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Water
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Urban Water Management and Hydrological Process
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Urban Water Management and Hydrological Process

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Urban Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2024) | Viewed by 5780

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhiming Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China
Interests: urban hydrological simulation; climate change adaptability; rainfall pattern analysis; urban flood control; urban flood risk assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Xing Fang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Interests: water quality modeling in aquatic systems; lakes; water quality monitoring; climate change impacts; ecological modeling; fish habitat modeling; eutrophication; surface hydrology; hydrological modeling and analysis; stormwater management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are calling for papers centered around the theme “Urban Water Management and Hydrological Process”.

Rapid and often unregulated urbanization, coupled with the undeniable effects of climate change, has triggered pressing challenges related to urban water management. These include shifts in rainfall patterns, heightened flood risks, and increased vulnerability of urban ecosystems. As such, there is an urgent need to reorient our understanding of urban hydrological processes under these dual pressures and formulate effective adaptation strategies.

This paradigm shift, moving away from traditional reactive management, calls for a comprehensive understanding of the changes induced in urban hydrological processes by urbanization and climate change. It represents a compelling area of focus in contemporary urban water management research and practice worldwide. Thus, in this context, we propose this Special Issue to disseminate the latest insights, technologies, and case studies concerning this pivotal matter.

We welcome all manuscripts relevant to the theme. Topics of interest extend to, but are not limited to, the following: impacts of urbanization and climate change on urban hydrology, measures to enhance the resilience of urban water systems, approaches for integrating urban water management into urban planning, and case studies demonstrating successful adaptation strategies. Contributions could encompass innovative methods for monitoring and modeling urban hydrological responses, novel strategies for managing urban water systems under climate change, and field-based studies showcasing successful implementations.

We encourage both original research papers and critical reviews that contribute to this vital discourse.

Dr. Zhiming Zhang
Prof. Dr. Xing Fang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urban water management
  • hydrological process
  • flood risks
  • adaptation strategies
  • urban hydrology
  • resilience of urban water systems

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 5411 KiB  
Article
Towards an Understanding of Hydraulic Sensitivity: Graph Theory Contributions to Water Distribution Analysis
by Meriem Adraoui, El Bachir Diop, Seyid Abdellahi Ebnou Abdem, Rida Azmi and Jérôme Chenal
Water 2024, 16(5), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050646 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 961
Abstract
Water distribution systems (WDSs) are complex networks with numerous interconnected junctions and pipes. The robustness and reliability of these systems are critically dependent on their network structure, necessitating detailed analysis for proactive leak detection to maintain integrity and functionality. This study addresses gaps [...] Read more.
Water distribution systems (WDSs) are complex networks with numerous interconnected junctions and pipes. The robustness and reliability of these systems are critically dependent on their network structure, necessitating detailed analysis for proactive leak detection to maintain integrity and functionality. This study addresses gaps in traditional WDS analysis by integrating hydraulic measures with graph theory to improve sensitivity analysis for leak detection. Through case studies of five distinct WDSs, we investigate the relationship between hydraulic measures and graph theory metrics. Our findings demonstrate the collective impact of these factors on leak detection and system efficiency. The research provides enhanced insights into WDS operational dynamics and highlights the significant potential of graph theory to bolster network resilience and reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Water Management and Hydrological Process)
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19 pages, 865 KiB  
Article
Planning and Design Strategies for Green Stormwater Infrastructure from an Urban Design Perspective
by Jianxi Ou, Junqi Li, Xiaojing Li and Jianqin Zhang
Water 2024, 16(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010029 - 20 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1432
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of ecological civilization construction, prioritizing green stormwater infrastructure to address urban stormwater management issues has become an important strategy for ecological priority and green development in sustainable urban development. Green stormwater infrastructure, as a major facility in the construction [...] Read more.
With the rapid advancement of ecological civilization construction, prioritizing green stormwater infrastructure to address urban stormwater management issues has become an important strategy for ecological priority and green development in sustainable urban development. Green stormwater infrastructure, as a major facility in the construction of sponge cities, can reduce the generation and external discharge of runoff and play a purification role. However, there are various types of green stormwater infrastructure, each with different control effects and applicable conditions. Therefore, to facilitate the planning, design, acceptance, assessment, and monitoring evaluation of sponge city green stormwater infrastructure, this study proposes the “sponge equivalent” method. By comparing the control effects of different facilities with bioretention facilities, the method standardizes the effects, making them easier to understand and apply. Taking a typical area of Beijing and its urban roads as examples, the study analyzed and applied planning and design control strategies. The results show that for a residential area of 1 km2, to achieve the annual runoff total control rate target of 85%, the method of converting runoff volume control equivalents, using bioretention pools as a benchmark, allows for the calculation of various combinations of areas of different types of green stormwater infrastructure, such as sunken green spaces, permeable paving bricks, green roofs, and water storage tanks. This optimizes the planning index of Beijing, which mandates stormwater detention facilities for new projects with a hardened surface area of 2000 m2 or more. The sponge equivalent method can optimize the planning and design control strategy of green stormwater infrastructure, allowing for rapid assessment and application of the design scale of green stormwater infrastructure in areas during the planning and design stage, providing theoretical and technical support for ecological and green urban stormwater management. The application of this research method helps promote green development and ecological priority in urban sustainable development strategies, and the conclusions provide valuable references for decision-makers and practitioners in related fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Water Management and Hydrological Process)
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15 pages, 5942 KiB  
Article
Vulnerability Assessment and Future Prediction of Urban Waterlogging—A Case Study of Fuzhou
by Xuerao Wang, Zhiming Zhang, Wenhan Hu, Xin Zhao, Xiaotian Qi and Ran Cai
Water 2023, 15(22), 4025; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15224025 - 20 Nov 2023
Viewed by 992
Abstract
Evaluating waterlogging vulnerability and analyzing its characteristics and future trends can provide scientific support for urban disaster prevention and reduction. For this study, taking Fuzhou as an example, an urban waterlogging vulnerability assessment system was constructed from the three dimensions of exposure, sensitivity, [...] Read more.
Evaluating waterlogging vulnerability and analyzing its characteristics and future trends can provide scientific support for urban disaster prevention and reduction. For this study, taking Fuzhou as an example, an urban waterlogging vulnerability assessment system was constructed from the three dimensions of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The entropy method was used to evaluate urban waterlogging vulnerability in Fuzhou during 2014–2020. The use of CA–Markov to predict waterlogging vulnerability in 2023, 2026, and 2029 in Fuzhou is an important innovation reported in this paper. Study results showed that: (1) Vulnerability to waterlogging in Fuzhou follows a gradually decreasing “center-southeast” distribution pattern, with Level 5 areas mainly located in Cangshan District, Gulou District, and Taijiang District. (2) Changes in waterlogging vulnerability in Fuzhou from 2014 to 2020 can be divided into five change modes, with changing areas, mainly of the late-change type, accounting for 14.13% of the total area. (3) Prediction accuracy verification shows that the CA–Markov model is suitable for predicting waterlogging vulnerability in Fuzhou with high accuracy and a kappa coefficient of 0.9079. (4) From 2020 to 2029, the vulnerability level of the eastern coastal region of Fuzhou is expected to generally increase, and the vulnerability degree will continue to deteriorate. The proportion of Level 5 vulnerable areas will increase by 4.5%, and the growth rate will increase faster and faster with the passage of time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Water Management and Hydrological Process)
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13 pages, 3947 KiB  
Article
Effect of Fe2+ on ANAMMOX Granular Sludge Cultured in a Biased Acidic Influent and Dynamic Environment
by Kunming Fu, Yihao Bian, Shan Jiang, Sibo Fu, Jia Kang, Xiaodan Li, Zirui Li and Wenbing Yang
Water 2023, 15(21), 3762; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15213762 - 27 Oct 2023
Viewed by 954
Abstract
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was utilized in this study to enrich and cultivate anaerobic ammonia oxidation process (ANAMMOX) granular sludge by gradually decreasing its pH, and to investigate the effects of different concentrations of ferrous ions (Fe2+) on the [...] Read more.
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was utilized in this study to enrich and cultivate anaerobic ammonia oxidation process (ANAMMOX) granular sludge by gradually decreasing its pH, and to investigate the effects of different concentrations of ferrous ions (Fe2+) on the activity of ANAMMOX granular sludge cultivated under biased acidic conditions. The final nitrogen removal of ANAMMOX deteriorated at pH 6.30–6.50 after 220 days of continuous operation, but the nitrogen removal of ANAMMOX was favorable at pH 6.50–7.00. This indicates that a slightly acidic environment (pH = 6.50–7.00) promotes the activity of ANAMMOX, but the pH should not be too low (pH = 6.30–6.50). In the reactor, Candidatus Kuenenia was consistently the dominant ANAMMOX genus and its abundance declined from 11.70% on day 1 to 10.44% on day 220. As Fe2+ concentrations were increased (10, 20, 30 mg/L) in ANAMMOX granular sludge cultured in an acidic environment, the nitrogen removal effects gradually increased. In addition, with the increase in Fe2+ concentrations, the total nitrogen removal load (NRL) in the reactor was increased from 1.16 kg/(m3/d) to 1.42 kg/(m3/d). Increases in Fe2+ concentration did not result in inhibition of ANAMMOX, which may be attributed to the morphology of sludge and the shape of the reactor. As a result of the present study, new insights were gained into the physiological characteristics of ANAMMOX in an acidic environment over the long term, and how Fe2+ affects its ability to remove nitrogen from the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Water Management and Hydrological Process)
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16 pages, 3287 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Sensitivity Range of Underlying Surface Factors for Waterlogging Control
by Yang Liu, Xiaotian Qi, Yingxia Wei and Mingna Wang
Water 2023, 15(17), 3131; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173131 - 31 Aug 2023
Viewed by 768
Abstract
To mitigate the incidence of waterlogging to livelihoods and property security, a combination of management measures has been necessary to achieve optimal benefits, reducing the risk caused by waterlogging to the development of the urban ecology. Thus, this study aims to analyze the [...] Read more.
To mitigate the incidence of waterlogging to livelihoods and property security, a combination of management measures has been necessary to achieve optimal benefits, reducing the risk caused by waterlogging to the development of the urban ecology. Thus, this study aims to analyze the sensitivity and sensitivity range of management measures under different rainfall conditions, focusing on establishing a foundation for their combined implementation. Based on different rainfall scenarios, the modified Morris method is employed to assess the sensitivity of key factors and subsequently determine their respective sensitivity ranges. The findings reveal that the sensitivity rankings for total overflow volume and maximum pipe flow are as follows: pipe volume per hectare (PV-H), proportion of impervious area (P-Imperv), and slope. Additionally, analyzing the variation pattern of sensitivity with factors highlight the high sensitivity ranges. As for total overflow volume, a very high sensitivity is observed when the P-Imperv ranges from 36.8% to 82.7% (Niujiaolong community) and from 82.7% to 94.5% (Zhuyuan community). Similarly, when PV-H is less than 148 (Niujiaolong community) and 89.6 (Zhuyuan community), the sensitivity of PV-H to total overflow volume is very high. Nevertheless, the slope had a lower influence on the sensitivity in the study areas. These findings provide a complete analysis of the management measures sensitivity, which can be valuable for creating optimal urban waterlogging management systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Water Management and Hydrological Process)
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