The Balloon-Based Manometry Evaluation of Swallowing in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Analysis of Results Obtained in Patients with ALS
2.2. Evaluation of Progression of Swallowing Disturbances among Patients with ALS
2.3. Dry Swallowing
2.4. Wet Swallowing
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Subjects
4.2. Methods
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Patients with ALS | Controls (n = 30) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Examination (n = 17) | 2nd Examination (n = 11) | 3rd Examination (n = 7) | |||
Base of tongue contraction (mm Hg) | 100.56 ± 27.07 | 98.95 ± 18.73 | 81.86 ± 12.58 | 161.04 ± 23.65 | <0.001 a |
(43.16–176.04) | (83.56–151.54) | (57.48–96.66) | (130.08–198.58) | ||
Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure (mm Hg) | 55.48 ± 4.87 | 54.81 ± 6.05 | 61.76 ± 9.71 | 56.09 ± 4.33 | <0.001 a |
(43.78–64.58) | (56.18–64.86) | (45.64–71.78) | (51.28–68.82) | ||
Hypopharyngeal suction pump (mm Hg × s) | 2.24 ± 1.22 | 1.69 ± 0.95 | 1.49 ± 0.90 | 3.39 ± 0.87 | NS b |
(0.49–4.28) | (0.42–3.48) | (0.39–3.20) | (2.34–5.92) | 0.011 c | |
Average pharyngeal bolus velocity (cm/s) | 4.74 ± 1.17 | 3.96 ± 0.91 | 3.46 ± 1.13 | 7.57 ± 1.65 | <0.001 a |
(2.78–7.33) | (2.57–5.78) | (2.35–5.38) | (5.96–11.16) | ||
Oropharyngeal transit time (s) | 0.95 ± 0.24 | 1.29 ± 0.44 | 1.41 ± 0.44 | 0.60 ± 0.13 | <0.001 a |
(0.61–1.64) | (0.95–2.44) | (0.88–1.98) | (0.36–0.75) | ||
Hypopharyngeal transit time (s) | 1.35 ± 0.41 | 1.85 ± 1.17 | 1.85 ± 0.46 | 0.78 ± 0.16 | <0.001 a |
(0.76–2.06) | (0.91–5.15) | (1.16–2.36) | (0.54–1.04) |
Variable | Patients with ALS | Controls (n = 30) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Examination (n = 17) | 2nd Examination (n = 11) | 3rd Examination (n = 7) | |||
Base of tongue contraction (mm Hg) | 99.33 ± 18.54 | 91.37 ± 13.34 | 81.51 ± 13.76 | 134.25 ± 17.76 | <0.001 a |
(75.02–149.38) | (75.86–117.96) | (62.42–106.96) | (107.20–177.14) | ||
Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure (mm Hg) | 52.65 ± 6.21 | 54.90 ± 5.70 | 52.65 ± 8.72 | 55.31 ± 4.45 | 0.048 b |
(39.63–62.12) | (45.12–61.72) | (49.02–71.88) | (49.92–63.80) | NS c | |
0.001 d | |||||
Hypopharyngeal suction pump (mm Hg × s) | 1.27 ± 0.74 | 0.87 ± 0.50 | 0.76 ± 0.48 | 2.15 ± 0.57 | <0.001 a |
(0.40–3.22) | (0.23–1.72) | (0.28–1.72) | (1.40–3.30) | ||
Average pharyngeal bolus velocity (cm/s) | 5.00 ± 0.84 | 4.03 ± 0.71 | 3.77 ± 1.01 | 7.46 ± 1.93 | <0.001 a |
(3.49–6.43) | (3.10–5.15) | (2.34–5.42) | (5.17–11.17) | ||
Oropharyngeal transit time (s) | 0.97 ± 0.22 | 1.08 ± 0.17 | 1.04 ± 0.26 | 0.62 ± 0.14 | <0.001 a |
(0.71–1.59) | (0.87–1.43) | (0.74–1.55) | (0.32–0.77) | ||
Hypopharyngeal transit time (s) | 1.41 ± 0.39 | 1.53 ± 0.27 | 1.66 ± 0.38 | 0.81 ± 0.18 | <0.001 a |
(0.81–2.12) | (1.11–1.87) | (1.20–2.41) | (0.50–1.22) |
Variable | Examinations Compared | n | Mean | SD | Absolute Difference | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BTC | I | 11 | 101.55 | 11.59 | −2.61 | NS |
II | 98.95 | 18.73 | ||||
I | 7 | 103.21 | 12.85 | −21.35 | 0.007 | |
III | 81.86 | 12.58 | ||||
II | 7 | 103.14 | 22.94 | −21.28 | 0.026 | |
III | 81.86 | 12.58 | ||||
UESP | I | 11 | 56.12 | 5.73 | −1.31 | NS |
II | 54.81 | 6.05 | ||||
I | 7 | 56.43 | 6.72 | +5.33 | 0.005 | |
III | 61.76 | 9.71 | ||||
II | 7 | 55.94 | 7.09 | +5.82 | 0.005 | |
III | 61.76 | 9.71 | ||||
HSP | I | 11 | 2.28 | 1.14 | −0.59 | 0.050 |
II | 1.69 | 0.95 | ||||
I | 7 | 2.39 | 1.12 | −0.90 | NS | |
III | 1.49 | 0.90 | ||||
II | 7 | 1.75 | 0.98 | −0.26 | 0.006 | |
III | 1.49 | 0.90 | ||||
APBV | I | 11 | 4.21 | 0.80 | −0.26 | 0.036 |
II | 3.96 | 0.91 | ||||
I | 7 | 4.23 | 0.93 | −0.77 | 0.006 | |
III | 3.46 | 1.13 | ||||
II | 7 | 3.92 | 1.10 | −0.46 | 0.001 | |
III | 3.46 | 1.13 | ||||
OTT | I | 11 | 1.03 | 0.24 | +0.26 | 0.045 |
II | 1.29 | 0.44 | ||||
I | 7 | 1.04 | 0.27 | +0.37 | 0.013 | |
III | 1.41 | 0.44 | ||||
II | 7 | 1.39 | 0.53 | +0.02 | NS | |
III | 1.41 | 0.44 | ||||
HTT | I | 11 | 1.52 | 0.37 | +0.33 | NS |
II | 1.85 | 1.17 | ||||
I | 7 | 1.53 | 0.41 | +0.32 | 0.002 | |
III | 1.85 | 0.46 | ||||
II | 7 | 2.08 | 1.43 | −0.23 | NS | |
III | 1.85 | 0.46 |
Variable | Examinations Compared | n | Mean | SD | Absolute Difference | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BTC | I | 11 | 100.98 | 12.84 | −9.61 | 0.004 |
II | 91.37 | 13.34 | ||||
I | 7 | 104.77 | 13.41 | −23.25 | 0.001 | |
III | 81.51 | 13.76 | ||||
II | 7 | 91.89 | 14.84 | −10.38 | 0.041 | |
III | 81.51 | 13.76 | ||||
UESP | I | 11 | 53.63 | 5.80 | +1.27 | NS |
II | 54.90 | 5.70 | ||||
I | 7 | 54.23 | 6.09 | +8.42 | 0.004 | |
III | 62.65 | 8.72 | ||||
II | 7 | 55.95 | 4.97 | +6.69 | 0.009 | |
III | 62.65 | 8.72 | ||||
HSP | I | 11 | 1.20 | 0.83 | −0.33 | NS |
II | 0.87 | 0.50 | ||||
I | 7 | 1.49 | 0.89 | −0.73 | 0.050 | |
III | 0.76 | 0.48 | ||||
II | 7 | 0.95 | 0.49 | −0.18 | NS | |
III | 0.76 | 0.48 | ||||
APBV | I | 11 | 4.91 | 0.89 | −0.89 | <0.001 |
II | 4.03 | 0.71 | ||||
I | 7 | 4.94 | 1.02 | −1.17 | 0.007 | |
III | 3.77 | 1.01 | ||||
II | 7 | 4.01 | 0.77 | −0.24 | NS | |
III | 3.77 | 1.01 | ||||
OTT | I | 11 | 1.02 | 0.21 | +0.05 | NS |
II | 1.08 | 0.17 | ||||
I | 7 | 1.05 | 0.26 | −0.01 | NS | |
III | 1.04 | 0.26 | ||||
II | 7 | 1.11 | 0.19 | −0.06 | NS | |
III | 1.04 | 0.26 | ||||
HTT | I | 11 | 1.54 | 0.39 | −0.01 | NS |
II | 1.53 | 0.27 | ||||
I | 7 | 1.55 | 0.41 | +0.11 | NS | |
III | 1.66 | 0.38 | ||||
II | 7 | 1.52 | 0.31 | +0.14 | NS | |
III | 1.66 | 0.38 |
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Tomik, J.; Tomik, B.; Gajec, S.; Ceranowicz, P.; Pihut, M.; Olszanecki, R.; Stręk, P.; Składzień, J. The Balloon-Based Manometry Evaluation of Swallowing in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040707
Tomik J, Tomik B, Gajec S, Ceranowicz P, Pihut M, Olszanecki R, Stręk P, Składzień J. The Balloon-Based Manometry Evaluation of Swallowing in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(4):707. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040707
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomik, Jerzy, Barbara Tomik, Sebastian Gajec, Piotr Ceranowicz, Małgorzata Pihut, Rafał Olszanecki, Paweł Stręk, and Jacek Składzień. 2017. "The Balloon-Based Manometry Evaluation of Swallowing in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 4: 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040707