Pre-existing Immunity Effects on Viral Infections and Vaccinations
A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 36208
Special Issue Editors
Interests: influenza; antibody responses; original antigenic sin; vaccine effectiveness; viral evolution; HIV persistence
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Virus exposure, through infection or vaccination, can elicit cellular and humoral immune responses. For many viruses, these immune responses are long-lasting. In the case of influenza viruses, pre-existing immunity can shape immune responses and susceptibility to antigenically drifted viral strains later in life. Cross-reactive pre-existing antibodies can exacerbate viral pathogenesis in some cases. For instance, prior exposure to dengue virus can result in antibody-dependent enhancement upon re-infection. The implications of pre-existing immunity to many viruses are not fully understood. For example, it is unknown how prior coronavirus infections impact SARS-CoV-2 immunity.
Pre-existing immunity can also interfere with vaccine immunogenicity. For instance, immunity against adenoviruses limits the widespread use of human adenovirus (Ad) vectors in vaccines and therapeutics. To overcome this, chimpanzee-derived adenovirus vectors (ChAd) and prime-boost strategies have been developed. Additionally, pre-existing antibodies as a result of transplacental transfer from mother to fetus can suppress infant responses to vaccination.
For this Special Issue of Viruses, we invite original research articles and reviews focusing on pre-existing immunity from prior virus exposure, the role of cross-reactive immune responses on viral pathogenesis, and vaccine approaches that circumvent pre-existing immunity.
Dr. Elizabeth Anderson
Dr. Sigrid Gouma
Guest Editors
Manuscript Submission Information
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Keywords
- prior virus exposure
- viral vaccines
- original antigenic sin
- adaptive immunity
- repeat vaccination
- antibody-dependent enhancement
- influenza
- flaviviruses
- coronaviruses
- cross-reactive immune responses
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