behavior
Sustainable energy consumption
Energy, water and climate chage nexus
Reliability and Security of sustainable energy supply
Smart grid technologies used in demand response and EV integration
Advanced Metering Infrastructure and cyber–physical systems
Multi-energy systems and transactive energy
Integration of low carbon technology (LCT) devices
Driving electric revolution (DER) and its impacts on future smart grids
Stability and modeling of the integration of renewable energy into the smart grid
Resiliency analysis of the smart grid integrated with sustainable energy
The intelligent and optimized operation and planning of future sustainable power and energy systems
Protections during faults in smart grids integrated with sustainable energy
Control solutions and planning principles based on the optimal and coordinated utilization of sustainable energy resources
Power quality issues of smart electrical systems integrated with sustainable energy

Dr. Amin Mohammadpour Shotorbani
Dr. Kh Md Nahiduzzaman
Dr. Yuanshi Zhang
Dr. Yahya Naderi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

smart grid
energy sustainability
driving electric revolution
low-carbon technology
multi-energy systems
transactive energy
sustainable development
reliability

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 1454 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Energy Configuration of Integrated Energy Community Considering Carbon Emission

by Jiangping Liu, Jianghong Nie, Xue Cui, Peng Liu, Pingzheng Tong and Xue Liu

Sustainability 2024, 16(2), 728; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020728 - 15 Jan 2024

Viewed by 754

Abstract

An integrated energy community with a distributed utilization of renewable energy and complementary electricity–gas–cold–heat integrated energy will play an important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. In addition, compared with traditional thermoelectric power equipment, solid oxide fuel cells have many advantages, such as a high energy utilization rate, good waste heat quality, and low carbon emissions. Therefore, the SOFC-based multi-energy and energy storage sharing operation model of an integrated energy community with an electricity–gas–cooling–heat integrated energy system is constructed, and a bi-objective optimal configuration model considering the carbon emission index is established. Considering the economic objective of the smallest annual total operating cost as the most important objective in optimizing the planning model, the ε-constraint method is used to transform the environmental objective function with the smallest annual total carbon emission into a constraint condition under the decision making of an economic single objective function, and then the planning model is linearized and solved by using the Big-M method and the McCormick relaxation method. By calculating and analyzing the energy allocation results in five scenarios, the effectiveness and rationality of the model built in this article are verified. At the same time, the calculation example analysis results show that as the ε value decreases, the energy configuration of the integrated energy community will shift from natural gas to clean energy. From this perspective, the energy equipment configuration and operating costs will increase. However, the heat storage system and power storage system sharing can effectively reduce the energy allocation capacity and costs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Grids, Sustainable Energy System, and Low-Carbon Technologies)

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21 pages, 3705 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Source-Load Coordinated Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch of Microgrid including Electric Vehicles

by Jiaqi Wu, Qian Zhang, Yangdong Lu, Tianxi Qin and Jianyong Bai

Sustainability 2023, 15(21), 15287; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115287 - 25 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 753

Abstract

As the global warming crisis becomes increasingly serious, sustainable dispatch strategies that can reduce CO₂ emissions are gradually developed. Aiming at the problems of poor synergy between carbon capture systems (CCS) and P2G as well as the potential of the source-load interaction of microgrids with electric vehicles for carbon reduction that needs to be explored, this paper proposes a source-load coordinated low-carbon economic dispatch strategy for microgrids, including electric vehicles. Firstly, considering the low-carbon operation characteristics of CCS and P2G, a comprehensively flexible and cooperative operation mode for CCS and P2G is constructed. Secondly, based on the carbon reduction potential of demand response on the energy consumption side, a demand response optimal scheduling model considering the participation of electric vehicles in the microgrid is established. Finally, based on the complementary characteristics of low-carbon resources on both sides of the microgrid, a source-load coordinated low-carbon economic dispatch strategy for the microgrid is proposed. The results show that the strategy proposed in this paper can fully use the energy time-shift advantage of CCS and P2G and can combine EVs and other load-side resources to flexibly participate in demand-side response, which effectively realizes source-load synergy and improves the low carbon and economy of the microgrid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Grids, Sustainable Energy System, and Low-Carbon Technologies)

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18 pages, 1314 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Decentralized Peer-to-Peer Gas and Electricity Transaction Market between Prosumers and Retailers Considering Integrated Demand Response Programs

by Hassan Khazaei, Hossein Aghamohammadloo, Milad Habibi, Mehdi Mehdinejad and Amin Mohammadpour Shotorbani

Sustainability 2023, 15(7), 6165; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076165 - 3 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1361

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized energy market consisting of retailers and prosumers considering integrated demand response (IDR). Retailers can trade electrical energy and gas with prosumers in a P2P way to maximize their welfare. Since they are equipped with electrical storage and power self-generation units, they can benefit from selling power not only to the upstream network but also to prosumers. In peer-to-peer transactions, the prosumers purchase electricity as well as gas from retailers. Because of their access to the competitive retail market, including some retailers, they enjoy more freedom to reduce their energy supply cost. In addition, the prosumers are equipped with an energy hub consisting of combined heat and power (CHP) units and electric pumps, allowing them to change their energy supply according to price fluctuations. Furthermore, they have some changeable electrical and thermal load enabling them to change their load if needed. To clear the proposed P2P decentralized market, a fully decentralized approach called the fully decentralized alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is applied. This method does not require a supervisory entity and, thus, preserves the players’ private information. The numerical studies performed on a system with two retailers and multiple prosumers demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed decentralized market. The results also show that the proposed decentralized algorithm achieves the optimal global solution, compared with the centralized approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Grids, Sustainable Energy System, and Low-Carbon Technologies)

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17 pages, 2548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Demand Response Transaction Method for Integrated Energy Systems with a Trigonometric Membership Function-Based Uncertainty Model of Costumers’ Responsive Behaviors

by Zhuochao Wu, Weixing Qian and Zhenya Ji

Sustainability 2022, 14(24), 16472; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416472 - 8 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 807

Abstract

As an important regulation tool for power systems, demand response can greatly improve system flexibility and economy. However, when an integrated energy system with a large number of flexible loads is aggregated for a demand response transaction, the uncertainty in the amount of the load response should be considered. Therefore, a demand response transaction model for an integrated energy system that considers the uncertainty of customer demand responses is proposed in this paper. We first analyze the uncertainty of incentive-based demand responses. Next, we investigate the relationship between the incentive level and the fluctuation of customer response volume. The flexible loads are classified into curtailable loads, translatable loads, and replaceable loads. Fuzzy variables are then used to represent the response volume of users, and a trigonometric membership function is used to represent the degree of uncertainty in the response volume of different flexible loads. Finally, the objective functions and chance constraints containing fuzzy variables are converted into explicit equivalence classes for solving. In the case study, the impact of the uncertainty of the user response volume on the revenue of each transaction entity and the impact of the fuzzy chance constraint confidence level on the response revenue are investigated. The results show that the revenue of each transaction entity decreases to a certain extent under the consideration of the uncertainty of the user response volume; the social welfare of the whole transaction increases as the confidence level of the chance constraint changes from high to low. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Grids, Sustainable Energy System, and Low-Carbon Technologies)

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14 pages, 1796 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Size Estimation of Bulk Capacitor Removal Using Limited Power Quality Monitors in the Distribution Network

by Mingang Tan, Chaohai Zhang and Bin Chen

Sustainability 2022, 14(22), 15153; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215153 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1133

Abstract

With a large number of distributed generators (DG) and sensitive power loads connected to the distribution network, power quality issues have increasingly become the focus of users’ attention. Accurate and quick estimation of the amount of bulk capacitor removal that causes voltage sag is helpful to maintain power quality management equipment in time. This paper presents a novel size estimation of bulk capacitor removal using a limited power quality monitor (PQM) in the distribution network, including PQM deployment optimization, feeder localization, and capacitor removal amount calculation. The PQM placement is optimized by taking the estimated capacitance removal sizes of all buses as a constraint. The change of reactive power consumption before and after removing the capacitor at each power line is adopted to determine the feeder where the disturbance is located. Based on the impedance characteristics of the power grid components, the steady estimation method (SEM) is deduced using the fundamental voltage and current. Applying the sampling points of instantaneous voltage and current waveform, the transient estimation method (TEM) is constructed by data fitting. Case studies and index analysis for the IEEE 13 bus test work are presented to verify the reasonableness and accuracy of the proposed method for disturbed bus, capacitor size, load symmetry, disturbance duration, and DGs. SEM shows more stability and accuracy, while TEM performs faster and is more robust. The new methods provide a reliable and acceptable disturbance size estimation with several limited PQMs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Grids, Sustainable Energy System, and Low-Carbon Technologies)

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17 pages, 7840 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adaptive Frequency Control Strategy for PMSG-Based Wind Power Plant Considering Releasable Reserve Power

by Jianfeng Dai, Cangbi Ding, Xia Zhou and Yi Tang

Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031247 - 22 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1680

Abstract

Wind power plants (WPPs) are required to provide primary frequency regulation services when a high proportion of wind power is connected to the grid. The reserve power of wind turbine generators (WTGs), including rotor kinetic energy and deloading power, is determined by its current rotor speed and active power, thus, different frequency regulation levels of WTGs will be formed because of the variable wind speed and the wake effect in a WPP. This article proposes an adaptive frequency control strategy considering releasable reserve power that can enhance the frequency regulation capacity in the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based WPP. The inertial control gains of frequency controller for PMSGs are adjusted adaptively, resting with the releasable kinetic energy, which is a function of current rotor speed. Moreover, primary frequency control gains are adjusted adaptively, resting with the releasable deloading power, which is a function of the current active power, thus, a PMSG operating at a higher rotor speed and active power can release more rotor kinetic energy and deloading power to provide greater frequency regulation capability. The proposed adaptive frequency control strategy is tested using a PSCAD/EMTDC simulator. The simulation analysis indicates that the reserve power of PMSGs in WPP can be utilized effectively while ensuring their stable operation. Meanwhile, the frequency regulation capability would be further enhanced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Grids, Sustainable Energy System, and Low-Carbon Technologies)

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