Glacier Watershed Responses to Climate Change

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2020) | Viewed by 7500

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Environmental Science, Nichols College, 129 Center Road Dudley, MA 01571, USA
Interests: glaciers; global warming; cryosphere
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Glacier watersheds are sensitive to the input of glacier runoff melting fastest in the summer when precipitation is often lowest and water demand from society is largest. In glacier watersheds, glacier runoff is important for water resource, the specific cascade of impacts downstream which varies from ecologic to agricultural, hydropower production, aquatic life, and municipal water supply. The rapid decline of alpine glaciers is a consistent trend from mountain range to mountain range, emphasizing that though regional climate and glacier response differ, global changes are driving the response. The trend of glacier loss is expected to increase with continued anthropogenic warming leading to changes in the timing and magnitude of glacier runoff. The goal of this Special Issue is to examine the watershed responses to climate change. Papers are sought that identify the impacts for glacier watersheds, including changes in erosion rates, nutrient flux, aquatic life, local ecology, water runoff, and flood hazards on two time scales. The first is longer-term watershed change within glacier watersheds. The second is specific recent hydrologic event driven observations in glacier watersheds, including flooding, low flow, and water quality impacts. At the end of the Introduction section, we recommend a 300-word plain language story-based summary, without references.

Prof. Dr. Mauri Pelto
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • alpine glaciers
  • glacier runoff
  • watershed
  • climate change
  • hydrologic event
  • alpine aquatic ecology
  • alpine hydrology

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 4426 KiB  
Article
Linking the Recent Glacier Retreat and Depleting Streamflow Patterns with Land System Changes in Kashmir Himalaya, India
by Irfan Rashid, Ulfat Majeed, Sheikh Aneaus and Mauri Pelto
Water 2020, 12(4), 1168; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041168 - 19 Apr 2020
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 6717
Abstract
This study reports the changes in glacier extent and streamflow similar to many Himalayan studies, but takes the unusual step of also linking these to downstream land use changes in Kashmir Valley. This study assessed changes in the area, snout, and equilibrium line [...] Read more.
This study reports the changes in glacier extent and streamflow similar to many Himalayan studies, but takes the unusual step of also linking these to downstream land use changes in Kashmir Valley. This study assessed changes in the area, snout, and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of four parts of the Kolahoi Glacier using earth observation data from 1962 to 2018. Changes in the discharge of the two streams flowing out from Kolahoi Glacier into the Jhelum basin were also assessed between 1972 and 2018. Additionally, satellite data was used to track the downstream land system changes concerning agriculture, orchards, and built-up areas between 1980 and 2018. This analysis suggested a cumulative deglaciation of 23.6% at a rate of 0.42% per year from 1962 to 2018. The snout of two larger glaciers, G1 and G2, retreated at a rate of 18.3 m a−1 and 16.4 m a−1, respectively, from 1962 to 2018, although the rate of recession accelerated after 2000. Our analysis also suggested the upward shift of ELA by ≈120 m. The streamflows measured at five sites showed statistically significant depleting trends that have been a factor in forcing extensive land system changes downstream. Although the area under agriculture in Lidder watershed shrunk by 39%, there was a massive expansion of 176% and 476% in orchards and built-up areas, respectively, from 1980 to 2018. The conversion of irrigation-intensive agriculture lands (rice paddy) to less water-intensive orchards is attributed to economic considerations and depleting streamflow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glacier Watershed Responses to Climate Change)
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