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Viruses
Special Issues
Ocular Viral Infections
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Ocular Viral Infections

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 11612

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Koju Kamoi

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Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
Interests: ocular viral infection; retrovirus; HTLV-1; uveitis; intraocular inflammation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral infection has been a subject of worldwide attention since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a novel pathogen in 2019. In terms of the eye, specific virus infections have been identified as causative agents for ocular diseases, which lead to visual impairment and subsequently impact on quality of life. Adenoviruses and herpesviruses (herpes simplex viruses, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6 and 7) cause ocular complications such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, and uveitis. Retroviruses such as HTLV-1 and HIV are also known to cause ocular disorders. Dengue virus and Chikungunya virus are leading causes of ocular inflammation in tropical regions. Recently, ocular complications caused by the emerging Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2 are current concerns among ophthalmologists. In this Special Issue, we will discuss the current understanding of ocular viral infection.

This Issue covers a wide range of topics, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination.

Prof. Dr. Koju Kamoi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • virus infection
  • epidemiology
  • transmission
  • pathogenesis
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • vaccination

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 977 KiB  
Article
Overweight and Obesity as Risk Factors for Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis during Long-Term Antiviral Prophylaxis
by Chiung-Ju Hsu, Jia-Horung Hung, I-Huang Lin, Sung-Huei Tseng, Sheng-Hsiang Lin and Yi-Hsun Huang
Viruses 2022, 14(12), 2812; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122812 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1258
Abstract
Although past research has shown an association between obesity and herpes simplex virus infection, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) recurrence has never been investigated. In this study, we included HSK patients who received oral valacyclovir as [...] Read more.
Although past research has shown an association between obesity and herpes simplex virus infection, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) recurrence has never been investigated. In this study, we included HSK patients who received oral valacyclovir as prophylactic treatment between January 2016 and January 2021. Recurrence, possible risk factors, and the time to recurrence were recorded during follow-ups. Among the 56 patients included in this study, recurrence was reported in 21 (37.5%) patients. The age at disease onset and mean follow-up time were not significantly different in the recurrence and non-recurrence groups. However, in the Cox regression analysis, BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 was noted as the variable having significant correlation with recurrence (p = 0.01 in univariate analysis and p = 0.001 in multivariate analysis). In conclusion, overweight and obesity were revealed as risk factors for HSK recurrence in patients receiving long-term antiviral prophylaxis. Further studies are needed to determine the appropriate acyclovir concentrations in the blood or aqueous humour in order to achieve desirable prophylactic effects, especially in the overweight and obese patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocular Viral Infections)
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Review

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14 pages, 1184 KiB  
Review
Viral Conjunctivitis
by Tetsuaya Muto, Shinichiro Imaizumi and Koju Kamoi
Viruses 2023, 15(3), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030676 - 4 Mar 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6996
Abstract
Viruses account for 80% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis and adenovirus; enterovirus and herpes virus are the common causative agents. In general, viral conjunctivitis spreads easily. Therefore, to control the spread, it is crucial to quickly diagnose illnesses, strictly implement hand washing [...] Read more.
Viruses account for 80% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis and adenovirus; enterovirus and herpes virus are the common causative agents. In general, viral conjunctivitis spreads easily. Therefore, to control the spread, it is crucial to quickly diagnose illnesses, strictly implement hand washing laws, and sanitize surfaces. Swelling of the lid margin and ciliary injection are subjective symptoms, and eye discharge is frequently serofibrinous. Preauricular lymph node swelling can occasionally occur. Approximately 80% of cases of viral conjunctivitis are caused by adenoviruses. Adenoviral conjunctivitis may become a big global concern and may cause a pandemic. Diagnosis of herpes simplex viral conjunctivitis is crucial for using corticosteroid eye solution as a treatment for adenovirus conjunctivitis. Although specific treatments are not always accessible, early diagnosis of viral conjunctivitis may help to alleviate short-term symptoms and avoid long-term consequences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocular Viral Infections)
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10 pages, 870 KiB  
Review
Mpox (Monkeypox) and the Eye: Ocular Manifestation, Diagnosis, Treatment and Vaccination
by Yuan Zong, Koju Kamoi, Jing Zhang, Mingming Yang and Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
Viruses 2023, 15(3), 616; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030616 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2542
Abstract
At present, the world is at the tipping point of the outbreak of mpox. The World Health Organization has declared the current mpox outbreak a ‘public health emergency of international concern’. Mpox has been shown to be associated with several ocular manifestations. Given [...] Read more.
At present, the world is at the tipping point of the outbreak of mpox. The World Health Organization has declared the current mpox outbreak a ‘public health emergency of international concern’. Mpox has been shown to be associated with several ocular manifestations. Given the current state of the mpox outbreak, healthcare providers, particularly ophthalmologists, need to be aware of these ophthalmic symptoms and how to manage them. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on the ocular symptoms of mpox virus (MPXV) infections and how to detect them. In addition, we summarize the treatment strategies for these ocular manifestations of MPXV infections and outline the relationship between vaccination and the ocular symptoms of mpox. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocular Viral Infections)
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