Spondias sp: Shedding Light on Its Vast Pharmaceutical Potential
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Socioeconomic Importance
4. Bioactive Compounds
5. Pharmacological Activity
5.1. S. mombin L.
Species | Activity | Part of the Plant Evaluated | References |
---|---|---|---|
Spondias mombin L. | Antibacterial | Bark | [13] |
Plant | [14] | ||
Root, leaf, and stem bark | [15] | ||
Antidepressant | Leaf | [42] | |
Anti-inflammatory | Leaf | [40,44] | |
Antifungal | Root, leaf, and stem bark | [15] | |
Antioxidant | Leaf | [37,40] | |
Crude fruit juice | [38] | ||
Antiviral | Leaf and branches | [35] | |
Anxiolytic | Leaf | [45] | |
Molluscicidal | Leaf | [46] | |
Sedative, anti-epileptic, and antipsychotic | Leaf | [41] |
5.2. S. dulcis or S. cytherea Parkinson
Species | Activity | Part of the Plant Evaluated | References |
---|---|---|---|
Spondias dulcis or Spondias cytherea Parkinson | Anticancer | Fruit | [53] |
Antimicrobial | Fruit | [49] | |
Leaf | [49,54] | ||
Peel | [55] | ||
Antimutagenic and antigenotoxic | Stem bark | [56] | |
Antioxidant | Fruit | [49,52] | |
Leaf | [26,49,51,57] | ||
Stem bark | [26,56] | ||
Enzymatic inhibition | Fruit | [52] | |
Leaf | [26,51] | ||
Pomace | [58] | ||
Stem bark | [26] | ||
Immunomodulation | Pulp | [59] | |
Thrombolytic | Fruit | [49] | |
Leaf | [49] |
5.3. S. purpurea L.
Species | Activity | Part of the Plant Evaluated | References |
---|---|---|---|
Spondias purpurea L. | Antidiabetic | Seed | [67] |
Antihyperlipidemic | Seed | [67] | |
Antimicrobial | Leaf | [68] | |
Antioxidant | Fruit | [69] | |
Leaf | [65] | ||
Peel | [62,63] | ||
Pomace | [70] | ||
Pulp | [63,71,72] | ||
Anti-ulcer | Leaf | [61,73] | |
Photoprotective | Peel | [65] |
5.4. S. tuberosa Arr. Câmara
5.5. S. pinnata
Species | Activity | Part of the Plant Evaluated | References |
---|---|---|---|
Spondias pinnata | Anti-inflammatory | Bark | [90] |
Antioxidant | Bark | [91] | |
Antimicrobial | Resin | [92] | |
Cellular immunity and phagocytosis | Leaf | [93] | |
Hepatoprotective | Bark | [91] |
5.6. S. mombin × S. tuberosa
Species | Activity | Part of the Plant Evaluated | References |
---|---|---|---|
Spondia tuberosa Arruda × Spondia mombin | Anti-acetylcholinesterase | Pulp | [83] |
Antibacterial | Leaf | [37] | |
Antidiabetic | Pulp | [81] | |
Bark | [80] | ||
Antifungal | Leaf | [9] | |
Antioxidant | Pulp | [71,78,79] | |
Cytotoxic | Bark | [94] | |
Seed | [95] | ||
Peel, pulp, and seeds | [77] | ||
Gastroprotective | Leaf | [84] |
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Santos, É.M.d.; Ataide, J.A.; Coco, J.C.; Fava, A.L.M.; Silvério, L.A.L.; Sueiro, A.C.; Silva, J.R.A.; Lopes, A.M.; Paiva-Santos, A.C.; Mazzola, P.G. Spondias sp: Shedding Light on Its Vast Pharmaceutical Potential. Molecules 2023, 28, 1862. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041862
Santos ÉMd, Ataide JA, Coco JC, Fava ALM, Silvério LAL, Sueiro AC, Silva JRA, Lopes AM, Paiva-Santos AC, Mazzola PG. Spondias sp: Shedding Light on Its Vast Pharmaceutical Potential. Molecules. 2023; 28(4):1862. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041862
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantos, Érica Mendes dos, Janaína Artem Ataide, Julia Cedran Coco, Ana Laura Masquetti Fava, Luiza Aparecida Luna Silvério, Ana Claudia Sueiro, Jéssica Ribeiro Alves Silva, André Moreni Lopes, Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos, and Priscila Gava Mazzola. 2023. "Spondias sp: Shedding Light on Its Vast Pharmaceutical Potential" Molecules 28, no. 4: 1862. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041862