Modeling Resilience to Damage in Multiple Sclerosis: Plasticity Meets Connectivity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Clinico-Radiological Paradox, Brain Network Resilience and Plasticity
2.1. Brain Network Architecture Provides Resilience to Damage
2.2. Synaptic Plasticity Enables Symptom Compensation
2.3. Synaptic Plasticity and Network Remodeling
3. Inflammation Alters Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in MS
3.1. Inflammation and LTP
3.2. Inflammation and Upscaling
4. Inflammation and Brain Network Organization in MS
4.1. Inflammation Alters Brain Connectivity in MS
4.2. Brain Network Reorganization in MS
4.3. Altered Synaptic Plasticity Impairs Brain Network Remodeling in MS
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Aβ | amyloid-β |
AMPA | α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid |
CNS | central nervous system |
CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
CIS | clinically isolated syndrome |
DTI | diffusion tensor imaging |
EAE | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis |
FC | functional connectivity |
fMRI | functional MRI |
IL | interleukin |
K | node degree |
LTD | long-term depression |
LTP | long-term potentiation |
MS | multiple sclerosis |
NMDA | N-methyl-D-aspartate |
PK | degree distribution |
RR | relapsing-remitting |
rs-fMRI | resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging |
SC | structural connectivity |
TMS | transcranial magnetic stimulation |
TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
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Stampanoni Bassi, M.; Iezzi, E.; Pavone, L.; Mandolesi, G.; Musella, A.; Gentile, A.; Gilio, L.; Centonze, D.; Buttari, F. Modeling Resilience to Damage in Multiple Sclerosis: Plasticity Meets Connectivity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010143
Stampanoni Bassi M, Iezzi E, Pavone L, Mandolesi G, Musella A, Gentile A, Gilio L, Centonze D, Buttari F. Modeling Resilience to Damage in Multiple Sclerosis: Plasticity Meets Connectivity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(1):143. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010143
Chicago/Turabian StyleStampanoni Bassi, Mario, Ennio Iezzi, Luigi Pavone, Georgia Mandolesi, Alessandra Musella, Antonietta Gentile, Luana Gilio, Diego Centonze, and Fabio Buttari. 2020. "Modeling Resilience to Damage in Multiple Sclerosis: Plasticity Meets Connectivity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1: 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010143