Entropy, Volume 20, Issue 5

Malware allegedly developed by nation-states, also known as advanced persistent threats (APT), are becoming more common. The task of attributing an APT to a specific nation-state or classifying it to the correct APT family is challenging for several...

The fact that real dissipative (entropy producing) processes may be detected by non-comoving observers (tilted), in systems that appear to be isentropic for comoving observers, in general relativity, is explained in terms of the information theory, a...

Existing research has revealed that auditory attention can be tracked from ongoing electroencephalography (EEG) signals. The aim of this novel study was to investigate the identification of peoples’ attention to a specific auditory object from...

Compared with the strong background noise, the energy entropy of early fault signals of bearings are weak under actual working conditions. Therefore, extracting the bearings’ early fault features has always been a major difficulty in fault diag...

Kurtogram can adaptively select the resonant frequency band, and then the characteristic fault frequency can be obtained by analyzing the selected band. However, the kurtogram is easily affected by random impulses and noise. In recent years, improvem...

This study introduced entropy measures to analyze the heart sound signals of people with and without pulmonary hypertension (PH). The lead II Electrocardiography (ECG) signal and heart sound signal were simultaneously collected from 104 subjects aged...

This paper deals with a numerical simulation of fractional conformable attractors of type Rabinovich–Fabrikant, Thomas’ cyclically symmetric attractor and Newton–Leipnik. Fractional conformable and $\beta$ -conformable derivative...

Given the increasing size and complexity of datasets needed to train machine learning algorithms, it is necessary to reduce the number of features required to achieve high classification accuracy. This paper presents a novel and efficient approach ba...

This paper is focused on f-divergences, consisting of three main contributions. The first one introduces integral representations of a general f-divergence by means of the relative information spectrum. The second part provides a new approach for the...

Living organisms have developed and optimized ingenious defense strategies based on positional entropy. One of the most significant examples in this respect is known as protean behavior, where a prey animal under threat performs unpredictable zig-zag...

Training deep learning networks is a difficult task due to computational complexity, and this is traditionally handled by simplifying network topology to enable parallel computation on graphical processing units (GPUs). However, the emergence of quan...

The paper argues that far from challenging—or even refuting—Bohm’s quantum theory, the no-hidden-variables theorems in fact support the Bohmian ontology for quantum mechanics. The reason is that (i) all measurements come down to pos...

In the inference attacks studied in Quantitative Information Flow (QIF), the attacker typically tries to interfere with the system in the attempt to increase its leakage of secret information. The defender, on the other hand, typically tries to decre...

This work displays a numerical and experimental investigation on the flow and heat transfer in tree-like branching microchannels and studies the effects of dimples on the heat transfer enhancement. The numerical approach is certified by a smooth bran...

This paper offers sufficient conditions for the Miller–Madow estimator and the jackknife estimator of entropy to have respective asymptotic normalities on countably infinite alphabets.

The current era demands high quality software in a limited time period to achieve new goals and heights. To meet user requirements, the source codes undergo frequent modifications which can generate the bad smells in software that deteriorate the qua...

The topic of big data has attracted increasing interest in recent years. The emergence of big data leads to new difficulties in terms of protection models used for data privacy, which is of necessity for sharing and processing data. Protecting indivi...

For portfolios with a large number of assets, the single index model allows for expressing the large number of covariances between individual asset returns through a significantly smaller number of parameters. This avoids the constraint of having ver...

Large-eddy simulations of turbulent channel flow subjected to a step-like acceleration have been performed to investigate the effect of high Reynolds number ratios on the transient behaviour of turbulence. It is shown that the response of the flow ex...

Introduction: The variability and complexity of handgrip forces in various modulations were investigated to identify post-stroke changes in force modulation, and extend our understanding of stroke-induced deficits. Methods: Eleven post-stroke subject...

This paper considers a stochastic susceptible exposed infectious recovered (SEIR) epidemic model with varying population size and vaccination. We aim to study the global dynamics of the reduced nonlinear stochastic proportional differential system. W...

Agents in financial networks can simultaneously be both creditors and debtors, creating the possibility that a default may cause a subsequent default cascade. Resolution of unpayable debts in these situations will have a distributional impact. Using...

Viewpoint selection has been an emerging area in computer graphics for some years, and it is now getting maturity with applications in fields such as scene navigation, scientific visualization, object recognition, mesh simplification, and camera plac...

Information is a physical entity amenable to be described by an abstract theory. The concepts associated with the creation and post-processing of the information have not, however, been mathematically established, despite being broadly used in many f...

Vibrations of defective gearboxes show great complexities. Therefore, dynamics and noise levels of vibrations of gearboxes vary with operation of gearboxes. As a result, nonlinearity and determinism of data can serve to describe running conditions of...

The aim of this study was to describe a novel extended dynamical love model with the external environments of the love story of Romeo and Juliet. We used the sinusoidal function as external environments as it could represent the positive and negative...

We studied the non-equilibrium current, transport coefficients and thermoelectric performance of a nano-junction, composed by a quantum dot connected to a normal superconductor and a topological superconductor leads, respectively. We considered a one...

There has been a recent revival of interest in the notion of a ‘trajectory’ of a quantum particle. In this paper, we detail the relationship between Dirac’s ideas, Feynman paths and the Bohm approach. The key to the relationship is the weak value of...

In weighted networks, both link weight and topological structure are significant characteristics for link prediction. In this study, a general framework combining null models is proposed to quantify the impact of the topology, weight correlation and...

The variation of the liquid properties in the vicinity of a solid surface complicates the description of heat transfer along solid–liquid interfaces. Using Molecular Dynamics simulations, this investigation aims to understand how the material propert...

As a nonlinear dynamic method for complexity measurement of time series, multiscale entropy (MSE) has been successfully applied to fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. However, the MSE algorithm is sensitive to the predetermined parameters and depend...

In order to remove noise and preserve the important features of a signal, a hybrid de-noising algorithm based on Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), Permutation Entropy (PE), and Time-Frequency Peak Filtering...

To quantitatively evaluate and diagnose the carrying capacity of regional water resources under uncertain conditions, an index system and corresponding grade criteria were constructed from the perspective of carrying subsystem. Meanwhile, an improved...

A finite non-classical framework for qubit physics is described that challenges the conclusion that the Bell Inequality has been shown to have been violated experimentally, even approximately. This framework postulates the primacy of a fractal-like ‘...

Entropy is one of many important mathematical tools for measuring uncertain/fuzzy information. As a subclass of neutrosophic sets (NSs), simplified NSs (including single-valued and interval-valued NSs) can describe incomplete, indeterminate, and inco...

Dividing the world into subsystems is an important component of the scientific method. The choice of subsystems, however, is not defined a priori. Typically, it is dictated by experimental capabilities, which may be different for different agents. He...

We address the generalized uncertainty principle in scenarios of successive measurements. Uncertainties are characterized by means of generalized entropies of both the Rényi and Tsallis types. Here, specific features of measurements of observa...

In this study, new high-entropy alloys (HEAs), which contain lightweight elements, namely Al and Ti, have been designed for intermediate temperature applications. Cr, Mo, and V were selected as the elements for the Al-Ti-containing HEAs by elemental...

In his famous thought experiment, Wigner assigns an entangled state to the composite quantum system made up of Wigner’s friend and her observed system. While the two of them have different accounts of the process, each Wigner and his friend can...

Entropy generation in thermal convection with differentially discrete heat boundary conditions at various Rayleigh numbers (Ra) are numerically investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method. We mainly focused on the effects of Ra and discrete heat...

We consider the rate distortion problem with side information at the decoder posed and investigated by Wyner and Ziv. Using side information and encoded original data, the decoder must reconstruct the original data with an arbitrary prescribed distor...

The claim of Kocsis et al. to have experimentally determined “photon trajectories” calls for a re-examination of the meaning of “quantum trajectories”. We will review the arguments that have been assumed to have established that a trajectory has no m...

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Nowadays robots have been commonly adopted in various manufacturing industries to improve product quality and productivity. The selection of the best robot to suit a specific production setting is a difficult decision making task for manufacturers be...

With the rapid development of the steel and iron industry, ultra-low-grade iron ore has been developed extensively since the beginning of this century in China. Due to the high concentration ratio of the iron ore, a large amount of tailings was produ...

The time-fractional diffusion equation with mass absorption is studied in a half-line domain under the Dirichlet boundary condition varying harmonically in time. The Caputo derivative is employed. The solution is obtained using the Laplace transform...

Entropy and relative entropy measures play a crucial role in mathematical information theory. The relative entropies are also widely used in statistics under the name of divergence measures which link these two fields of science through the minimum d...

Kidney image enhancement is challenging due to the unpredictable quality of MRI images, as well as the nature of kidney diseases. The focus of this work is on kidney images enhancement by proposing a new Local Fractional Entropy (LFE)-based model. Th...

Vector of locally aggregated descriptor (VLAD) coding has become an efficient feature coding model for retrieval and classification. In some recent works, the VLAD coding method is extended to a deep feature coding model which is called NetVLAD. NetV...

In this paper, the agent-based simulation model of sexual selection and pair formation mechanisms is proposed. Sexual selection is a mechanism that occurs when the numbers of individuals of both sexes are almost identical, while reproduction costs fo...