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Water
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Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration
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Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Soil and Water".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2024 | Viewed by 3337

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ruiming Han

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
Interests: eutrophication; cyanobacterial blooms; ecological remediation; biogeochemistry; sediment; aquatic ecology
Dr. Xin Leng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
Interests: conservation biology; population ecology; community ecology; biodiversity; food web structure; Lake Taihu

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Access to safe and sufficient water directly affects our health and quality of life. Due to industrial pollution, agricultural pollution, urban drainage, etc., the freshwater ecosystem has been confronted with eutrophication, blackening, mal-odor, heavy metal pollution, and other issues, which have seriously affected the quality of the urban ecological environment and the living environment of residents. This Special Issue of Water focuses on the current state of research on water pollution control, especially regarding the ecological restoration of degraded lakes, rivers, ponds, lagoons, etc., for the sustainable management of both urban and rural waters.

Ecological restoration techniques for improving water quality involve a mixture of physical, chemical, and technological methods. These include dredging, flushing, aeration, adsorption, disinfection and phytoremediation, and microbial remediation. The proper assemblage of multiple techniques is of practical importance to ensure the success of restoration and to lead to long-term stability. Innovation in materials and equipment, the revealing of mechanisms and pathways, and the monitoring and evaluation of water and ecological parameters have brought about continuous developments and research hotspots for the ecological restoration of polluted water.

This Special Issue aims to gather high-quality papers with findings that emphasize different aspects of water pollution control and ecological restoration.

Prof. Dr. Ruiming Han
Dr. Xin Leng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2149 KiB  
Article
Effects of a Fishing Ban on the Ecosystem Stability and Water Quality of a Plateau Lake: A Case Study of Caohai Lake, China
by Tangwu Yang, Dianpeng Li, Qing Xu, Yijia Zhu, Zhengjie Zhu, Xin Leng, Dehua Zhao and Shuqing An
Water 2024, 16(5), 782; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050782 - 6 Mar 2024
Viewed by 814
Abstract
Long-term fishing bans have spurred extensive debate regarding their impacts on ecosystem structures, functions, and water qualities. However, data on the effects of specific changes induced by fishing bans on ecosystem structures, functions, and water qualities in lakes are still lacking. Therefore, the [...] Read more.
Long-term fishing bans have spurred extensive debate regarding their impacts on ecosystem structures, functions, and water qualities. However, data on the effects of specific changes induced by fishing bans on ecosystem structures, functions, and water qualities in lakes are still lacking. Therefore, the present study addresses this knowledge gap by employing an Ecopath model to assess alterations in an ecosystem’s structure and function before (2011) and after (2021) the implementation of the fishing ban in Caohai Lake and its association with changes in water quality. (1) We observed a substantial reduction in the area covered by submerged aquatic vegetation after the ban, amounting to a 65% decrease in coverage compared with that before the ban, and a 60% reduction in the total ecosystem’s biomass. (2) Following the ban, the number of fish species increased from 7 to 14, and this was accompanied by a rise in the fish biomass from 14.16 t·km−2 to 25.81 t·km−2; a 4.5-fold increase in the total system consumption was observed, signifying accelerated energy and material flows within the ecosystem. (3) The fishing ban exhibited no significant impact on the total nitrogen concentration; however, it significantly reduced the water’s transparency and increased the total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and chlorophyll contents (p < 0.05). This shift in nutrient dynamics fostered a transformation from a macrophyte-dominant lake to an alga-dominant lake. The fish abundance and diversity increase in closed-type macrophytic lakes, thereby accelerating energy and material flows within food webs. These findings present novel insights into the effective policy management of fishing bans within the Yangtze River Basin, thus enhancing our understanding of sustainable lake ecosystem management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration)
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13 pages, 1862 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Land Use and Biological Invasions on Ecological Service Values of Coastal Wetland Ecosystems: A Case Study in Jiangsu Province, China
by Yuhan Jiang, Yipeng Yao, Ghulam Mustafa, Xinxin Ren, Cheng Chen, Weize Wu, Jiayuan Liu and Yuhong Liu
Water 2024, 16(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010056 - 22 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 856
Abstract
Land use/land cover changes (LULCCs) and biological invasions significantly impact coastal wetlands (CWs) and their ecosystem services and functions. The exact impacts, however, are difficult to quantify and are often neglected in policymaking. The evaluation of ecological service value (ESV) is conducive to [...] Read more.
Land use/land cover changes (LULCCs) and biological invasions significantly impact coastal wetlands (CWs) and their ecosystem services and functions. The exact impacts, however, are difficult to quantify and are often neglected in policymaking. The evaluation of ecological service value (ESV) is conducive to clarifying the ecological and environmental changes caused by LULCCs and biological invasions. The objective of this study was to investigate their impact on CWs in Jiangsu Province, China, and provide useful information and advice for policymakers concerned with sustainable development. In this paper, basic data were obtained through geographic information system technology, and CW ecosystems’ services were calculated via the ESV coefficients per unit area of different wetland types. Accordingly, this study found the current land use methods responsible for significant ecosystem disruption and reductions in the area of natural vegetation. Currently, the area of natural vegetation only accounts for 43% of the total area recorded in 1987. In 2018, the total ESV of wetland vegetation (Spartina, Phragmites, and Suaeda) was estimated to be USD 14.10 million, while that of farmland was USD 8.58 million, and that of forests was USD 2.09 million. Natural vegetation only covered 9% of the total land area but produced 60% of the total ESV. Spartina alterniflora exhibited the highest ESV per unit area, with USD 1.35 million. However, the CWs of Jiangsu Province have recently shown a shift in vegetation composition due to the invasion of Spartina alterniflora. Currently, the dominant species in these CWs are Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis, while the local population of Suaeda salsa has significantly declined. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the preservation and restoration of wetland vegetation, control the invasive potential of Spartina alterniflora, and consider the implementation of suitable protective measures for native plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration)
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Review

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19 pages, 1796 KiB  
Review
Review of the Occurrence of Herbicides in Environmental Waters of Taihu Lake Basin and Its Potential Impact on Submerged Plants
by Yangyang Zhang, Min Hu and Aimin Li
Water 2024, 16(5), 726; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050726 - 29 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1086
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, a series of problems caused by eutrophication in Taihu Lake, and its surrounding environmental waters has received sustained and widespread attention. With the gradual extinction of submerged plants, which are the important basis for maintaining the aquatic ecological [...] Read more.
Over the past 20 years, a series of problems caused by eutrophication in Taihu Lake, and its surrounding environmental waters has received sustained and widespread attention. With the gradual extinction of submerged plants, which are the important basis for maintaining the aquatic ecological health of lakes, Taihu Lake has shifted from a grass-type clearwater lake to an algae-type turbid lake, posing severe challenges to the aquatic ecological health and security in this region. In addition, the occurrence of herbicides in the environmental waters of the Taihu Lake region has attracted the attention of several researchers. This study reviewed the evolution of submerged plants in Taihu Lake over recent decades. Moreover, the use of herbicides in the Taihu Lake region and their environmental occurrence in the past 20 years were statistically analyzed, and their toxic effects on submerged plants in previous reports summarized. Then, the potential impact of the environmental occurrence concentration of herbicides on submerged plants in the Taihu Lake region was evaluated. In conclusion, according to the results reported in the past paper, the environmental herbicide concentration in Taihu Lake has sometimes reached a level that can affect a variety of submerged plants, especially in the germination stage, which means that as an important cause of the degradation of submerged plants in shallow lakes, the effect of herbicides needs to be paid more attention to. The results of this review offer significant guidance for promoting science-based and standard use of herbicides and preventing their ecological risks in this region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration)
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