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Nitrates Pollution in Water: Sources, Pathways and Receptors
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Nitrates Pollution in Water: Sources, Pathways and Receptors

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 7640

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Fernando António Leal Pacheco

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Guest Editor
DG-CQVR-UTAD – Department of Geology, Chemistry Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Interests: groundwater management; groundwater contamination risk; water–rock interactions; groundwater flow modeling; groundwater–surface water interactions; land degradation and surface water quality; spatial decision support systems in public water supply planning; conjunctive use of water resources; water security
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes

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Guest Editor
CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Interests: flood-detention basins; rainwater harvesting for drought effects attenuation; hydrologic modeling at the catchment scale; water resources management; quality data; integrated monitoring of climate and environmental impacts; sustainability in agri-food and forestry ecosystems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Groundwater contamination by nitrate is a widespread problem all over the world. Aquifer pollution causes public health problems and environmental degradation of ecosystems. All these negative effects can be minimized with an integrated groundwater management and a good governance to mitigate the risks of nitrate contamination. In order to ensure sustainable use and protection of groundwater aquifers, water resources specialists and decision makers need information on the scope, distribution, and severity of aquifer nitrate contamination. In other words, the identification of nitrate sources, early diagnosis of possible changes, and knowledge for selecting effective remediation strategies are essential.

In compliance with these requirements, the contributors of this Special Issue are invited to submit papers focusing on the presentation of models and applications following the concept of “pressure–pathway–receptor”, whereby the information on point and nonpoint sources of water pollution (fertilizer, livestock manure, septic tanks, municipal and industrial effluents) is combined with aquifer vulnerability parameters (depth of water table, recharge, aquifer material, soil type, topography, and hydraulic conductivity, among others) and eventually with biogeochemical models, to explain nutrient yields arriving at the receptor (groundwater).

We believe that this Special Issue will help to bring to the attention of land use planners, water resources managers, and the general public that conservation of groundwater resources begins with a reliable land use and implementation of conservation measures, and that deviation from this practice inevitably leads groundwater resources to danger and ultimately to collapse as a service provider.

Prof. Dr. Fernando A.L. Pacheco
Prof. Dr. Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nitrate pollution in groundwater
  • Aquifer vulnerability
  • Point and nonpoint pollution sources
  • Sustainable development goals
  • Land use
  • Land capability
  • Conservation measures
  • Mitigation
  • Remediation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 4791 KiB  
Article
Hydrogeochemical Evolution of an Aquifer Regulated by Pyrite Oxidation and Organic Sediments
by Eugenio Sanz, Catalina Bezares, Carlos Pascual, Ignacio Menéndez Pidal and Cristina Fonolla
Water 2021, 13(17), 2444; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172444 - 06 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2278
Abstract
Detailed full-scale groundwater monitoring was carried out over a period of nine years, sampling at selected points along the groundwater flow direction in its final stretch. This established the hydrogeochemical evolution along the flow of a natural system formed by a calcareous aquifer [...] Read more.
Detailed full-scale groundwater monitoring was carried out over a period of nine years, sampling at selected points along the groundwater flow direction in its final stretch. This established the hydrogeochemical evolution along the flow of a natural system formed by a calcareous aquifer which discharges and then passes through a quaternary aquifer of lake origin which is rich in organic matter. This evolution is highly conditioned by the oxidation of pyrites that are abundant in both aquifers. In the first aquifer, one kilometre before the discharge location, oxidizing groundwater crosses a pyrite mineralization zone whose oxidation produces an important increase in sulphates and water denitrification over a short period of time. In the quaternary aquifer with peat sediments and pyrites, water experiences, over a small 500 m passage and residence time of between three and nine years, a complete reduction by way of pyrite oxidation, and a consequent increase in sulphates and the generation of hydrogen sulphuric acid. This is an example of an exceptional natural hydrogeological environment which provides guidance on hydrogeochemical processes such as denitrification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrates Pollution in Water: Sources, Pathways and Receptors)
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19 pages, 5231 KiB  
Article
Application of Integrated Watershed Management Measures to Minimize the Land Use Change Impacts
by Fatemeh Rajaei, Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz, Ebrahim Ahmadisharaf, Saman Galalizadeh, Branislav Dudic, Velibor Spalevic and Rajko Novicevic
Water 2021, 13(15), 2039; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13152039 - 26 Jul 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4231
Abstract
Non-point source pollution is a major factor in excessive nutrient pollution that can result in the eutrophication. Land use/land cover (LULC) change, as a result of urbanization and agricultural intensification (e.g., increase in the consumption of fertilizers), can intensify this pollution. An informed [...] Read more.
Non-point source pollution is a major factor in excessive nutrient pollution that can result in the eutrophication. Land use/land cover (LULC) change, as a result of urbanization and agricultural intensification (e.g., increase in the consumption of fertilizers), can intensify this pollution. An informed LULC planning needs to consider the negative impacts of such anthropogenic activities to minimize the impact on water resources. The objective of this study was to inform future land use planning by considering nutrient reduction goals. We modeled the LULC dynamics and determined the capacity for future agricultural development by considering its impacts on nitrate runoff at a watershed scale in the Tajan River Watershed in northeastern Iran. We used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate the in-stream nitrate concentration on a monthly timescale in this watershed. Historical LULCs (years 1984, 2001 and 2010) were derived via remote sensing and were applied within the Land Change Modeler to project future LULC in 2040 under a business-as-usual scenario. To reduce nitrate pollution in the watershed and ecological protection, a conservation scenario was developed using a multi-criteria evaluation method. The results indicated that the implementation of the conservation scenario can substantially reduce the nitrate runoff (up to 72%) compared to the business-as-usual scenario. These results can potentially inform regional policy makers in strategic LULC planning and minimizing the impact of nitrate pollution on watersheds. The proposed approach can be used in other watersheds for informed land use planning by considering nutrient reduction goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrates Pollution in Water: Sources, Pathways and Receptors)
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