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Toxics
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Research on Veterinary Toxicology
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Research on Veterinary Toxicology

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 3009

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Chongshan Dai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
Interests: antioxidants; oxidative stress; molecular mechanism; autophagy; ferroptosis; neurotoxicity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Veterinary toxicology is an important branch and interdisciplinary field of veterinary medicine and toxicology, and is a very complex and fascinating discipline. With the proposal of the concept of "One World, One Health", animals are closely related to humans and the environment, and they are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Veterinary toxicology has made many exciting contributions in the struggle to create safe production processes and a beautiful living environment. For example, developing and using safe drugs, containing or reducing antibiotic residues, developing green aquaculture technologies, and curbing ecological pollution are very important for human and animal health.

To promote the development of veterinary toxicology and contribute to  "One World, One Health", in this Special Issue, we aim to collate innovative original research and review articles that focus on the below aspects:

  • Safety evaluation of veterinary drugs;
  • Molecular toxicology of antibacterial drugs (used in animal clinical practice);
  • Toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of heavy metals;
  • Pollution, toxicity evaluation, and molecular mechanisms of mycotoxins;
  • Therapeutic and toxic effects of natural products;
  • Research and development of animal health products;
  • Safety evaluation and toxic effects of feed additives.

I sincerely hope to receive your support and contributions.

Dr. Chongshan Dai
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • safety assessment
  • cytotoxicity
  • natural products
  • toxic mechanisms
  • mycotoxins
  • protective agents
  • heavy metals
  • toxic effects

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4514 KiB  
Article
Potential Hepatoprotective Effects of Allicin on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis
by Qianmei Gong, Xiaoming Wang, Yongshi Liu, Heling Yuan, Zifeng Ge, Yuzhou Li, Jinhu Huang, Yufan Liu, Ming Chen, Wenjun Xiao, Ruiting Liu, Rongmei Shi and Liping Wang
Toxics 2024, 12(5), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050328 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
The global burden of liver disease is enormous, which highlights the need for effective hepatoprotective agents. It was reported that allicin exhibits protective effects against a range of diseases. In this study, we further evaluated allicin’s effect and mechanism in acute hepatic injury. [...] Read more.
The global burden of liver disease is enormous, which highlights the need for effective hepatoprotective agents. It was reported that allicin exhibits protective effects against a range of diseases. In this study, we further evaluated allicin’s effect and mechanism in acute hepatic injury. Liver injury in mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection with 1% CCl4 (10 mL/kg/day). When the first dose was given, CCl4 was given immediately after administration of different doses of allicin (40, 20, and 10 mg/kg/day) as well as compound glycyrrhizin (CGI, 80 mg/kg/day), and then different doses of allicin (40, 20, and 10 mg/kg/day) as well as compound glycyrrhizin (CGI, 80 mg/kg/day) were administrated every 12 h. The animals were dissected 24 h after the first administration. The findings demonstrated a significant inhibition of CCl4-induced acute liver injury following allicin treatment. This inhibition was evidenced by notable reductions in serum levels of transaminases, specifically aspartate transaminase, along with mitigated histological damage to the liver. In this protective process, allicin plays the role of reducing the amounts or the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6. Furthermore, allicin recovered the activities of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and reduced the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose-dependent manner, and also reduced liver Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and BAX to inhibit liver cell apoptosis. Further analysis showed that the administration of allicin inhibited the increased protein levels of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which is related to inflammation and oxidative stress. The in vitro study of the LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model confirmed that allicin can inhibit important inflammation-related factors and alleviate inflammation. This research firstly clarified that allicin has a significant protective effect on CCl4-induced liver injury via inhibiting the inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis, alleviating oxidative stress associated with the progress of liver damage, highlighting the potential of allicin as a hepatoprotective agent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Veterinary Toxicology)
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9 pages, 588 KiB  
Communication
Low Doses of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Alone or in Combination with a Mycotoxin Binder Affect ABCB1 mRNA and ABCC2 mRNA Expression in the Intestines of Pigs
by Nikolay Nikolov, Tsvetelina Petkova, Rumen Binev and Aneliya Milanova
Toxics 2024, 12(4), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040297 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 428
Abstract
Mycotoxin binders, in combination with enzymes degrading some mycotoxins, contribute to feed detoxification. Their use reduces economic losses and the negative impacts of mycotoxins on animal health and productivity in farm animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of [...] Read more.
Mycotoxin binders, in combination with enzymes degrading some mycotoxins, contribute to feed detoxification. Their use reduces economic losses and the negative impacts of mycotoxins on animal health and productivity in farm animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a mycotoxin detoxifier on the expression of the ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters ABCB1 mRNA and ABCC2 mRNA, which transport xenobiotics and thus have a barrier function, in the tissues of pigs exposed to low doses of deoxynivalenol (DON, 1 mg/kg feed) and zearalenone (ZEN, 0.4 mg/kg feed) for 37 days. The levels of expression were determined by an RT-PCR, and the effect of the mycotoxin detoxifier (Mycofix Plus3.E) was evaluated by a comparison of results between healthy pigs (n = 6), animals treated with DON and ZEN (n = 6), and a group that received both mycotoxins and the detoxifier (n = 6). A significant downregulation of ABCB1 mRNA and ABCC2 mRNA was observed in the jejunum (p < 0.05). A tendencies toward the downregulation of ABCB1 mRNA and ABCC2 mRNA were found in the ileum and duodenum, respectively. The mycotoxin detoxifier restored the expression of ABCB1 mRNA to the level found in healthy animals but did not restore that of ABCC2 mRNA to the level of healthy animals in the jejunum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Veterinary Toxicology)
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18 pages, 17505 KiB  
Article
MicroRNA in the Exosomes Mediated by Resveratrol to Activate Neuronal Cells
by Zhendong Zhang, Qi Tao, Lixia Bai, Zhe Qin, Xiwang Liu, Shihong Li, Yajun Yang, Wenbo Ge and Jianyong Li
Toxics 2024, 12(2), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12020122 - 01 Feb 2024
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Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol, is known to have a wide range of pharmacological properties in vitro. RSV may have therapeutic value for various neurodegenerative diseases via neuroprotective effects. However, it is not yet clear whether RSV can induce intestinal–brain interactions. It is assumed [...] Read more.
Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol, is known to have a wide range of pharmacological properties in vitro. RSV may have therapeutic value for various neurodegenerative diseases via neuroprotective effects. However, it is not yet clear whether RSV can induce intestinal–brain interactions. It is assumed that the intestinal cells may secrete some factors after being stimulated by other substances. These secreted factors may activate nerve cells through gut–brain interaction, such as exosomes. In this study, it was discovered that Caco-2 cells treated with RSV secrete exosomes to activate SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. The results showed that secreted factors from RSV-treated Caco-2 cells activated SH-SY5Y. The exosomes of RSV-treated Caco-2 cells activated SH-SY5Y cells, which was manifested in the lengthening of the nerve filaments of SH-SY5Y cells. The exosomes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencer. The results showed that the miRNA expression profile of exosomes after RSV treatment changed, and twenty-six kinds of miRNAs were identified which expressed differentially between the control group and the RSV-treated group. Among them, three miRNAs were selected as candidate genes for inducing SH-SY5Y neural cell activation. Three miRNA mimics could activate SH-SY5Y neurons. These results suggested that the miRNA in intestinal exocrine cells treated with RSV may play an important role in the activation of SH-SY5Y neurons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Veterinary Toxicology)
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15 pages, 10689 KiB  
Article
Gene Expression of Abcc2 and Its Regulation by Chicken Xenobiotic Receptor
by Yanhong Gao, Huacheng Deng, Yuying Zhao, Mei Li, Liping Wang and Yujuan Zhang
Toxics 2024, 12(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010055 - 10 Jan 2024
Viewed by 915
Abstract
Membrane transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/Abcc2) exhibits high pharmaco-toxicological relevance because it exports multiple cytotoxic compounds from cells. However, no detailed information about the gene expression and regulation of MRP2 in chickens is yet available. Here, we sought to investigate the expression [...] Read more.
Membrane transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/Abcc2) exhibits high pharmaco-toxicological relevance because it exports multiple cytotoxic compounds from cells. However, no detailed information about the gene expression and regulation of MRP2 in chickens is yet available. Here, we sought to investigate the expression distribution of Abcc2 in different tissues of chicken and then determine whether Abcc2 expression is induced by chicken xenobiotic receptor (CXR). The bioinformatics analyses showed that MRP2 transporters have three transmembrane structural domains (MSDs) and two highly conserved nucleotide structural domains (NBDs), and a close evolutionary relationship with turkeys. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that Abcc2 was highly expressed in the liver, kidney, duodenum, and jejunum. When exposed to metyrapone (an agonist of CXR) and ketoconazole (an antagonist of CXR), Abcc2 expression was upregulated and downregulated correspondingly. We further confirmed that Abcc2 gene regulation is dependent on CXR, by overexpressing and interfering with CXR, respectively. We also demonstrated the induction of Abcc2 expression and the activity of ivermectin, with CXR being a likely mediator. Animal experiments demonstrated that metyrapone and ivermectin induced Abcc2 in the liver, kidney, and duodenum of chickens. Together, our study identified the gene expression of Abcc2 and its regulation by CXR in chickens, which may provide novel targets for the reasonable usage of veterinary drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Veterinary Toxicology)
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