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Veterinary Sciences
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Current and Future Advances of Cardiology in Veterinary Research and...
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Current and Future Advances of Cardiology in Veterinary Research and Clinical Practice

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Internal Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2023) | Viewed by 9867

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ryou Tanaka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
Interests: cardiothoracic surgery; veterinary cardiology; echocardiography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ahmed S. Mandour

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
Interests: veterinary internal medicine; veterinary cardiology; echocardiography; diagnostic imaging; biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases are important cause of death in animals. Veterinary cardiology attracts the attention of many researchers in various veterinary institutions. In the past, this field of research was almost restricted to small animals; however, with the wide expanse of diagnostic facilities, the field has been widened to include various animal species under various physiologic and pathological circumstances. This is because of the introduction of recent diagnostic facilities which can be applied even under adverse conditions. This includes new echocardiographic methods which showed promising results to replace invasive diagnostic approaches, smartphone-based heart function monitoring facilities, biomarkers, and new cardioprotective therapies. In this special issue, original articles, systematic reviews, short communication, and case reports are welcome. Our research topic includes diagnostic techniques, disease models, clinical studies, laboratory markers, invasive methods, and new therapies in the cardiovascular area in laboratory models, companion animals as well as farm animals.

Prof. Dr. Ryou Tanaka
Prof. Dr. Ahmed S. Mandour
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • veterinary cardiology 
  • heart function 
  • echocardiography 
  • ECG 
  • interventional cardiology 
  • biomarkers 
  • cardiac dysfunction models 
  • smart technology

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 10608 KiB  
Article
Machine Learning Techniques for Canine Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Classification: Integrating Anamnesis, Quality of Life Survey, and Physical Examination
by Javier Engel-Manchado, José Alberto Montoya-Alonso, Luis Doménech, Oscar Monge-Utrilla, Yamir Reina-Doreste, Jorge Isidoro Matos, Alicia Caro-Vadillo, Laín García-Guasch and José Ignacio Redondo
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(3), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11030118 - 6 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1699
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is a prevalent canine cardiac disease typically diagnosed and classified using echocardiography. However, accessibility to this technique can be limited in first-opinion clinics. This study aimed to determine if machine learning techniques can classify MMVD according to the [...] Read more.
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is a prevalent canine cardiac disease typically diagnosed and classified using echocardiography. However, accessibility to this technique can be limited in first-opinion clinics. This study aimed to determine if machine learning techniques can classify MMVD according to the ACVIM classification (B1, B2, C, and D) through a structured anamnesis, quality of life survey, and physical examination. This report encompassed 23 veterinary hospitals and assessed 1011 dogs for MMVD using the FETCH-Q quality of life survey, clinical history, physical examination, and basic echocardiography. Employing a classification tree and a random forest analysis, the complex model accurately identified 96.9% of control group dogs, 49.8% of B1, 62.2% of B2, 77.2% of C, and 7.7% of D cases. To enhance clinical utility, a simplified model grouping B1 and B2 and C and D into categories B and CD improved accuracy rates to 90.8% for stage B, 73.4% for stages CD, and 93.8% for the control group. In conclusion, the current machine-learning technique was able to stage healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD classified into stages B and CD in the majority of dogs using quality of life surveys, medical history, and physical examinations. However, the technique faces difficulties differentiating between stages B1 and B2 and determining between advanced stages of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Advances of Cardiology in Veterinary Research and Clinical Practice)
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14 pages, 2117 KiB  
Article
Electrocardiographic Reference Values in Clinically Healthy Lusitano Horses
by Alexandre Triguinho, Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa, José Pimenta and Mário Cotovio
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(8), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080518 - 10 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1127
Abstract
The Lusitano horse is gaining popularity in the equestrian world, and as a result, the significance of applied sports medicine for this breed is growing. As cardiology plays a crucial role in this field, numerous studies have been conducted to establish electrocardiographic reference [...] Read more.
The Lusitano horse is gaining popularity in the equestrian world, and as a result, the significance of applied sports medicine for this breed is growing. As cardiology plays a crucial role in this field, numerous studies have been conducted to establish electrocardiographic reference values in various breeds to ensure a more accurate evaluation. However, studies regarding healthy Lusitano horses are lacking. So, this study aimed to establish electrocardiographic reference values for Lusitano horses, utilizing a sample of 82 clinically healthy animals. The evaluation involved lead II and base–apex lead measurements, with a median heart rate of 39 beats per minute being recorded. The P wave demonstrated a predominantly bifid configuration, while the QRS complex exhibited various forms. The most common QRS configurations were QR and R in lead II, and RS in the base–apex lead. Additionally, most T waves displayed a biphasic shape in both methods. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were noted based on age and gender. Some of the electrocardiographic values obtained differed from those previously published for other breeds. Given the relevance of electrocardiogram in cardiovascular evaluation, these findings bring valuable insights regarding the specific parameters for Lusitano horse and emphasize the importance of obtaining breed-specific electrocardiographic reference values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Advances of Cardiology in Veterinary Research and Clinical Practice)
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13 pages, 586 KiB  
Article
Cardiovascular Effect of Epoprostenol and Intravenous Cardiac Drugs for Acute Heart Failure on Canine Pulmonary Hypertension
by Yunosuke Yuchi, Ryohei Suzuki, Shuji Satomi, Takahiro Saito, Takahiro Teshima and Hirotaka Matsumoto
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(4), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10040302 - 19 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1779
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening complication in dogs with cardiopulmonary disease. Epoprostenol is an intravenous pulmonary vasodilator used to treat PH in humans; however, its efficacy in dogs remains unknown. We investigated the cardiovascular effects of epoprostenol and several cardiac agents for [...] Read more.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening complication in dogs with cardiopulmonary disease. Epoprostenol is an intravenous pulmonary vasodilator used to treat PH in humans; however, its efficacy in dogs remains unknown. We investigated the cardiovascular effects of epoprostenol and several cardiac agents for acute heart failure in canine models of chronic PH. Six dogs with chronic PH were anesthetized and underwent right heart catheterization and echocardiography before and after infusion of epoprostenol, dobutamine, dopamine and pimobendane. (The drug administration order was the same for all dogs). High-dose epoprostenol (15–20 ng/kg/min) tended to decrease pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) while significantly decreasing pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance and increasing left and right ventricular (LV and RV, respectively) function. Pimobendan significantly increased LV and RV functions without increasing PAP. Conversely, dobutamine and dopamine significantly increased LV and RV function as well as PAP. This study revealed the efficacy of epoprostenol in treating canine PH through its pulmonary and systemic vasodilating effects. Although catecholamines improve LV and RV function, they might worsen PH pathophysiology, and careful monitoring may be necessary when using these drugs. Pimobendan improved LV and RV function without increasing PAP; however, a stronger vasodilating effect was observed with epoprostenol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Advances of Cardiology in Veterinary Research and Clinical Practice)
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8 pages, 568 KiB  
Communication
Plasma Chymase Activity Reflects the Change in Hemodynamics Observed after the Surgical Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Dogs
by Kazumi Shimada, Lina Hamabe, Miki Hirose, Momoko Watanabe, Aimi Yokoi, Aki Takeuchi, Yusuke Ozai, Tomohiko Yoshida, Shinji Takai, Denan Jin, Meric Kocaturk, Katsumi Uehara and Ryou Tanaka
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(12), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9120682 - 8 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1336
Abstract
Chymase is a protease stored in mast cell granules that produces angiotensin II (ANG II) from angiotensin I (ANG I) and is associated with tissue injury, inflammation, and remodeling, especially involving the cardiovascular system. As cardiovascular events occur, chymase is activated by degranulation [...] Read more.
Chymase is a protease stored in mast cell granules that produces angiotensin II (ANG II) from angiotensin I (ANG I) and is associated with tissue injury, inflammation, and remodeling, especially involving the cardiovascular system. As cardiovascular events occur, chymase is activated by degranulation to the extracellular matrix. Although chymase has been suggested to be associated with cardiovascular disease progression, there are not enough reports in veterinary medicine. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital cardiac disease in veterinary medicine. Almost all cases of PDA can be treated surgically to prevent the development of congestive heart disease and/or pulmonary hypertension. The aims of the present study were to measure chymase activity before and after PDA occlusions, and to investigate the relationships between the congestive and hemodynamic states of PDA and chymase activity. In the present study, 17 puppies diagnosed with PDA were included and all puppies completely recovered to the level of healthy dogs. Chymase activity significantly decreased at 2 months after the operation, along with the echocardiography parameters of congestion. Therefore, plasma chymase activity may be useful as a novel predictor for understanding the hemodynamics of PDA in veterinary medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Advances of Cardiology in Veterinary Research and Clinical Practice)
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10 pages, 733 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function in Healthy Retrievers Using Standard and 2D Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography
by Lina Hamabe, Kazumi Shimada, Ahmed S. Mandour, Tomohiko Yoshida, Miki Hirose, Hanan Hendawy, Hussein M. El-Husseiny and Ryou Tanaka
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(10), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100529 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1767
Abstract
Standard echocardiography is vital for the assessment of cardiac performance in healthy and diseased animals. Similarly, two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is an advanced echocardiographic technique that is becoming increasingly important for the assessment of myocardial function. Breeds, age, and body weight (BW) are [...] Read more.
Standard echocardiography is vital for the assessment of cardiac performance in healthy and diseased animals. Similarly, two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is an advanced echocardiographic technique that is becoming increasingly important for the assessment of myocardial function. Breeds, age, and body weight (BW) are known to be important factors affecting the echocardiographic parameters; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of breed, age, and BW on the echocardiographic parameters in three breeds of clinically healthy Retrievers. A total of 46 Retrievers, including 16 Flat-coated Retrievers (FR), 16 Golden Retrievers (GR), and 14 Labrador Retrievers (LR) were included in the study. The comparison of the breeds revealed significant differences in the LV wall thickness of FR and GR, although further analysis using MLR showed that the differences were most likely associated with BW, similarly to the other LV dimensions. Functional parameters, including ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and left-atrial-to-aortic ratio, were independent of breed, age, and BW. On the other hand, peak aortic blood flow velocity, trans-mitral rapid ventricular filling flow, and the ratio of trans-mitral rapid ventricular filling flow to atrial contraction were influenced by age. The 2D-STE-derived radial and circumferential strain parameters were independent of breed, age, and BW, except for global strain in the radial direction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Advances of Cardiology in Veterinary Research and Clinical Practice)
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