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Vaccines
Special Issues
Immunology and Protective Efficacy of Adjuvanted Vaccines
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Immunology and Protective Efficacy of Adjuvanted Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccine Adjuvants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 5975

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Abu Salim Mustafa

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Health Sciences Center Kuwait Faculty of Medicine, Safat, Kuwait
Interests: vaccines; adjuvants and delivery systems; tuberculosis; microbial genomics; WGS
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hussain Safar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
OMICS Research Unit, Health Science Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
Interests: vaccines; adjuvants and delivery systems; tuberculosis; microbial genomics; WGS

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adjuvants are ingredients used in vaccine preparations to enhance or deviate the immune response to/away from a particular subset. The use of adjuvants and delivery systems has expanded the field of vaccine development by fulfilling many requirements for a successful vaccine. One of the main advantages of the adjuvants and delivery systems is the induction of rapid and extended duration of immune responses by enhancing B and T memory responses, and/or increase in effector T cell responses and antibody titers. In addition, adjuvanted vaccines can be directed to elicit appropriate immune responses in immunocompromised individuals and lower antigen doses in healthy subjects. The path to finding the right formula for adjuvanted vaccines seems to be a bit more complex. A successful adjuvanted vaccine must be well-tolerated, biodegradable, induces appropriate immune responses, and most importantly safe to administer in various populations.

We would like to invite scientists and researchers to share their valuable knowledge and experience by contributing to this special issue, which is focused on the recent scientific developments and current trends in adjuvanted vaccines and delivery systems, and their impact on the immune system. Kindly contribute with an original article, observation or review to highlight (i) the role of adjuvants/delivery systems to enhance antigen delivery or uptake, (ii) the adjuvanted vaccines mechanism of action, (iii) immune response elicited in response to adjuvanted vaccines, and (iv) recent advances in the development and application of novel prophylactic and therapeutic adjuvanted vaccines.

Prof. Dr. Abu Salim Mustafa
Dr. Hussain Safar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccines
  • adjuvants and delivery systems
  • immunology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2155 KiB  
Article
The Respiratory Commensal Bacterium Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Nasal Vaccines
by Ramiro Ortiz Moyano, Fernanda Raya Tonetti, Kohtaro Fukuyama, Mariano Elean, Mikado Tomokiyo, Yoshihito Suda, Vyacheslav Melnikov, Haruki Kitazawa and Julio Villena
Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 611; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030611 - 08 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2011
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that nasally administered Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 090104 (Cp) or its bacterium-like particles (BLPs) increase the resistance of mice against bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens by modulating the innate immunity. In this work, we evaluated the ability of Cp and BLPs to [...] Read more.
Previously, we demonstrated that nasally administered Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 090104 (Cp) or its bacterium-like particles (BLPs) increase the resistance of mice against bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens by modulating the innate immunity. In this work, we evaluated the ability of Cp and BLPs to stimulate alveolar macrophages, and to enhance the humoral immune response induced by a commercial vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae. In the first set of experiments, Cp or the BLPs were incubated with primary cultures of murine alveolar macrophages and the phagocytic activity, and the production of cytokines was evaluated. The results revealed that Cp and BLPs were efficiently phagocyted by respiratory macrophages and that both treatments triggered the production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-1β. In the second set of experiments, 3-week-old Swiss mice were intranasally immunized at days 0, 14, and 28 with the pneumococcal vaccine Prevenar®13 (PCV), Cp + PCV, or BLPs + PCV. On day 33, samples of bronco-alveolar lavages (BAL) and serum were collected for the study of specific antibodies. In addition, immunized mice were challenged with S. pneumoniae serotypes 6B or 19F on day 33 and sacrificed on day 35 (day 2 post-infection) to evaluate the resistance to the infection. Both Cp + PCV and BLPs + PCV groups had higher specific serum IgG and BAL IgA antibodies than the PCV control mice. In addition, the mice that were immunized with Cp + PCV or BLPs + PCV had lower lung and blood pneumococcal cell counts as well as lower levels of BAL albumin and LDH, indicating a reduced lung damage compared to the control mice. Improved levels of anti-pneumococcal antibodies were also detected in the serum and BAL samples after the challenges with the pathogens. The results demonstrated that C. pseudodiphtheriticum 090104 and its bacterium-like particles are capable of stimulating the respiratory innate immune system serving as adjuvants to potentiate the adaptive humoral immune response. Our study is a step forward in the positioning of this respiratory commensal bacterium as a promising mucosal adjuvant for vaccine formulations aimed at combating respiratory infectious diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunology and Protective Efficacy of Adjuvanted Vaccines)
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11 pages, 1875 KiB  
Article
Increase in the Immune Response in Balb/c Mice after the Co-Administration of a Vector-Based COVID-19 Vaccine with Cytosine Phosphoguanine Oligodeoxynucleotide
by Divine Ainee Celise, James Kimotho, Josephine W. Kimani, Alex Kigundu Muriithi and Eddy Okoth Odari
Vaccines 2023, 11(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010053 - 26 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1510
Abstract
The effects of cytosine phosphoguanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CPG ODNs) on immune response have been demonstrated for different vaccines; however, such information is limited for the vector-based Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper aims to demonstrate the potential effect of CPG ODNs on immunological response [...] Read more.
The effects of cytosine phosphoguanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CPG ODNs) on immune response have been demonstrated for different vaccines; however, such information is limited for the vector-based Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper aims to demonstrate the potential effect of CPG ODNs on immunological response against the vector-based COVID-19 vaccine on Balb/c mice using a JNJ-78436735 Ad26.COV2-S recombinant as a model vaccine. A total of 18 BALB/c mice clustered into six groups were used. All groups were observed for 14- and 28-days post immunization. Qualitative determination of IgG was performed using indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and qPCR for cytokine profiling. A significant (p ≤ 0.001) rise in antibody response was observed for groups 3 and 4, who also showed increased expression levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ). Immunological parameters for toxicity were normal in all treatment groups. We conclude that supplementing vector-based COVID-19 vaccines with CpG ODNs has the potential to boost the body’s immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunology and Protective Efficacy of Adjuvanted Vaccines)
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14 pages, 1486 KiB  
Communication
Kinetic of the Antibody Response Following AddaVax-Adjuvanted Immunization with Recombinant Influenza Antigens
by Ted. M. Ross, Naveen Gokanapudi, Pan Ge, Hua Shi, Robert A. Richardson, Spencer R. Pierce, Pedro Sanchez, Subhan Ullah, Eliana De Luca and Giuseppe A. Sautto
Vaccines 2022, 10(8), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081315 - 14 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1982
Abstract
Notwithstanding the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, influenza virus infection still represents a global health concern in terms of hospitalizations and possible pandemic threats. The objective of next-generation influenza vaccines is not only to increase the breadth of response but also to improve the elicitation [...] Read more.
Notwithstanding the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, influenza virus infection still represents a global health concern in terms of hospitalizations and possible pandemic threats. The objective of next-generation influenza vaccines is not only to increase the breadth of response but also to improve the elicitation of an effective and robust immune response, especially in high-risk populations. To achieve this second objective, the administration of adjuvanted influenza vaccines has been considered. In this regard, the monitoring and characterization of the antibody response associated with the administration of adjuvanted vaccines has been evaluated in this study in order to shed light on the kinetic, magnitude and subclass usage of antibody secreting cells (ASCs) as well as of circulating antigen-specific serum antibodies. Specifically, we utilized the DBA/2J mouse model to assess the kinetic, magnitude and IgG subclass usage of the antibody response following an intramuscular (IM) or intraperitoneal (IP) immunization regimen with AddaVax-adjuvanted bivalent H1N1 and H3N2 computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) influenza recombinant hemagglutinins (rHAs). While the serological evaluation revealed a homogeneous kinetic of the antibody response, the detection of the ASCs through a FluoroSpot platform revealed a different magnitude, subclass usage and kinetic of the antigen-specific IgG secreting cells peaking at day 5 and day 9 following the IP and IM immunization, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunology and Protective Efficacy of Adjuvanted Vaccines)
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