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Advances in Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Treatment Technology 2.0

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A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 19437

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Changseok Han

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Guest Editor

Department of Environmental Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Korea
Interests: advanced oxidation processes; photocatalysis; toxins; contaminants of emerging concern; nutrients recovery; water treatment
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Dr. Daphne Hermosilla Redondo

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Guest Editor

Departmento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Forestal, Universidad de Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
Interests: water treatment; water management; advanced oxidation processes; photocatalysis; membranes; physico-chemical processes; biological treatment; clean technologies; energy and water use; sustainable production
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Dr. Hodon Ryu

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Guest Editor

United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
Interests: health-related water microbiology: Physical removal and inactivation of waterborne pathogens and rapid detection of infectious microorganisms; microbial ecology: Development of microbial source tracking markers and microbial community characterization; sustainable energy saving biological treatment processes: Microbial electrochemical (MEC) technologies
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Dr. Woo Hyoung Lee

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Guest Editor

Department of Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
Interests: smart water and wastewater treatment and management; water quality monitoring sensors; renewable energy production from waste
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Dr. Miguel Angel Mueses

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Guest Editor

University of Cartagena, Chemical Engineering Program, MAOx-Research Group, Zip Code 1382-Postal 195, Cartagena, Colombia.
Interests: photocatalysis and engineering of solar photoreactors; mathematical modeling of solar photocatalysis; advanced oxidation processes in environmental applications

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water quality monitoring, water contamination, and water treatment are topics of great importance nowadays, due to the presence of different organic/inorganic environmental contaminants such as naturally formed toxins, pesticides, personal care products, and heavy metals that cause adverse effects to the health of the environment, animals, and humans. Due to water scarcity, it is essential that resources for clean potable water are secured. In order to fulfill our role as environmental engineers in solving these problems, it is of great importance to compile the wealth of information from experts in the field of water quality monitoring and water treatment. Last year, we successfully closed the SI “Advances in Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Treatment Technology 1.0” with 17 papers, and we still eager to document more recent research data on technologies for monitoring, controlling, and removing pollutants in water and wastewater. As consequence, we are again collecting papers on the current water monitoring and treatment technologies.

Dr. Changseok Han
Dr. Daphne Hermosilla Redondo
Dr. Hodon Ryu
Dr. Woo Hyoung Lee
Dr. Miguel Angel Mueses
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

water and wastewater treatment
contaminants of emerging concern and priority pollutants
water quality monitoring

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 9741 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

UV/TiO₂ Photocatalysis as an Efficient Livestock Wastewater Quaternary Treatment for Antibiotics Removal

by Yeji Park, Sanghyeon Kim, Jungyeon Kim, Sanaullah Khan and Changseok Han

Water 2022, 14(6), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14060958 - 18 Mar 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3077

Abstract

Antibiotics are the most common pharmaceutical compounds, and they have been extensively used for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases for more than 50 years. However, merely a small fraction of antibiotics is metabolized in the body, while the rest is discharged into the environment through excretion, which can cause potential ecological problems and human health risks. In this study, the elimination of seventeen antibiotics from real livestock wastewater effluents was investigated by UV/TiO₂ advanced oxidation process. The effect of process parameters, such as TiO₂ loadings, solution pHs, and antibiotic concentrations, on the efficiency of the UV/TiO₂ process was assessed. The degradation efficiency was affected by the solution pH, and higher removal efficiency was observed at pH 5.8 and 9.9, while the catalyst loading had no significant effect on the degradation efficiency at these experimental conditions. UV photolysis showed a good removal efficiency of the antibiotics. However, the highest removal efficiency was shown by the UV/photocatalyst system due to their synergistic effects. The results showed that more than 90% of antibiotics were removed by UV/TiO₂ system during the 60 min illumination, while the corresponding TOC and COD removal was only 10 and 13%, respectively. The results of the current study indicated that UV/TiO₂ advanced oxidation process is a promising method for the elimination of various types of antibiotics from real livestock wastewater effluents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Treatment Technology 2.0)

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15 pages, 2116 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Bismuth-Chitosan Nanocomposite Sensors for Trace Level Detection of Ni(II) and Co(II) in Water Samples

by Mohsen Pilevar, Jae-Hoon Hwang, Jordan Stanberry, Vasileios Anagnostopoulos, Karin Chumbimuni-Torres and Woo Hyoung Lee

Water 2022, 14(3), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030302 - 20 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2362

Abstract

Trace minerals play an essential role in methane production via anaerobic digestion (AD). It is important to monitor Ni(II) and Co(II) concentrations and the Ni/Co concentration ratio for the rapid diagnosis of the ecological status or activity of methanogens in AD. Electrochemical detection of Ni(II) and Co(II) was investigated by coating the Bi-chitosan nanocomposite on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via the electrodeposition technique. A square-wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry technique (SWAdCSV) was applied and optimized when dimethylglyoxime (DMG) was used as the chelating agent for Ni(II) and Co(II) measurements. The SWAdCSV results showed that the current peaks for Co(II) detection are 6.1 times greater than the current peaks for Ni(II) measurements, probably due to the different affinity of DMG molecules between Ni(II) and Co(II). DMG molecules demonstrated higher selectivity toward Co(II) cations compared to Ni(II). The modified Bi-chitosan GCE developed in this study showed a relatively wide range of the Ni(II) and Co(II) concentrations (2–100 µg L⁻¹) with a limit of detection of 3.6 µg L⁻¹ for Ni(II) and 2.4 µg L⁻¹ for Co(II), respectively. The developed sensor was applied to Ni(II) and Co(II) spiked natural water samples and showed good performance of detection with 12 consecutive measurements. Overall, the fabricated sensor showed excellent sensitivity toward Ni(II) and Co(II) in natural water samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Treatment Technology 2.0)

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23 pages, 2944 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Sensitivity Analysis of the Catalytic Ozonation under Different Kinetic Modeling Approaches in the Diclofenac Degradation

by José Antonio Lara-Ramos, Miguel A. Figueroa Angulo, Fiderman Machuca-Martínez and Miguel A. Mueses

Water 2021, 13(21), 3003; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213003 - 26 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2100

Abstract

Optimization and sensitivity analysis of the kinetic parameters of the catalytic ozonation process is crucial to improve water treatment, reactor design, and construction. This study evaluated the optimization of the kinetic constants for Diclofenac (DCF) degradation during catalytic ozonation with Goethite (FeOOH, as a catalyst) through different kinetic modeling approaches. A central composite design was used to evaluate the effect of ozone dose and catalyst loading. The results showed that FeOOH did not significantly influence the degradation of DCF, while the reactivity of DCF with ozone was high (with >90% degradations in 20 min). However, the variation in catalyst loading significantly affected TOC removal (>10%) and ozone use, with ozone efficiency in ozone transfer (R_U) 5% higher than ozonation. After evaluating the different kinetic models of reaction speed by optimizing kinetic parameters and performing sensitivity analysis for the treatment of DCF by catalytic ozonation, it can be concluded that the addition of FeOOH improved the kinetics of the decomposition of ozone and the yield in the production of hydroxyl radicals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Treatment Technology 2.0)

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10 pages, 1480 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photocatalytic Treatment of Stained Wastewater Coming from Handicraft Factories. A Case Study at the Pilot Plant Level

by Julie Joseane Murcia Mesa, Jhon Sebastián Hernández Niño, Wilson González, Hugo Rojas, María Carmen Hidalgo and José Antonio Navío

Water 2021, 13(19), 2705; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192705 - 29 Sep 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2215

Abstract

UV/H₂O₂ process and TiO₂-based photocatalysis were studied in the present work. The effectiveness of these methods was tested in the treatment of effluents taken from handicraft factories. Microorganisms, dyes, and different organic pollutants were detected in the industrial effluents. The experimental procedure for the wastewater treatment was carried out in a patented sunlight reactor on a pilot plant scale. From this study, UV/H₂O₂ was found to be the best treatment for dye elimination. The optimal peroxide dosage for the degradation of dyes and the elimination of bacteria was 0.07 M. In this case, 70.80% of discoloration was achieved after 7 h of sunlight exposure, under an average sunlight intensity of 3.42 W/m². The photocatalytic treatment based on TiO₂ achieved the highest elimination of coliform bacteria and the lowest TOC value; however, the presence of this material in the reactor had a detrimental effect on the overall elimination of dyes. A combination of both UV/H₂O₂ and TiO₂ treatments significantly improves the dyes discoloration, the elimination of bacteria, and the organic compounds degradation. Some of the results of this study were presented at the 4th Congreso Colombiano de Procesos Avanzados de Oxidación, 4CCPAOx. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Treatment Technology 2.0)

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15 pages, 3911 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ZnO/Ag₃PO₄ and ZnO–Malachite as Effective Photocatalysts for the Removal of Enteropathogenic Bacteria, Dyestuffs, and Heavy Metals from Municipal and Industrial Wastewater

by Julie Joseane Murcia, Jhon Sebastián Hernández Niño, Hugo Rojas, María Helena Brijaldo, Andrés Noel Martín-Gómez, Pablo Sánchez-Cid, José Antonio Navío, María Carmen Hidalgo and César Jaramillo-Paez

Water 2021, 13(16), 2264; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162264 - 19 Aug 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2958

Abstract

Different composites based on ZnO/Ag₃PO₄ and ZnO–malachite (Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃) were synthesized in order to determine their effectiveness in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters (mainly polluted by enteropathogenic bacteria, dyes, and heavy metals). The addition of Ag₃PO₄ and malachite did not significantly modify the physicochemical properties of ZnO; however, the optical properties of this oxide were modified as a result of its coupling with the modifiers. The modification of ZnO led to an improvement in its effectiveness in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater. In general, the amount of malachite or silver phosphate and the effluent to be treated were the determining factors in the effectiveness of the wastewater treatment. The highest degree of elimination of bacteria from municipal wastewater and discoloration of textile staining wastewater were achieved by using ZnO/Ag₃PO₄ (5%), but an increase in the phosphate content had a detrimental effect on the treatment. Likewise, the highest Fe and Cu photoreduction from coal mining wastewater was observed by using ZnO–malachite (2.5%) and ZnO/Ag₃PO₄ (10%), respectively. Some of the results of this work were presented at the fourth Congreso Colombiano de Procesos Avanzados de Oxidación (4CCPAOx). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Treatment Technology 2.0)

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17 pages, 2203 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Use of CdS from Teaching-Laboratory Wastes as a Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Water

by Efraím A. Serna-Galvis, Yenny Ávila-Torres, María Ibáñez, Félix Hernández and Ricardo A. Torres-Palma

Water 2021, 13(16), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162154 - 05 Aug 2021

Viewed by 2175

Abstract

Laboratory wastes containing Cd²⁺ and water polluted by pharmaceuticals represent an environmental concern. In this work, a proof concept, consisting of the use of teaching-laboratory wastes to synthesize CdS and its subsequent use as a photocatalyst to degrade fluoroquinolone antibiotics, was developed. The CdS was prepared by extraction with thioacetamide and calcination (at 450 °C) and characterized using several techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the CdS, to degrade levofloxacin and norfloxacin, was tested, and the routes involved in the process and the primary transformations of the fluoroquinolones were established. Moreover, the ability of CdS-photocatalysis to eliminate levofloxacin in simulated matrices of fresh urine and hospital wastewater was evaluated. The characterization analyses indicated that the CdS semiconductor was synthesized successfully. Effectively, the CdS acted as a photocatalyst toward degradation of levofloxacin, involving the action of superoxide anion radical, holes, and singlet oxygen mainly. The process induced transformations on the methyl-piperazyl moiety, plus hydroxylation of the fluoroquinolone nucleus on levofloxacin. Additionally, CdS-photocatalysis was highly selective for the elimination of the target pollutant in both tested matrices. Our research indicated the good potentiality of recycling teaching-laboratory wastes to generate photocatalysts to degrade organic pollutants. This work was presented at 4° Congreso Colombiano de Procesos Avanzados de Oxidación (4CCPAOx). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Treatment Technology 2.0)

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23 pages, 3720 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanistic Model and Optimization of the Diclofenac Degradation Kinetic for Ozonation Processes Intensification

by Bryan Acosta-Angulo, Jose Lara-Ramos, Jennyfer Diaz-Angulo, Miguel Angel Mueses and Fiderman Machuca-Martínez

Water 2021, 13(12), 1670; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121670 - 15 Jun 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2831

Abstract

This work focused on estimating the rate constants for three ozone-based processes applied in the degradation of diclofenac. The ozonation (Oz) and its intensification with catalysis (COz) and photocatalysis (PCOz) were studied. Three mathematical models were evaluated with a genetic algorithm (GA) to find the optimal values for the kinetics constants. The Theil inequality coefficient (TIC) worked as a criterion to assess the models’ deviation. The diclofenac consumption followed a slow kinetic regime according to the Hatta number (

H a < 0.3

). However, it strongly contrasted with earlier studies. The obtained values for the volumetric rate of photon absorption (VRPA) corresponding to the PCOz process (

1.75 \times 10^{- 6}

6.54 \times 10^{- 7} E i n s t e i n L^{- 1} m i n^{- 1}

) were significantly distant from the maximum (

2.59 \times 10^{- 5} E i n s t e i n L^{- 1} m i n^{- 1}

). The computed profiles of chemical species proved that no significant amount of hydroxyl radicals was produced in the Oz, whereas the PCOz achieved the highest production rate. According to this, titanium dioxide significantly contributed to ozone decomposition, especially at low ozone doses. Although the models’ prediction described a good agreement with the experimental data (

T I C < 0.3

), the optimization algorithm was likely to have masked the rate constants as they had highly deviated from already reported values. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Treatment Technology 2.0)

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